Gabii Regional Survey Project With more than half of the global populations living in cities, issues of urbanization are of near universal concern. In the eastern suburbs of modern Rome, the extension of Metro Line C exemplifies the expansion of Rome beyond its original seven hills. This growth in development presents a threat to the archaeological landscape of the region that has preserved various and shifting forms of urbanization throughout the millennia, but it also adds its own layer of history. The southeastern region of Rome in which the Metro Line is rapidly advancing is an area that has been largely understudied by archaeological surveys focusing on any time period or of a regional basis. The Gabii Regional Survey Project (GRSP) seeks to fill this lacuna by conducting a fully diachronic regional survey, stretching from the earliest forms of human occupation and exploitation of the area, through the rise of multiple urban centers, the elevation of Rome as a central power, and finally to the effects of urban sprawl on the region. The regional focus of GRSP is designed in concert with the current excavations taking place at the Latin site of Gabii. The well-‐preserved urban grid, revealed through magnetometry and confirmed by excavation that began in 2009, demonstrates the importance of Gabii for understanding patterns of urbanism in the first millennium BCE. We have designed GRSP as the next phase in the multi-‐stage research design devised for study at Gabii in order to place these site-‐specific results into a broader analysis of settlement, economic and religious activity in the region. Along with this interest in the hinterland of Gabii, we are also interested in its relationship with neighboring cities, particularly Tibur, Praeneste and Rome. This research will primarily appeal to the academic community, particularly those with an interest in studying Latium beyond the necropoleis and to scholars of urbanism of any period. It will also be of interest to the modern inhabitants of both Rome and its suburban neighbors, who will both be involved in the shaping of the research and affected by its outcomes.
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List of Project Participants Director Jessica Nowlin, Brown University Co-‐director of Prehistoric Research Alessandro Giudi, Università degli Studi di Verona Co-‐director of Medieval Research Caroline Goodson, Birkbeck University of London Co-‐director of Modern Research Geoarchaeologist Antonia Arnoldus-‐Huyzendveld Ceramic Specialist Keith Swift
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Table of Contents 1) NEH Cover Sheet
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2) List of Participants
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3) Table of Contents
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4) Nature and Significance of Project
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5) History and Duration of Project
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6) Project Staff
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7) Project Methods
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8) Work Plan
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9) Final Product and Dissemination
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10) Computer Use
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11) Works Cited
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12) Illustrations
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13) Budget
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14) Director CV
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Description of the Project 1 – Nature and Significance of Project
The pressures of expanding urban centers are a common concern of
countries around the world. Management of the growth of human settlement is not solely a problem for those charged with planning urban development, but also for all the communities surrounding these urban centers. These present dilemmas were also familiar to urban communities of the past. This effect of urbanization, from its very beginnings through the current expansion of today, is the primary research interest of the Gabii Regional Survey Project. Through the use of intensive regional survey we hope to gain a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on the landscape, settlement patterns, and the economic and religious nature of the territory between Rome and the mountains to its east. In addition to the intensive and diachronic regional survey, we also plan to analyze the geomorphology of the region and utilize GIS, remote sensing and geophysics in order to grasp the nature of habitation in this region both in its past historical context and as it has been affected over time. Along with these analyses, we also plan to actively involve local communities through direct personal consultation as well as through the use of new media such as blogs, an online GIS and database so that the knowledge gained through this project is disseminated to the general public who are more directly tied to the history of this region. The ancient city that forms the heart of this survey is the Latin site of Gabii, located approximately 18 km east of Rome (Figure 1). It is perched along the edge of the volcanic crater that forms Lago Castiglione and lays at the 12-‐mile mark of the Via Praenestina, about halfway between Rome and Praeneste. The area around Gabii was first settled in the middle Bronze Age (2nd millenium BCE) and in the early Iron Age the rim of the crater was occupied by a series of settlements and adjoining necropoleis (Bietti Sestieri, 2000). Although Vergil states that Gabii was founded by Alba Longa (Aen. 6.773), Gabii seems to have coalesced from several scattered villages into a unified community between the late eighth and early seventh centuries BCE. Plutarch also states that Romulus and Remus were educated in
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letters, music and the use of weapons at Gabii. Even in this literary tradition, there is an effort to connect the two cities. Gabii was a member of the Latin League and was eventually captured by Rome which was led at the time by Sextus Tarquinius. After this capture, Rome and Gabii struck the foedus gabinum, which was the earliest treaty based on equal terms stipulated between Rome and an autonomous polity. Thereafter Gabii slowly fades into the background, appearing in historical sources in 382 BCE when it sides with Rome in a war against Praeneste (Livy 6.21-‐27) and in 340-‐338 BCE as a participant in the Latin War (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5.61.3). Much of the later history of Gabii is little understood due to the lack of historical accounts. One of the characteristics Gabii is most known for is its high quality stone, lapis gabinum, which was used in the construction of the Tabularium and the Forum of Augustus in Rome. Gabii survived as a municipium as late as the reign of Elagabalus, but after this period, the area and the city quickly faded in importance, surviving only ecumenical documents which mention bishops from Gabii. Previous work in the region has primarily focused on excavations or site-‐ based survey. In Gabii itself, there have previously only been limited excavations while at the nearby necropolis of Osteria dell’Osa extensive work has been done (Bietti Sestieri, 2008). In the 1970s, Guaitoli conducted an extensive survey within the city walls of Gabii (Guaitoli, 1981). There have also been limited surveys of the immediate hinterland of Tibur and Praeneste (Mari, 1991; Muzzioli, 1970). While each of these is helpful for providing a context for their respective cities, they do not help to address the broader regional development of urbanism in the area and they are often not fully diachronic. There are examples of intensive regional survey in neighboring territories, such as the South Etruria Survey, Tiber Valley Project, and the Agro Pontino Survey Project, but these are often heavily site-‐focused and are outside of the area of interest to GRSP. In keeping with the idea of multi-‐stage research design (Schiffer, 1978), the first goal of GRSP is to place Gabii within its regional context. The city of Gabii presents the perfect opportunity to look at urbanism within Latium due to its almost continuous occupation from the end of the Bronze Age until the Late Roman/Early Medieval period and to the fact that it was not built over with extensive Imperial
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Roman remains. This, along with the lack of modern alteration of the city, allows for the exploration of the pre-‐Roman structure and organization of the urban center. Evidence gathered from the surrounding region will illuminate and properly contextualize the nature of early urban formation and town planning. Most previous studies of urbanism look solely at the city itself without considering the interplay of the urban center with its outlying settlements and the effects of development on all levels of habitation in the region. Currently there is much debate as to whether or not the development of urbanism in Italy was a slow, gradual development influenced by Greek colonization or a rapid, internal Latin transformation (Vanzetti, 2002). The use of a diachronic survey which spans pre-‐ urban, proto-‐urban and urban periods of occupation will give a clearer picture of what types of settlement were occurring on a broad regional basis rather than looking to individual sites as anecdotal case studies.
The second aim of GSRP is to develop a diachronic history of the eastern
suburbs of Rome. As with most major urban centers throughout the world, modern Rome is expanding at a rapid rate into its previously more sparsely settled surroundings. An area that was once used as farm land is quickly becoming the location of newly formed commuter cities attached to Rome through a system of roads, rail and public transportation. Due to this expansion, we are seeing the modern settlement encroach upon and destroy the regional history of the area. At around the same period in which Gabii was coalescing into an urban settlement, the same process was occurring at Rome and other cities in this region of Latium. Rome, however, continued to grow and slowly absorbed each of these cities as it slowly unified the Italian peninsula. The study area, as a neighboring region of Rome, with cities such as Gabii, Tibur and Praeneste, was one of the first areas to come under Roman influence and is therefore quite important to our understanding of later processes of expansion during the Roman empire. With issues such as “romanization” dominating current scholarly debate, a regional analysis of how this territory became integrated into Roman control can provide possible analogies for other areas which experience this phenomenon as well. This same area near Rome in more modern times is experiencing a somewhat different form of urban Roman
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expansion which is changing the geographic and human landscape of the area. In order to investigate the changing relationship between those inhabiting this eastern region and Rome, GRSP is using an anthropological and ethnoarchaeological approach. By involving local communities and including the modern period in our research, we hope to change the role that modern urbanism often plays in archaeology as an encroaching threat and use our field’s knowledge of the longue durée to positively contribute to improving ideas of urban development. 2 – History and Duration of the Project
The origins of the Gabii Regional Survey Project lay in the new excavations
underway in the urban center of Gabii led by Dr. Nicola Terrenato of the University of Michigan. Prior to these current excavations, work at the site of Gabii had been scattered and fragmentary. In 2007-‐2008, preliminary work began at the site by conducting a magnetometry survey and core sampling over the presumed extent of the site. This was partially based upon the extensive survey and aerial photography work done by Guaitoli (Guaitoli, 1981). The results of the magnetometry clearly reveal the presence of a northeastern running road that follows the angle of the volcanic crater (Figure 2)(Becker et al., 2009). Along with this main thoroughfare, much of the urban grid is preserved as well, radiating out from the crater and following the alignment of the main road. This means that the urban layout of the city was based on a previously unknown trunk road, not the Via Praenestina. This new understanding of the city requires a break from viewing Gabii solely as a halfway stop on the way to Praeneste and a move toward analyzing Gabii in a broader regional context. The angle of the main road in Gabii points toward Tibur, which may point to Gabii as a central hub of communication for this eastern region of northern Latium. Just as the excavations at Gabii are informing our analysis of the surrounding territory, we know that GRSP will likewise contribute to the continued excavation of Gabii.
Along with providing insight into our regional research, the Gabii excavation
has established a logistical infrastructure that can be utilized for survey. The
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excavation base provides materials and supplies for the washing and storing of artifacts along with workspace for GIS and other forms of research. Along with the use of the excavation base as a research base, the excavation has also established a good relationship with a hotel in Frascati which will serve as our room and board during the survey.
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3 – Project Staff Director The director is the author of this report and is responsible for the overall logistics, research design and methodology, GIS and technical work, and publication of the project. The director is also responsible for the research design of the classical period, from the 1st millennium BCE through the end of the Roman period, and any publications for this period or pertaining to GIS work. Co-‐Director of Prehistoric Research: Alessandro Guidi The co-‐director of prehistoric research is an archaeologist Department of Arts and Philosophy at the Università degli Studi di Verona. He specializes in the study of the prehistory and protohistory of Italy and has recently worked in the same region as a part of the Tiber Valley Project. He will be responsible for assistance in the research design for the prehistoric periods, particularly which research questions and artifact collection strategy is best, and publications therein. Co-‐Director of Medieval Research: Caroline Goodson The co-‐director of medieval research is an archaeologist at Birkbeck University of London in the Department of History, Classics and Archaeology. Her focus is on the architecture and archaeology of early medieval Rome and central Italy. She will be responsible for assistance in research design for medieval periods, particularly which research questions and artifact collection strategy is best, and publications therein. Co-‐Directory of Modern Research The co-‐director of modern research will be responsible for assistance in research design for modern periods, particularly which research questions and artifact collection strategy is best, and publications therein. They will also help shape the form of public dissemination of the project findings. Geoarchaeologist: Antonia Arnoldus-‐Huyzendveld The geoarchaeologist will be responsible for the assessment of geological and geomorphological history of the region. She has done extensive work in Rome and the surrounding area of Lazio and specializes in pedology, soil physics and chemistry. She will gain evidence on soil types, sedimentation, geomorphological change, possible site preservation and climatic history. Ceramic Specialist: Keith Swift Will be responsible for the management and study of ceramic materials collected during field survey All staff members are generously volunteering their time to this project. Volunteers: 6 students, responsible for field walking, artifact processing, data processing
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4 – Project Methods
The methods of the Gabii Regional Survey Project are designed to discover
the settlement patterns around Gabii and the surrounding territory in the most efficient way given both the scale of the project and its limited resources. The survey will be conducted in a tripartite fashion so that the sample will cover the entire region and not bias the territory around one particular city. The time of year for the survey is determined by the occurrence of harvest at the beginning of the summer. While these methods are developed to obtain the best possible results for the survey, they are flexible and will be modified or altered throughout the season or years to gain better answers to the research questions of the project. The Gabii Regional Survey Project (GRSP) is created with two primary goals in mind: the study of the hinterland of the Latin city of Gabii as an extension of current excavations and as a regional investigation of the eastern suburbs of Rome and its neighboring cities. With these two goals in mind, we have chosen to define the boundaries of the survey project as the modern road of the Circonvallazione Orientale to the west, the River Aniene to the north, the slopes of the Apennines to the east and the Via Cassalina to the south (Figure 3). While the project does not seek to impose modern boundaries on the landscape of past human actions, some modern boundaries are used to keep the size of the survey area (230 sq km) from becoming unmanageable. The region allows for both the micro-‐regional analysis of Gabii’s hinterland and its surrounding regions. The location of the boundary to the west is established in an area that both gives an example of the modern urbanism occurring in Rome, and yet still possesses some land that has not been overrun with modern development. The northeastern and southeastern limits of the survey territory were constructed to encompass the hinterland of the cities of Tibur and Praeneste respectively. In doing this we hope to better understand the regional connections between these urban centers with Gabii and Rome as well as the pattern of settlement in the areas between these urban spaces. In order to form the most complete history of the territory, all types of human activity and materials found on the landscape are considered relevant and crucial information. Specific artifact collections strategies will be designed by each
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period specialist and taught to field walkers before the survey begins to try to mitigate any period bias in collection. Although the survey will be artifact-‐based rather than site-‐based, the term site will still be used as a unit of measurement. The Gabii Regional Survey Project defines sites as a peak in artifact density from the background noise of the artifact scatter or areas with artifacts or characteristics associated with particular types of human interaction. Signs of this include wasters from industrial activity, evidence of quarrying, food processing, sites with important landscape perspectives, evidence of tomb tiles, etc. The survey area of approximately 230 sq km will be divided between the three field seasons into regions of 70 sq km each. Each region is designed to investigate the nature of settlement between urban centers in the study area. Each of these regions in turn will be divided into 1 x 1 km blocks from which a randomized sample will be surveyed, with accounting made for geomorphologically unproductive areas and areas of urbanization that can be better recorded through remote sensing. Overall, fifteen percent of the total area will be surveyed through intensive, systematic methods. Within these sample blocks, the team of field walkers will walk at 15 m spacing and each walker will pick up diagnostics and record their artifact count and type for each pass walked. This is done to record the background off-‐site scatter of artifacts in order to avoid the site-‐based focus that has been typical of surveys in the area. At the same time, one person will walk around the plot with the GeoXT GPS to record the extent of the plot. Along with the geographical extent, further information will be collected on the plot including modern land use, agricultural use, level of plowing, and amount of erosion, as well as the time of day, slope, aspect and visibility. When the team of field walkers run across a more dense collection of artifacts, a 5 x 5 grid is laid across the site and sherds are counted for each block with collection only of diagnostics and all lithics, architectural fragments, or any other unusual features. The grid is then recorded with the GeoXT and site information is added about general layout, size, possible site type, visibility, etc. At the end of the day all collected artifacts will be processed, the GPS data will be corrected and integrated with the GIS and the database will be updated with site and plot information.
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This procedure will generally remain the same for all three field seasons, unless new methods or problems require change. Along with this intense field survey, possible sites for geophysical testing will be identified to be investigated further the following spring. This will give us more in depth information as to the nature of the sites found in the region without being either too invasive or time-‐ intensive. This also may provide future areas of research in the form of a more site-‐ based excavation.
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5 – Work Plan 2010 Jan – June: Survey preparation and research -‐Author – research; compilation of satellite imagery, construction of database, GIS and ARK; build website; logistical organization -‐Specialists – research and compilation of archival material, preparation for field season July 11 – Aug 21: Field Season -‐All staff and volunteers present -‐Intensive survey in research area, particularly focused around the hinterland of Gabii and the region between Gabii and Rome -‐Anthropological work with residents in the region between Rome and Gabii September – December: Study of the field survey results, preparation of preliminary report -‐Specialists and author: publication preparation -‐Submission of reports to AIAC and metadata to CGMA 2011 January – June: Analysis, research and preparation for field season -‐Select and perform manetometry on suitable sites and off-‐site scatters from previous season July 10 – August 20: Field Season -‐All staff and volunteers present -‐Intensive survey in research area, particularly in the area between Gabii and Tibur -‐Anthropological work with residents between Gabii and Tivoli September – December: Study of field survey and magnetometry results, preparation of preliminary report (also AIAC) 2012 January – June: Analysis, research and preparation for field season -‐Select and perform magnetometry on suitable sites and off-‐site scatters from previous field season July 15 – August 18: Field Season -‐All staff and volunteers present -‐Intensive survey in survey area, particularly in the area between Gabii and Praeneste -‐Anthropological work with residents between Gabii and Praeneste
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September – December: Study of field survey and magnetometry results -‐Select and perform magnetometry on sites and off-‐site scatters from 2012 field survey -‐Preparation of specialist work for individual monographs -‐Preparation of final survey report and monograph -‐Completion of ARK and final integration with website -‐Submit report to AIAC, methodological changes to CGMA and store GIS data with ADS
6 – Final Product and Dissemination The final products of the Gabii Regional Survey Project are designed to serve both the scholarly community and the general public. The four planned final products are: 1) Annual field reports written at the end of every field season which will appear in academic journals in both English and Italian. These reports will also be submitted to AIAC (International Association for Classical Archaeology) to allow researchers interested in this region to access these reports from the internet and remain up-‐to-‐date with the current news and bibliography developed by the project. Survey metadata will be submitted to CGMA (The Collaboratory for GIS and Mediterranean Archaeology), with updates every year, to allow for future inspection of survey methodology and to assist in survey comparability. 2) Specialists will produce monographs which detail their specific aspect of research within the project. 3) A final survey report monograph dealing with all of the aspects of the survey, from methodology to geomorphology of the region, and a period by period analysis of the diachronic material collected, along with chapters discussing broader themes (urbanism, Roman expansion, suburban development, etc.) that emerged during the survey. This will be the primary scholarly publication of the project. 4) A website devoted to tracking the survey as it happens, based on the model developed for the Prescot Street Excavation (http://www.lparchaeology.com/prescot), which will contain: -‐Daily blog from various members of the survey team -‐Videos and pictures of the survey in action -‐Daily announcements of where the survey will occur to inform the general public -‐Message board to allow feed back from local communities and suggestions -‐Educational aspect of informing the general public about what survey archaeology is and what it involves -‐Integration with ARK (Eve and Hunt, 2007), a program designed to allow the posting of archaeological data to the web for people to work on and share the data. This will allow both academic researchers and
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laypeople alike to interrogate the spatial and informational data produced by the survey.
7 – Computer Use
The large scale, vast amount of data and specific research questions that are
being asked require the heavy use of computers with GIS. The license for GIS will be provided through the project’s affiliation with Brown University and therefore will not be requested here. GIS will primarily be used for the storage, management, visualization and analysis of survey data collected in the field. Along with this aspect, GIS combined with satellite remote sensing will allow for the analysis of hydrology, pathways, modern land use and the spread of urbanization and other types of predictive modeling. The project is also seeking to acquire Quickbird imagery to serve as a base map for the survey area. During the survey, the project will make use of two Trimble GeoXTs which provide submeter GPS recording capability. These will be used to record the geographic extent of a plot and the precise position of sites and artifact scatters throughout the landscape.
Along with GIS as a means of storing and analyzing survey data, the project
will utilize ARK (The Archaeological Recording Kit), the new, open source, web-‐ delivered system for the creation, storage, manipulation and publication of archaeological data and media (Eve and Hunt, 2007). The free program developed by L-‐P Archaeology provides a database structure for the recording of data such as plot and site information and combines this with GIS-‐based spatial data (Figure 4). Querying takes place through PHP functions and the resulting information is displayed alongside the spatial information. This means that a user without access to expensive GIS software or the actual original database can interrogate the data at great depth, with only the use of a computer and internet browser. This form of both data storage and dissemination will allow the GRSP data to be available to anyone, no matter where they are in the world, and whether they are a scholar or a member of the general public.
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Works Cited Becker, Jeffery, Marcello Mogetta, and Nicola Terrenato. "A New Plan for an Ancient Italian City: Gabii Revealed." American Journal of Archaeology 113, no. 4 (2009): 629-‐42. Eve, Stuart, and Guy Hunt. "Ark: A Development Framework for Archaeologicl Recording." In Layers of perception : proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Berlin, Germany, April 2-6, 2007, edited by Axel Posluschny, Karsten Lambers and Irmela Herzog. Berlin: Hablet, 2007. Guaitoli, Marcello. "Gabii: Osservazioni Sulle Fasi Di Sviluppo Dell'abitato." Quaderni dell'Istituto di topografia antica della Università di Roma 9 (1981): 23-‐57. Mari, Zaccaria. Tibur. Pars Quarta, Forma Italiae, 35. [Firenze]: L.S. Olschki, 1991. Muzzioli, Maria Pia. Praeneste, Forma Italiae, Regio 1, V.8. Roma: De Luca, 1970. Schiffer, Michael B., Alan P. Sullivan, and Timothy C. Klinger. "The Design of Archaeological Surveys." World Archaeology 10, no. 1 (1978): 1-‐28. Sestieri, Anna Maria Bietti. The Iron Age Community of Osteria Dell'osa a Study of Socio-Political Development in Central Tyrrhenian Italy: Cambridge Univ Pr, 2008. Sestieri, Anna Maria Bietti, and Anna De Santis. The Protohistory of the Latin Peoples : Museo Nazionale Romano, Terme Di Diocleziano. Milano: Electa, 2000. Vanzetti, Alessandro. "Some Current Approaches to Protohistoric Centralization and Urbanization in Itly." In New developments in Italian landscape archaeology : theory and methodology of field survey, land evaluation and landscape perception, pottery production and distribution, edited by Peter Attema, Gert-‐Jan Burgers, Ester van Joolen, Martijn van Leusen and Benoit Mater, 36-‐51. University of Groningen: Archeopress, 2002.
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Illustrations
Figure 1: Map of Central Italy (Becker et al., 2009)
Figure 1: Magnetometry results in Gabii (Becker et al., 2009)
Rome
Figure 3: Survey area over Landsat image from 2000
Gabii
Tibur
Praeneste
Figure 4: A screen shot of ARK, used in the Prescot Street excavation
Jessica Nowlin Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology in the Ancient World 60 George Street Providence, RI 02912
[email protected] (512) 496-4127 Education 2008-present – Ph.D student in Archaeology and the Ancient World, Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Brown University 2003-2007 – BA in Classics, Archaeology; The University of Texas at Austin Classics Departmental Honors, University Honors Research Interests Mediterranean Archaeology (particularly Roman and Etruscan) Roman Imperialism and expansion GIS and spatial analysis Fieldwork The Gabii Project (2009 – present) Project Director – Dr. Nicola Terrenato 2009 – Topography team staff member Digitally recorded excavation data and processed through the use of GIS In charge of making Photomodels to quickly document complex layers and create 3d models of important finds The University of Texas at Austin survey in Metaponto and Crotone, Italy (2007 – 2008) Project Director – Dr. Joseph C. Carter 2008 – GIS project manager Oversaw the organization and implementation of the GIS for the excavation of a Roman tile factory at the Pantanello sanctuary in Metaponto Developed method of quickly documenting complex layers such as large tile falls through ortho-rectified photos processed using Photomodeler software Integrated archival plans with current GIS Digitally collected and processed data from the excavation 2007 – Field Survey Collected spatial data of sites and plots using GPS Integrated GPS data with GIS map of all survey data Catalogued site and plot data using Filemaker Pro Processed artifacts Gained experience in field survey techniques and methods, and site identification The University of Texas at Austin excavations at Chersonesos, Ukraine
(2005 – 2008) Field Director – Dr. Adam Rabinowitz 2006 – Senior Student Associate Worked with TDS, arcGIS, Excel and MS Access to document excavation data Manipulated graphic documentation produced by excavation Member of team that developed the use of Photomodeler software to create 3-dimensional models of context surfaces Processed Photomodels and integrated them with the site GIS 2005 – Field School Student The Program for Belize Archaeological Project (2004) Project Director Dr. Fred Valdez Field School Student Work Experience Institute of Classical Archaeology at the University of Texas at Austin (2005-present) Humanities and Social Sciences Research Associate Scanned over 200 site plans, section drawings and object drawings Developed object drawing database and processed over 2,000 object drawings through the use of Photoshop and Filemaker Pro Cleaned Chersonesos excavation data in MS Access and GIS Processed graphic data through use of Photomodeler Processed and cleaned survey data from Metaponto and Crotone through GIS, GPS and Filemaker Pro Experience using InDesign software Austin Museum of Art (2002-2005) Education department intern Awards 2009 The Etruscan Foundation Fieldwork Fellowship 2007 Mildred Masters McCarty Scholarship in Classics Honors Thesis “Settlement Patterns in Veii and Arezzo between 400 BC and 14 AD” First Reader: Dr. Ingrid Edlund-Berry Second Reader: Dr. Adam Rabinowitz References Dr. Susan Alcock, Director, Artemis A.W. and Martha Sharp Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Professor of Classics, Brown University
[email protected] (401)863-3710 Dr. Nicola Terrenato, Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology, The University of Michigan
[email protected] (734)936-6097
