Front cover photo credit to Dave Parer, Townsville

Apron Safety Plan Prepared By Townsville Airport Pty Ltd December 2015

Table of Contents Manual Distribution Policy & Amendment Procedure .................................................................................................... vii Distribution Record.......................................................................................................................................................... vii Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................................................................. ix Section 1 - Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Section 2 – Safety Policy and Commitment....................................................................................................................... 2 Section 3 - Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................... 3 3.1. Airside Operators............................................................................................................................................... 3 3.2. Contractors ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 3.3. All Individuals ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Section 4 - Legal & Regulatory ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Section 5 – Managing Airside Safety ................................................................................................................................. 5 5.1. Personal Protective Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 5 5.1.1. Protective Clothing .................................................................................................................................... 5 5.1.2. Hearing Protection..................................................................................................................................... 5 5.1.3. High Visibility Clothing ............................................................................................................................... 5 5.1.4. Footwear.................................................................................................................................................... 6 5.1.5. Other .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 5.2. Personal Safety .................................................................................................................................................. 6 5.2.1. Managing Fatigue ...................................................................................................................................... 7 5.4. Security .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 5.5. Emergency Response ......................................................................................................................................... 8 5.5.1. Fire and Explosion Hazards ........................................................................................................................ 8 5.5.2. Incident Reporting ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Section 6 - Airside Hazards ................................................................................................................................................ 9 6.1. Operating Around Aircraft ................................................................................................................................. 9 6.2. Circle of Safety ................................................................................................................................................... 9 6.3. Apron Safety for Drivers .................................................................................................................................. 10 6.4. Ground Service Equipment (GSE) Apron Safety Rules ..................................................................................... 12 6.5. Hazards associated with aircraft engines ........................................................................................................ 14 6.5.1. Jet Intake.................................................................................................................................................. 14 6.5.2. Thrust Reversers ...................................................................................................................................... 14 6.5.3. Jet Exhaust ............................................................................................................................................... 14 6.5.4. Jet blast .................................................................................................................................................... 14 6.6. Propeller-Driven Aircraft and Helicopters ....................................................................................................... 15 6.7. Aerials and other Protrusions .......................................................................................................................... 15 6.8. Aerobridge Operations .................................................................................................................................... 15 6.9. Aircraft Doors .................................................................................................................................................. 15 6.10. Hold Loading ................................................................................................................................................ 16 6.11. Catering........................................................................................................................................................ 16 6.12. Use of Lavatory Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 17 6.13. Aircraft Vehicle Washing ............................................................................................................................. 17 6.14. Dangerous Goods ........................................................................................................................................ 17 6.15. Foreign Object Debris (FOD) ........................................................................................................................ 17 6.16. FOD Bins....................................................................................................................................................... 18 6.17. Vehicle Cab Clean-up ................................................................................................................................... 18 6.18. Food Refuse Clean-up .................................................................................................................................. 18

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6.19. Tool control.................................................................................................................................................. 18 6.20. Aerodrome FOD Walks ................................................................................................................................ 19 6.21. Adverse weather conditions precautions .................................................................................................... 19 6.21.1. Australian Standards, BoM, and Australian Emergency Management Advice on Precautions for Personal Safety ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 6.21.2. Strong Winds ........................................................................................................................................... 20 6.22. Aircraft Fuelling Procedures ........................................................................................................................ 21 6.22.1. Fuel Safety Zones ..................................................................................................................................... 21 6.22.2. Fuel Spillage ............................................................................................................................................. 21 6.22.3. Vehicle Safety Precautions ...................................................................................................................... 22 6.22.4. Refuelling of Aircraft with souls On Board Fixed-wing Aircraft ............................................................... 22 6.22.5. Refuelling Rotary-Wing Aircraft ............................................................................................................... 22 6.23. Spill Containment and Clean-up Procedures ............................................................................................... 22 6.26. Apron Spill Procedure .................................................................................................................................. 23 6.26.1. Controlling a spill ..................................................................................................................................... 23 6.26.2. Containing the spill – Minor Spill ............................................................................................................. 23 6.26.3. Containing the spill – Major Spill ............................................................................................................. 23 6.26.4. Sewerage Spill .......................................................................................................................................... 23 6.26.5. Cleaning up the Spill ................................................................................................................................ 23 6.26.6. Disposal of Spill Waste............................................................................................................................. 24 6.27. Reporting Spills ............................................................................................................................................ 24 6.28. Spill Response Equipment ........................................................................................................................... 24 6.29. Mobile Telephones ...................................................................................................................................... 24 6.30. Smoking ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.32. Fire Prevention ............................................................................................................................................ 25 6.33. Aircraft Fire .................................................................................................................................................. 25 6.34. Wheel Fire.................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.35. Smoke and Fire Warnings in Aircraft Holds ................................................................................................. 25 6.36. Fire in unattended Aircraft .......................................................................................................................... 26 Section 7 - Manoeuvring Area Risks ................................................................................................................................ 27 7.1. Aircraft Servicing.............................................................................................................................................. 27 7.2. Operating Airside ............................................................................................................................................. 27 7.3. Aircraft Manoeuvring ...................................................................................................................................... 27 7.4. Construction Airside ........................................................................................................................................ 27 7.5. Airside Works................................................................................................................................................... 28 Section 8 – Aerodrome Safety Considerations ................................................................................................................ 29 8.1. Environmental Considerations ........................................................................................................................ 29 8.2. Monitoring ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 8.5. Accident/Incident Reporting ........................................................................................................................... 29 8.6. Accidents Involving Passengers ....................................................................................................................... 29 8.7. Accidents Involving Airport Personnel ............................................................................................................ 30 8.8. Damage to Aircraft .......................................................................................................................................... 30 8.9. Damage to Equipment and Vehicles................................................................................................................ 30

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Revision Record Version Number

Revision Number

Revision Date

Section(s)

Page(s)

1

0

2

0

24/06/13

All

All

3

0

01/01/14

All

All

4

0

24/11/15

All

All

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Preface The Apron Safety Plan has been designed using industry best practice. It outlines the minimum acceptable standards and the right behaviours for all organisations engaged in airside activities at Townsville Airport. It ensures the safety of aircraft and personnel during ground manoeuvring and aircraft servicing. The procedures in this manual were produced in liaison with various Townsville Airport operational stakeholders who form the Runway Safety Committee. Mandatory requirements in this manual are specified with the use of the term “shall” or “will” and optional requirements are indicated with the use of the term “should”. This manual is part of the Townsville Aerodrome Operations Manual and as such, any changes in this manual must be approved by Townsville Airport Pty Ltd (TAPL) prior to implementation. Townsville Airport has established a Safety Management System (SMS) to better understand hazards and risks associated with all operations at its airport. It assists with identifying hazards and keeping the risk of injury to personnel or damage to equipment at the lowest practicable level. All personnel working on the aerodrome shall read and become familiar with the SMS Manual. The SMS Manual is available in electronic form and can be downloaded from the Townsville Airport Website http://www.townsvilleairport.com.au/regulatory/compliance-and-safety/. If you require a hardcopy of this manual or have any queries/suggestions relating to the content of this manual, please contact the Aviation Department on 07 4727 3205 or email [email protected].

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Manual Distribution Policy & Amendment Procedure The latest version of this manual is available in electronic format on the Townsville Airport Website http://www.townsvilleairport.com.au/regulatory/compliance-and-safety/. Hard copies are not produced for distribution, but may be printed for internal office use. Any hard copies printed by recipients of the electronic distribution are not controlled; therefore, care must be taken to ensure paper copies are replaced with the latest revision.

Distribution Record The Townsville Airport Apron Safety Plan is distributed electronically to the following organisations:Organisation Airport Operator All TAPL Staff RAAF Department of Defence Airlines/Ground Handlers – On Airport Alliance Airlines Aviation Ground Handling/Jetstar Qantas Virgin Australia Aerocare Regional Express (REX) Air North Hinterland Aviation Cleveland Bay Aviation Bluewater Aviation Careflight Medical Royal Flying Doctor Service Emergency Management Queensland – Helicopter Rescue (PSBA) Nautilus Aviation Curtain Bros MachJet Townsville Skydive

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Jetgo Richard O’Sullivan Airlines – Off Airport Townsville Helicopters Cleveland Bay Aviation Skydive Townsville Retail & Catering Alpha Flight Services Skysnacks Spotless Services Newslink Freighters Qantas Freight Toll Priority

Refuellers Air Fuel Townsville (Air BP) Shell JUHI Government Agencies Australian Federal Police Queensland Police Service Queensland Ambulance Service Queensland Fire and Rescue Department of Agriculture Airservices Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting Service Australian Border Force CASA Townsville City Council The Townsville Hospital

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Glossary of Terms Aerodrome

A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

Airport

An aerodrome to which an aviation document/certificate is in force.

Airport Traffic

All traffic on the manoeuvring area, apron and landside of an airport and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an airport.

Airside

That area of an airport used for aircraft operations, inclusive of runway, taxiways, aprons and support areas.

Airside Vehicle Permit

The document issued by the Senior Aviation Safety Officer, certifying that the holder is authorised to operate vehicles on the airside.

Apron

A defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading and unloading of passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance.

Apron Traffic

All aircraft, vehicles, equipment and pedestrians using the apron of an airport.

Pedestrian Crossing

Any portion of a road, an apron or any other area designated by signs or surface marking to be used as pedestrian crossing.

Designated Vehicle Corridor

A road delineated by surface markings on an apron.

Designated Vehicle Crossing Point

A location on an apron, delineated by surface markings, where vehicles are to cross an aircraft taxi-line.

Ground Handling Equipment

Any motor vehicle or mobile device, either self-propelled or towed, or of a specialised nature, used on the airside.

Hold-Short

Stop-line surface marking 75m from the runway centreline. Requires permission from the Control Tower to cross or proceed onto a runway.

Intersection

The point at which a road, runway or taxiway meets or crosses another road, runway or taxiway.

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Landside

That area of an airport not intended to be used for activities directly related to aircraft operations, such as passenger and cargo terminal, car/coach parking area, access road, etc.

Light Gun

A spotlight used by the tower to control airport traffic, on the airside, when there is no radio communication.

Manoeuvring Area

That part of an aerodrome intended to be used for the landing, taking off, and taxiing of aircraft, - excluding aprons.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Provides workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner such as physical storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures.

Movement Area

That part of an aerodrome to be used for the surface movement of aircraft and includes the manoeuvring area and aprons.

Off the Runway

Indicates a vehicle is at least 45m (150ft) to the side of the nearest edge of the runway in use, wherever practical.

Operational Stand

An area on an airport apron designated for the parking of aircraft for the purpose of loading and unloading of passengers and cargo and the provision of ground service.

Operator

The person responsible for the operation and safety of the vehicle and equipment usually referred to as a driver.

Restricted Area

The Security Restricted Area (SRA) is located airside. Windows, ducts and openings abutting the boundary of the SRA are secured with positive access control measures (i.e. fixed panes, window locks, padlocks, grilles or grates as appropriate). There is a requirement to display a valid red ASIC in the SRA.

Shall/Must

A mandatory requirement.

Should

Used to indicate a process or procedure which is recommended (optional).

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Taxiway

A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another, including: a) Aircraft stand taxilane. A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only. b) Apron taxiway. A portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi-route across the apron. c) Rapid exit taxiway. A taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to allow landing aircraft to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimising runway occupancy times.

Threshold

The beginning of that portion of the runway used for landing and take-off.

Vehicle

An automobile, bicycle, truck, bus or any self-propelled equipment, by which a person or thing may be transported, but does not include aircraft.

Vehicle and equipment corridors

A path marked on Aprons in a conspicuous colour to confine vehicle movement and reduce potential conflict with aircraft.

Will

Used to indicate any instruction, directive or procedure which is mandated (compulsory).

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Commonly used Acronyms AHD ANR ARFF ARO ATC ATIS ATSB ATSR CASA CASR CBD CO DFS DoD DIRD EO EPA GSE GA ICAO GMA NOTAM OC OSM RAAF RL RPT RWY SASO SATCO SRA TAPL TWY

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Australian Height Datum Air Navigation Regulations Aviation Rescue Fire Fighting Aerodrome Reporting Officer Air Traffic Control Automated Terminal Information Service Air Transport Safety Board Aviation Transport Security Regulation 2005 Civil Aviation Safety Authority Civil Aviation Safety Regulations Central Business District Commanding Officer Directorate of Flying Safety Department of Defence Department of Infrastructure & Regional Development Environment Officer Environment Protection Agency Ground Service Equipment General Aviation International Civil Aviation Organisation General Manager Aviation Notice to Airmen Officer Commanding Operations and Standards Manager Royal Australian Air Force Reduced Level Regular Public Transport Runway Senior Aviation Safety Officer Senior Air Traffic Control Officer Security Restricted Area Townsville Airport Pty Ltd Taxiway

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Section 1 – Introduction

Section 1 - Introduction

Townsville Airport has three main aprons for use by civil aircraft. These are the RPT Apron, Commuter Apron, and the GA complex. A leased Apron exists east of TWY A7 that is used by the operators who are based on the State Government land neighbouring the airport to the north. The Helicopter pad is located on TWY Foxtrot and is called Pad Foxtrot The RAAF Base Townsville ‘Birdbath’ and ‘Keyhole’ are also used for civil operations on a request booking system with the RAAF ABCP. The ‘Birdbath’ was formerly an aircraft wash-down facility and is located south of the RPT Apron. It is used for parking when required. The ‘Keyhole’, located east of RWY 01 threshold is used as a high powered engine bay and compass swing. The RPT apron has six (6) primary bays catering for aircraft from Code E (A330/B747) to Code C (B737/A320/DH8). The commuter apron has three (3) parking bays for aircraft up to Code C including DH8/SAAB 340/E135 aircraft. Aerobridges are installed at Bays 1 through 4. Power-in and push-back procedures are used for each of these bays. Docking is through the ‘Safetgate’ Nose In Guidance System (NIGS) which is provided on Bays 1 through 4. The parking allocation on this apron is controlled by TAPL. These can be used subject to conditions as detailed on the Apron Parking and Docking Chart. Please contact the Aviation Department if you request a copy of these charts. The GA Complex located north of the Commuter Apron consists of taxilanes which provide access to hangars and several parking and leased areas. The northern apron is operated on a lease by the operators.

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Section 2 – Safety Policy & Commitment

Section 2 – Safety Policy and Commitment Townsville Airport Pty Ltd (TAPL) promotes a safety culture that starts with the Chief Operating Officer based on trust, participation and shared ownership. Airport employees, tenants, visitors, business partners and contractors are encouraged to communicate any safety issues, concerns, improvements or lessons learned. Our Vision To provide a safe, healthy and pilot friendly aerodrome at Townsville Airport. Reducing and maintaining the risk of harm to persons or property damage at or below an acceptable level (ALARP – As Low As Reasonably Practicable) through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. Our Mission Safety is an integral part of business and is the first priority of operations at Townsville Airport. The development, implementation and continual improvement of strategies, management systems and processes ensure that operations at Townsville Airport are conducted in a safe, secure and efficient manner in accordance with regulatory requirements. Our Objectives Legislation & Regulatory Requirements Safety Assurance

Culture

Risk Management

Communication

Training

Infrastructure & Facilities Participation & Action

To develop, implement and maintain policies, procedures and systems to ensure operations at Townsville Airport comply with applicable legislation, regulations, standards and industry best practice. To develop, implement and maintain an Aerodrome Safety Management System (SMS) that ensures safety is an integral part of operations at Townsville Airport. To review the SMS annually, following incidents, changes to operations or legislation. To conduct regular internal and external audits. To clearly define safety accountabilities and responsibilities for all airport employees, starting with the Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Senior Management. To develop, embed and continually encourage a Safety Culture where safety is the first priority for all operations at Townsville Airport, recognising the importance and value of an effective SMS. To develop, embed and continually encourage a Reporting Culture supported by the Chief Operating Officer and Senior Management that focuses on identifying causes and not attributing blame. To minimise and maintain at or below an acceptable level, the risk of harm to persons or property damage at Townsville Airport through a continuous process of identifying, recording and reviewing risks, safety objectives, targets and indicators. To develop, implement and maintain successful tools that encourage open communication, delivery of key messages and awareness of responsibilities under the SMS to airport employees, tenants, visitors, business partners and contractors. To ensure there are sufficient skilled and trained resources available, to develop, implement, maintain and improve the SMS. To ensure airport employees are competent, provided with adequate information and training appropriate to their duties. To develop, implement and maintain a maintenance system that ensures new and existing infrastructure and facilities at Townsville Airport are kept clean, safe, operational and compliant with applicable legislation, regulations, standards and industry best practice. To actively encourage airport employees, tenants, visitors, business partners and contractors to participate in the SMS. To encourage activities that promote and establish a pilot friendly aerodrome.

Review Date: 5 June 2015

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Kevin Gill Chief Operating Officer Townsville Airport Pty Ltd

Date: 10 Jul 2014

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Section 3 – Roles & Responsibilities

Section 3 - Roles and Responsibilities 3.1. Airside Operators Organisations that have personnel operating on the airside have responsibility to:  Ensure that the organisation, their staff and contractors understand the applicable legislation and regulations required to fulfil their roles.  Ensure that their staff and contractors, understand and comply with the Aerodrome Operator’s airside rules to be able to act safely.  Ensure their staff and contractors maintain the necessary security standards applicable to the airside.  Ensure their staff and contractors understand and comply with the organisation’s safety rules and all procedures to protect themselves and others from safety incidents.  Ensure that those airside safety hazards for which the organisation and their contractors are responsible are adequately controlled and satisfy procedures and all applicable legislation and regulations are followed to protect themselves and others from safety incidents.  Ensure that airside operators and their contractors have in place a safe system of work adequately controlling hazards specific to their operations.  Identify and report all hazards and at-risk behaviours to Townsville Airport and either address these or have Townsville Airport address these at the time with the relevant parties and enter into the Safety Management System.  Communicate and consult with staff and contractors regarding safety matters.  Monitor the behaviours of staff and contractors to ensure that they are abiding by all safety requirements whilst performing their roles.

3.2. Contractors Contractors have a responsibility to:  Understand and abide by the regulations, aerodrome rules, construction requirements and procedures relating to the way they conduct themselves to ensure their own safety and the safety of others.  Identify and report hazards and at-risk behaviours to their employer and to Townsville Airport.  Ensure they manage the work area preventing unauthorised personnel from entering and that all personnel entering the worksite are properly inducted to understand the hazards and the relevant controls in place or are fully escorted whilst on site.  Ensure the security of the site when unattended and that no equipment or materials are left so that they may cause either a hazard or injury.  Actively participate in safety discussions to ensure they are adequately informed and understand the hazards and controls in place to manage risks airside.

3.3. All Individuals All individuals have a responsibility to:  Understand and abide by the regulations, rules and procedures relating to the way they conduct themselves to ensure their own safety and the safety of others.  Identify and report hazards and at-risk behaviours to their employer and to Townsville Airport.  Actively participate in safety discussions to ensure they are adequately informed and understand the hazards and controls in place to manage risks airside.

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Section 4 – Legal & Regulatory

Section 4 - Legal & Regulatory Australia has international obligations as a Contracting State to ICAO and the Commonwealth has entrusted the enforcement of its obligations to CASA. The following legislation, plans and procedures were considered in developing the Apron Safety Plan:  CASA Manual of Standards Part 139  CASA CAO 20.9  ACI Airside Safety Handbook (Third Edition 2006, Revised 2009)  Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Qld)  Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 (Qld)  Airports Act 1996  Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld)  Environmental Protection Regulation 2008 (Qld)  Regulators such as the State WorkCover agencies, the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development and the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) are responsible for establishing and maintaining the guiding legislation and regulations under which the Aerodrome Operator, airside operators, their staff and contractors must adhere. The legislation governing all workplaces in Australia is the Work Health and Safety Act or the State or Territory equivalent in those jurisdictions that have not adopted the Federal model Act. The legislation is quite extensive but easy to read and is not repeated here in detail. The clauses (paraphrased) are some of those critical for Aerodrome Operators and airside operators to understand.1

1

The complete WHS Regulations should be read by Managers of airside operations. This can be found at www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/publications/pages/model-whs-regulations

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Section 5 – Managing Airside Safety

Section 5 – Managing Airside Safety As mentioned in the preface of this Plan, Townsville Airport’s SMS helps with understanding hazards and risks associated with operations at the airport. The following section outlines the mitigation for the various risks that apron operations pose. It is the responsibility of all persons working on the airside areas to become familiar with the safety policies and procedures in the following paragraphs.

5.1. Personal Protective Equipment The following outlines the minimum Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required for airside operations.

5.1.1.

Protective Clothing

The wearing of appropriate Protective Clothing is required for all employees, contractors and visitors when:  Performing tasks in the sun (UV rays).  Performing high voltage switching operations and maintenance.  An employee or supervisor identifies a site-specific job and/or area with potential exposure to flash fire or arc burn injuries, such as through an electrical circuit.  Loading, unloading or transferring hydrocarbons where vapours are present in the atmosphere that present a flash fire potential.

5.1.2.

Hearing Protection  Hearing protection shall be worn in all designated high noise areas and as per the job safety assessment.  Hearing protection shall meet the requirements of AS/NZS 1270.  Although a risk assessment will determine what type of hearing protection is required, Class 5 protection is recommended to be used and available on person on airside areas.  There may be extended periods of time in which hearing protection may not be required. This is due to the types of operations undertaken at Townsville Airport. In these situations, hearing protection must be carried with the person at all times and utilised when noise levels are high.  Various forms of hearing protection will be made available such as disposable/reusable ear plugs or hard hat mounted ear protectors. These must be worn in posted areas. Hearing protection must also be worn during operations that generate noise in excess of 85dB(A).

5.1.3.

High Visibility Clothing

The high visibility safety garment must comprise the following criteria which are different to the AS/NZS 4602 requirements:  The outer layer of cloth must be made of material that has the fluorescent specifications (colour: yellow, min luminescence: 0.7 and garment classification: D/N).  The fluorescent material needs to comprise a total area of at least 0.4 square metres.  The sleeves and collar can be any other colour.  A small company logo can be placed on the chest of the garment. This should be no larger than 10cm x 10cm.  The garment will have retro reflective tape applied to the following minimum criteria: a) A full hoop of 50mm tape around the waist. b) A further half hoop across the back of the garment of 25mm tape no higher than 25mm above the full hoop. c) 2 braces of at least 25mm tape running over the shoulders of the garment from the back bottom hoop to the front bottom hoop.  The garment must incorporate a means of securing the garment so that it covers the torso (i.e. buttons, velcro, zip front or pull over the head style).  Where overalls are worn, in addition to the upper body criteria specified above, there should be 1 hoop of 50mm tape placed around the calf of each leg.

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Section 5 – Managing Airside Safety

5.1.4.

Footwear  Safety-toed boots are required in work areas where a risk of foot injury has been identified. Signage shall be installed in these areas to advise staff of this requirement. The footwear shall meet the requirements of the AS 2210 series of Australian standards.  Lace up or pull on styles are accepted, however, lace up boots provide better ankle support and are preferred.  Chemical resistant foot protection is required when handling or working with hazardous or corrosive materials.  Enclosed covered footwear must be worn in all other areas.

5.1.5.

Other

The following gear is optional but highly recommended:          

Safety boots or steel toe shoes. Protective gloves. Safety hats or helmet. Safety glasses. Face shield. Sun protection (hat, sunscreen). Respiratory protection. Lifting/back support belt. Eye protection goggles. Flashlight.

5.2. Personal Safety The following is a list of the mandatory safety rules designed to limit the risk of injury to personnel in the daily performance of their duties:  Never attempt to lift more than your personal physical capabilities.  Lifting must be done with your legs and arms while keeping the back as straight as possible.  Refrain from wearing jewellery such as chains and loose bracelets. These are prone to catching on to handles, locks, straps of baggage/cargo or on conveyor belts, which can result in severe injury. If worn, these items must remain inside clothing at all times.  Cargo is to be set down easily and not dropped to avoid injury to feet and toes.  Baggage carts are to be loaded evenly in order to prevent tumbling.  When hitching baggage carts and tractor/tow tugs, attendants must ensure that hitches are securely latched and remain clear of hitch during operation of the vehicle.  Baggage/cargo should always be unloaded from the top in order to avoid untimely spillage.  Walking on moving baggage conveyor belts is prohibited and guard rails will remain in the up position during operation.  Ensure that the tow-bars of baggage carts, which also usually function as brakes, are properly set to prevent them from accidentally rolling away or causing personal injury. Note: Remember that oily or wet surfaces increase the risk of accidents. Oily or wet boots can slip off brake pedals, which can result in accidents.

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Section 5 – Managing Airside Safety

5.2.1.

Managing Fatigue

The Civil Aviation Safety Authority is committed to improving aviation safety through the management of fatigue-related risks. They have developed a set of tools to support the Australian Aviation industry. As we become more aware of the implications of fatigue, industry must acknowledge the needs of employees who work in demanding roles; who work outside the Monday-to-Friday, 9-to-5 schedule; and/or have very active lives when they are not at work. Shift workers are not the only workers at risk of fatigue at work. There are many pressures and opportunities in today’s society to sacrifice sleep for other activities.2 Mental Symptoms to look out for:  Disorganised thought processes.  Poor communication patterns.  Reduced situational awareness.  Poor retention of information.  Poor decision making. Behavioural & Physical symptoms to look out for:  Yawning.  Headache.  Rubbing eyes/twitching eyes.  Lack of energy.  Light headedness.  Poor coordination.  Drowsiness. Emotional symptoms to look out for:  Lack of motivation.  Increased stress levels.  Mood changes.  Reduced tolerance.  Irritability.  Low morale. For further information on fatigue management for the aviation industry, please visit www.casa.gov.au/fatigue.

5.4. Security Aviation Security Identification Cards (ASICs) are used at all security controlled airports in Australia. The form of the ASIC is nationally consistent and mandated under the Aviation Transport Security Regulations 2005. An ASIC must be held by anyone who requires frequent access to enter the Secure Areas at Townsville Airport. All visitors without an ASIC who require access to secure areas of the airport for work related purposes, must obtain a Visitor Identification Card (VIC) and be supervised by a valid ASIC holder at all times. This includes areas such as airside hangars and behind check-in desks. Any ASIC holder who leaves a VIC holder unsupervised in a secure area commits an offence under the Aviation Transport Security Regulations 2005. 2

Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Fatigue Management Strategies for Aviation Workers: A Training & Development Workbook, May 2012

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Section 5 – Managing Airside Safety

A person who is operating on a VIC, and is being supervised by an ASIC holder in a secure area, must leave the area immediately if the ASIC holder is no longer supervising them. For further information refer to the Townsville Airport Security Awareness Guide which is available on the Townsville Airport Website. http://www.townsvilleairport.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/2015-Security-Awareness-Guide1.pdf

5.5. Emergency Response Aviation Rescue Fire Fighting (ARFF) are the first point of call for an emergency at the aerodrome and can be contacted on 07 4759 1810 (general) and 07 4759 1899 (emergency).

5.5.1.

Fire and Explosion Hazards

Ignition sources such as open fires are strictly prohibited in the apron area. Hazardous tasks, such as welding, require permits from TAPL. In the fuelling areas around the wings of the aircraft, the concentration of fuel vapours may be very high. You should always be careful when operating cars or motorised equipment around aircraft. Only essential vehicles are permitted within 15 metres of an aircraft. Emergency fuel cut-off switches are located on fuel trucks. Five speakers are located on the airside front of the terminal, as well as throughout the terminal to communicate the alarm from the Terminal Fire Panel.

5.5.2.

Incident Reporting

When working airside, any incidents you are involved with, must be reported to TAPL. This includes:  All kinds of emergency calls.  Fuel, oil or hazardous goods spills.  Damage to aircraft and vehicle accidents.  Personal injuries.  Damage to aerobridges, lights and other installations. These should be reported to the Duty Aerodrome Reporting Officer on 0418 771 999 or emailed to [email protected]. Airport Operations will be notified and will immediately assess the situation and implement immediate corrective action to prevent and minimise disruption to airport operations. A written report must be submitted to the Aviation Department by the relevant agency, within 24 hours giving the following:  Time and location of accident/incident.  Names and personal statement of persons involved in accident/incident.  Names and personal statement of any persons who witnessed the accident/incident.  Owner of equipment involved in accident/incident.  Type(s) of equipment involved in accident/incident. Note: The operator of any vehicle/equipment involved in an accident, which results in injury or death to a person or damage to property, must immediately stop at the scene of the accident and render assistance as may be necessary. There are two (2) Airside Evacuation Assembly Points. Assembly Point 1, is located to the northern end of the terminal building at Gate 2. Assembly Point 2, is located at the southern end of the Terminal Building, at the light pole adjacent to the aircraft servicing waste facility. Full emergency response plans are detailed in the following documents, all of which are available from the Townsville Airport Management Building:  Townsville Aerodrome Emergency Plan.  Townsville Airport Transport Security Program.  Townsville Airport Cyclone Plan.  Terminal, Fire and Evacuation Plan

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Section 6 - Airside Hazards 6.1. Operating Around Aircraft The Apron is the area of the airport where aircraft are normally parked during ground stays. It is also the area where aircraft are serviced and refuelled, passengers embark/disembark aircraft and where cargo and baggage are loaded/unloaded. Special precautions must be taken when working around aircraft for both your safety and the safety of passengers travelling on the aircraft. Damage caused to parked aircraft may not only result in expensive repairs and delays, but also serious accidents and injuries. No access to, or contact with, an aircraft or its contents is permitted unless approved by the handling company, the pilot-in-command, the airline, or its representatives. Random parking of vehicles and handling equipment outside the designated parking areas represents a safety hazard to both aircraft and other traffic. Vehicles or handling equipment must not be parked or left in places where they might prevent other vehicles from moving forward and away in case of an emergency.  Movement inside the aircraft stand, under the aircraft engines and fuselage should be restricted to technical staff and flight crew only who are utilising the proper personal protective equipment.  Stabilisers protruding from vehicles must be clearly painted or labelled with reflector tape or reflectors depicting their potential hazard and must be in proper working order at all times.  Airport operators and airline personnel must ensure passengers are kept away from the aircraft’s wings, engine and fuselage at all times. This can be achieved by providing appropriate supervision as well as a safe lane to and from the airport terminal formed by either safety cones, pedestrian crossing or escorts.  Never stand behind or in front of aircraft engines while the anti-collision beacon is activated.  Never approach an aircraft until the anti-collision beacon has been extinguished or the all clear has been verified with aircrew.  On power-back operations stand clear of the engines.  All aircraft, including those taxiing, about to taxi, or being pushed or towed, have right of way over all vehicles and pedestrians.

6.2. Circle of Safety The “Circle of Safety” relates to an imaginary/invisible circle which extends for five (5) metres around the aircraft. There is an inner zone inside this circle which includes the fuselage and engine areas with a two (2) metre safety zone (see Page 10). The “Circle of Safety” provides a multilayer safety buffer which surrounds the aircraft and triggers operators to consider their speed and travel path to ensure a safe approach to an aircraft.

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Source: Australian Aviation Ground Safety Council

6.3. Apron Safety for Drivers To drive a vehicle airside, the driver of the vehicle must have an Authority to Drive Airside (ADA) and the vehicle must display an Airside Vehicle Permit (AVP) sticker. The vehicle must also have appropriate business identification markings on both sides of the vehicle along with rotating beacons otherwise you will require an escort. To arrange a vehicle escort contact the Aerodrome Reporting Officer (Callsign ‘Safety One’) on 0418 771 999. To obtain an Authority to Drive Airside or Airside Vehicle Permit (AVP) contact the TAPL Aviation Department on 07 4727 3254. No person shall drive a vehicle unescorted on the airside unless:  The person is the holder of a current approved ASIC.  The person holds a current Authority to Drive Airside (ADA) license issued by TAPL valid for that area of operation and understands the regulations and restrictions which apply.  The vehicle has a current Airside Vehicle Permit (AVP) permit issued by TAPL.  The person holds a current QLD Driver’s licence. If your job requires the use of vehicles on the airport, refer to the TAPL Vehicle Control Handbook. All vehicle drivers must adhere to the rules contained within the Townsville Airport Airside Vehicle Control Handbook at all times. Apron Safety Plan Uncontrolled if printed Version 4.0|Issue Date December 2015

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Speed limits on the apron are as follows:  25 km/hr on airside roads and on the general apron, except within 15m of an aircraft, and when driving under the concourse.  10 km/hr within 15m of an aircraft.  10 km/hr under the concourse.  40 km/hr on perimeter roads and taxiways.  5 km/hr in the Baggage make up area. Vehicles and equipment must not be left unattended outside of marked equipment storage areas. Vehicles must not be driven under an aircraft or within 3m of any part of an aircraft except when required for the servicing of an aircraft. Vehicles must remain clear of aircraft displaying anti-collision or strobe lighting. Vehicles are not permitted to drive under aerobridges under any circumstances. Vehicles operating on the movement area must be lit with a vehicle warning light mounted on top of the vehicle, so as to provide 360o visibility. The lights must be amber/yellow/orange, and be flashing or rotating. Dipped headlights must also be displayed at night or in conditions of poor visibility. Vehicles are to confine movement to the airside roads where practicable. When not practicable, extreme caution and vigilance is to be exercised by the vehicle operator. Vehicles in the movement area are permitted to stop only in a position that is clearly visible to aircraft and other vehicles. Drivers will complete all requirements for obtaining the Townsville Airport Airside Vehicle Permit (AVP) before driving airside at the airport. All information relating to this permit may be found in the Townsville Airport Airside Vehicle Control Handbook (AVCH) located at http://www.townsvilleairport.com.au/regulatory/compliance-and-safety/ The following guidelines must be followed by all personnel operating airside:  Drivers and airside personnel must be aware of the dangerous effects of contact injuries that could be caused by rotating propellers and potential jet blast or ingestion when in close proximity to a jet aircraft with its engines running.  Drivers must make sure their vehicles are roadworthy before driving airside. Any abnormality discovered that would compromise safety to themselves or others, must be reported to their management immediately and corrected as soon as possible.  Drivers transporting cargo across long distances, such as transfer between the Aprons and hangars must check that loads and trailers are properly secured either by using: □ Covered carts which will also protect cargo from rain and weather. □ Open carts with a protective net tied down to secure load. □ A second operator to shadow the same cargo transfer in order to detect any fallen items.  All drivers and cargo handlers shall use proper stacking techniques to ensure an open luggage cart is not overloaded or unbalanced.  Drivers/operators shall not operate in the movement area at any time while under the influence or residual effect of alcohol or drugs. This applies to medicine or prescribed drugs which may impair the ability of the driver.  Do not walk or drive a vehicle towards an aircraft or behind an aircraft while the aircraft engine is running. An aircraft with its engine running will display a flashing red light signal known as an anti-collision beacon.  Do not drive or park under aircraft or aircraft wings unless the vehicle is being used to service the aircraft.  Approach the stationary aircraft at an angle and keep the aircraft on the driver's side. Try to stay in view of the pilot.

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       

Always use a Marshall or guide man when reversing towards aircraft. Do not leave any motorised vehicle unattended with the engine running on the movement area; engage the handbrake whenever the vehicle is stationary. Keep the Passenger Boarding safety zone free of any obstruction. Do not drive, stop or park in the Passenger Boarding safety zone. Deposit all Foreign Object Debris (FOD) in the bins provided after handling each flight. Report all fuel, oil and other chemical spills to the Aerodrome Reporting Officer (Callsign ‘Safety One’) on 0418 771 999. Drivers of vehicles must keep clear of aircraft engines and cannot pass within a 3 metre radius around the aircraft fuel tank vents. Drivers of vehicles must not drive over any hose or bonding cable laid during aircraft refuelling. Refuelling tankers are not permitted to park unattended within fifteen (15) metres of a terminal building.

6.4. Ground Service Equipment (GSE) Apron Safety Rules Only adequately trained, qualified and authorised personnel who possess the required AVP and endorsement are permitted to operate ground handling equipment. The following safety guidelines apply:  All GSE must be in a good mechanical condition at all times and must be capable of passing a vehicle inspection.  Broken equipment must be tagged ‘Out of Service’ until repaired.  Hoses or cables on equipment must be securely stowed before the unit is moved.  A working safety beacon must be mounted in a location above the driver which allows 360° visibility.  GSE must not have any defects to the control or braking systems.  There must not be any leaks of lubricants, coolants or contents.  Equipment must have proper seating, working lights, safe tires and sound bodywork.  Manufacturer installed safeguards and bumpers must be in a serviceable condition to prevent/minimise damage in the event it comes into contact with an aircraft.  GSE must have a clean and professional appearance (paint, markings, etc.).  Equipment must never move across the path of a taxing aircraft or embarking and disembarking passenger without a proper safety guide.  Equipment must not exceed 10 kph when approaching or leaving an aircraft.  Equipment must only be removed from the Equipment Storage Area fifteen (15) minutes before the flight is scheduled to arrive and can be positioned in the Equipment Clearance (Staging) Area. GSE will not move towards an aircraft until the aircraft has come to a complete stop and chocks are positioned.  GSE is not to infringe on marked passenger walkways.  Staged equipment cannot be left unattended. Service equipment is to be staged and stored behind designated lines/areas as follows:  Equipment Storage Area – Equipment can be stored in the Equipment Storage Area at all times and will not impact on any aircraft operations or aircraft servicing. The ‘Equipment Storage Area’ is depicted by a continuous red painted line, and the words EQUIPMENT STORAGE painted in red on the side where the equipment is stored. Operators may lease additional storage areas which are depicted by a lime green continuous line on the outside of the red painted line.  Equipment Clearance (Staging) Area – This is essentially an equipment holding area that the operators can utilise for aircraft servicing equipment immediately prior to the arrival and after the departure of an aircraft. This area is to be kept clear of equipment at all other times to allow full accessibility to any other aircraft and handling agent that may utilise this bay. The ‘Equipment Clearance Area’ is depicted by a red dashed line and the words EQUIPMENT CLEARANCE painted in red on the side of the line occupied by the equipment.

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Once aircrafts are serviced and secured for the evening or pushed back to the taxi line for departure, all GSE needs to be returned to the appropriate parking spot in the GSE Staging Area. Violation of this policy can lead to the responsible organisation being charged for the use of the stand overnight.

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6.5. Hazards associated with aircraft engines 6.5.1. Jet Intake The air intake of a jet engine is powerful enough to ingest a human body. The jet engine suction is strong enough to devour loose debris e.g. rags, bolts, paper, stones, catering foils, plastic cups and bags even at a distance. All these will damage the jet engine.

6.5.2.

Thrust Reversers

The thrust reversers are movable mechanical parts of the jet engine, which reverse the exhaust gas direction during landing to proceed a braking effect. In some operations, they are used to reverse aircraft on departure (Power back). When operated, they may extend to retract from the rear of the engine at a rate of approximately two (2) metres per second. Anyone standing behind the engine and unaware of the thrust-reverse operation may be severely injured.

6.5.3.

Jet Exhaust

Temperature of the exhaust can severely burn the skin of person standing too close.

6.5.4.

Jet blast

The jet blast can exceed 160kph and is capable of moving or toppling equipment or a person. The following diagrams point out why it is so important to use extreme caution when near a jet aircraft that has its engines running. The degree of hazard is dependent on the engine power setting and the distance behind the engine exhaust. Figure 1: Reverse Idle Thrust Power Hazard Areas

Figure 2: Takeoff Thrust Power Hazard Areas

Source: The Boeing Company

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6.6. Propeller-Driven Aircraft and Helicopters It is easy to forget the inherent dangers associated with propeller-driven aircraft and helicopter rotors if you are used to handling these types of aircraft. Propellers and rotors will always be a potential hazard as they operate at head and chest level. Always approach from the front where you can see and be seen by the pilot. Note – Never walk close to aircraft propellers or helicopter rotors, even when they are stationary, because it is difficult to determine when they may begin to rotate.

6.7. Aerials and other Protrusions Personal injury can occur from radio aerials, drain masts, ram-air turbines, elevator flaps and ailerons. To prevent this you should avoid walking under the fuselage of an aircraft. The drain masts on certain aircraft also heats up in flight and may be extremely hot on arrival.

6.8. Aerobridge Operations Aerobridges are installed at bays 1 through 4. The following procedures must be adhered to for aerobridge operations:  The aerobridges must not be operated by untrained or unauthorised personnel and must be operated in accordance with the approved operating instructions.  Aerobridges must remain in the home position until the arriving aircraft has come to a complete stop.  Aerobridges must be returned to the home position on departure of the aircraft. There are Nose In Guidance Systems (NIGS) installed on each of the four aerobridges. Bays 1, 2, 3, and 4 have a Safegate Combined Azimuth and Stopping Nose In Guidance System. Only staff that have been trained in the safe operation of the aerobridges and the NIGS are authorised to operate the TAPL aircraft visual docking systems. All NIGS are located undercover and can be used during the 5NM or 10NM thunderstorm warning. The System uses 3 Dimensional Laser Scanning Technology to identify the front profile of an approaching Aircraft and then track its nose, lateral, and longitudinal positions to a pre-determined Stop position. The system requires selective operation, providing identification of the selected aircraft to both the pilot and the system operator to ensure that the system has been set correctly. All necessary information such as azimuth guidance, distance to stop information, aircraft type, and gate number is shown on a high intensity LED Display that is clearly visible for both Pilots. Continuous closing rate information, as tracked by the Laser Unit, is displayed to the Pilots and this information is used to correctly position the Aircraft at the Gate. The system has the ability to dock aircraft on two different centrelines. The docking system can be deactivated at any time during the process by operating the Emergency Stop Button on the Operator Panel. The LED Display will show STOP when this occurs and will remain in place until the Emergency Stop is reset. The Emergency Stop is activated by pushing it in. When it is activated, all Docking function will cease immediately. The Emergency Stop is reset by pulling it out. Resetting the Stop will return the System to the Idle Standby Status. (Waiting for Activation and displaying the Bay Number).

6.9. Aircraft Doors The following rules apply when dealing with aircraft doors:  Never attempt to operate any aircraft door unless you have been trained to do so.  Carry out the correct procedure according to aircraft type when opening or closing passenger/catering doors. Ensure that the emergency chute is disengaged before opening doors. Failure to do so could result in the door powering itself open (300+ psi) causing injury or death of the person attempting to open the door.  Never remove passenger/access steps from the open door of an aircraft unless the door SAFETY STRAP is fastened and the cabin crew is aware that the steps are being removed.

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 Watch out for any passengers, in particular elderly passengers and children, who may inadvertently wander around or under an aircraft during boarding or disembarkation. Also ensure that during transit stops passengers who remain on board do not disembark and wander around the parking apron.  The safety of the aircraft is dependent, to a great extent, on the serviceability of the stall warning probes. To ensure safety of the aircraft REPORT any contact made with stall warning probes by Passenger/Access Steps, Air Jetties, Catering Vehicles, etc. to the Duty Engineer or the Aircraft Captain.

6.10. Hold Loading The following precautions should be taken when handling damaged packages with a ‘restricted articles’ label:  Do not allow the contents of the package to come in contact with any part of the body.  Do not inhale any vapour or fumes.  Guard against fire.  Never load a damaged package or one suspected of being damaged, onto an aircraft.  Report all damage to your supervisor.  Do not remove any damaged radioactive packages without authorisation, due to possible contamination.  Strict precautions must be taken on all aircraft to ensure the serviceability of hold doors and locking mechanisms.  Open hold doors with caution, carefully securing them in the open position. DO NOT throw them open. Undue care could result in damage to the locking mechanisms and possible malfunctioning of the mechanism. Malfunctioning could also cause injury to persons and damage to equipment or load entering or leaving the hold.  When closing hold doors, staff involved must ensure that all doors are correctly seated before the locking mechanism is activated.  The integrity of aircraft structure and components may be adversely affected by spillage of powders or liquids in the aircraft holds. Report any spillage found in aircraft holds, as a matter of urgency, to either the Duty Engineer or the Aircraft Captain.  Extra care must be taken when handling cargo carrying a restricted articles label. Damaged packages could be hazardous to your safety. Damage to metal floors and sills of aircraft holds can produce jagged edges that are capable of damaging baggage/cargo and can injure you. Report such jagged edges to the Duty Engineer or Aircraft Captain in order for repairs to be effected.  Adequate clearance and guides should be used when reversing a vehicle on the airside.  Always ensure that the sides of empty containers are locked into position.

6.11. Catering The following guidelines should be followed for safe operations:  Check the security of the access equipment fitted to the elevating platform and the condition of the forward platform protective padding of your vehicle before use on the aircraft.  ALWAYS ensure that the safety rails are in the correct position for the aircraft to be serviced.  Before the elevating platform is raised, ensure the back door of the truck is properly secured to prevent personnel or items from falling during lift operations.  When loading or unloading beverage containers, always ensure that the lids of these containers are securely locked in place before lifting and removing them from their stowage's, either on the aircraft or in the catering vehicle.  Keep all parts of the vehicle and all catering equipment well clear of any instrumentation devices, e.g. stall warning probes, pitot heads etc., fitted in the vicinity of the catering service doors.  Fit any protective device, e.g. protection pad, engine cover as soon as the door is opened. Also ensure that they are removed and stowed before closing the aircraft door.

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6.12. Use of Lavatory Equipment The Lavatory Service is hazardous and can impact personal health and safety. Protective clothing is mandatory when undertaking this service. The aircraft manufacturer’s procedures are written on the aircraft lavatory service panel and must be followed for emptying the effluent and refilling the flushing liquid. Most aircraft require the use of a lavatory service plug removal tool. The plug must be removed and the hose connected before pulling the release mechanism. Do not overfill with flushing agent as this may cause damage to the aircraft lavatory floor area. After completing the service, clean down the lavatory servicing equipment, checking flushing liquid levels and all discharge and refill hoses have been correctly replaced to avoid damage. Dispose of all gloves and other protective equipment in the appropriate bins immediately.

6.13. Aircraft Vehicle Washing Aircraft and vehicle washing airside is prohibited except when conducted on an approved wash site. A wash down facility is provided at the Northern end of the General Aviation Complex for Code A aircraft types.

6.14. Dangerous Goods All dangerous goods carried by air must be packaged in accordance with ICAO and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. This ensures that containers of dangerous goods are not likely to rupture or leak during normal handling. Breakage or mishandling can cause spillage. Without endangering yourself, find out the nature of the substance, by looking at its label or the manifest if possible. In the case of fuel or any other combustible call the TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officers (Callsign ‘Safety One’) on 0418 771 999 and advise of:  Your location.  The name of the substance.  The quantity spilt.  The label on the package.

6.15. Foreign Object Debris (FOD)

Garbage or Foreign Object Debris (FOD) must not be deposited, or discharged in any manner, on the airside except in approved containers provided for this purpose. Keeping the apron clean from FOD is important on all aircraft movement areas, and will prevent FOD damage to tyres and engines. All staff operating on the apron should remove and dispose of any FOD found on the apron. FOD bins, brooms and dustpans are located at each aerobridge and in the baggage make up area.

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Throwaway items are inherently dangerous. In the working environment of an apron operation, they contribute to the damage or potential damage to aircraft, ground equipment and can even endanger life. Foreign material such as mud and gravel can seriously damage aircraft engines. Vehicle operators therefore, should ensure that the surfaces of movement areas are kept clean by checking wheels and tires before they enter these areas. If foreign materials are deposited on these surfaces, operators must have these materials removed immediately. Items that fall onto the apron are often the cause of damage to aircraft tyres, thrust reversers and engines. This risks the safety of the aircraft. These items may include:  Stones.  Oil cans or bottles.  Nails, nuts, and bolts.  Splintered wood from pallets or load spreaders.  Metal tie bands or wires.  Plastic bags or sheeting.  Tie-down fittings.  Suitcase wheels, handles, locks and straps.  Catering items such as knives, forks, cups and foil containers.  Baggage tags.

6.16. FOD Bins ALL FOD will be deposited in appropriate FOD bins located near aircraft operating areas. You must not:  Throw, deposit or knowingly leave on a road, apron or manoeuvring area of an airport, any material that may cause damage to any aircraft, vehicle or person.  Throw, deposit or knowingly leave any form of trash or garbage at an airport except in a container provided for that purpose. Segregating the debris will allow for later analysis of risk sources in the FOD program. Note: Rubbish items such as meals, cleaning materials, sanitary products or other rubbish removed from an aircraft must not be thrown in FOD bins! Rubbish containers are provided throughout the facility for the disposal of these items.

6.17. Vehicle Cab Clean-up It is essential that the cab of the vehicle is clean to give maximum visibility. Dirt in a vehicle can easily become an additional hazard which may result in an accident. Dirt in a vehicle cab can be blown by either normal winds or jet blasts, resulting in impaired visibility, irritation and blindness.

6.18. Food Refuse Clean-up Wildlife Strikes are a major problem to flight safety. In many cases, strikes occur on take-off or landing and can sometimes be the direct result of an untidy apron operation. Sources of easy food attracts wildlife and aircraft cabin refuse as well as aircraft catering trucks can provide an easy source of food if they are not left clean and secure.

6.19. Tool control Tools used in and around aircraft and aircraft engines must be accounted for. There are numerous ways to accomplish this including shadow boxing, bar coding, special canvass layouts with tool pockets, and even consolidated tool kits. At airside facilities all tools must be etched with the organisation’s code so as to be easily identifiable. It is the responsibility of each organisation to provide the Aerodrome Reporting Officer with a letter verifying compliance with this policy and listing the appropriate organisation code used. At the end of any maintenance action all tools must be accounted for, in the instance of a missing tool the Aerodrome Reporting Officer must be notified immediately.

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6.20. Aerodrome FOD Walks On a quarterly basis Townsville Airport will organise and carryout a FOD walk of all airside areas. Each organisation working airside will be contacted and assigned to a specific area and at the appropriate time will gather as many volunteers as possible and assemble in a straight line to sweep the area. All personnel should try to move at a pace that will allow each individual to move forward at the same time while focusing on the ground immediately in front of them. All material will be placed in trash bags and given to the Senior Aviation Safety Officer for further analysis at completion of the FOD walk.

6.21. Adverse weather conditions precautions Airlines are encouraged to plan for operations in high winds, heavy rain, electrical storm environments and during adverse weather phenomena to ensure the safety of personnel, passengers and equipment. The Townsville Airport Cyclone Plan details the responsibility of TAPL and the responsibility of the operators during high winds or a cyclone. There is a risk of lightning strikes if working outdoors in active thunderstorm conditions. The risks can be minimised by staff, visitors and contractors by not working in outdoor areas when a thunderstorm alert has been issued. Townsville Airport has an Early Storm Warning System which alerts the operators on the RPT Apron when a storm is approaching. It is located on the grass between the RPT Apron and Taxiway Alpha, opposite the terminal. When advised by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) or ATC that a storm is within 10 nautical miles from the airport, the system will be remotely activated by the TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officer (ARO). The system has three alert levels: Blue strobe light – 10NM warning of approaching storm front. Normal activity may continue, although proximity of the thunderstorm must be monitored. Consider finalising and making safe, or ceasing current activity if it cannot be quickly stopped should a 5NM Alert be activated. TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officer will liaise with ATC regarding ceasing any airfield works or displaced threshold activity that may be affected by 5NM Alert and/or reduced visibility due to heavy rain. Red strobe light – 5NM warning of approaching storm front. All personnel are to ‘make safe’ and cease working in open areas and take shelter inside a building or fully enclosed metal bodied vehicle, and the follow the Australian Standards, Bureau of Meteorology, and Australian Emergency Management Advice on Precautions for Personal Safety below. Green strobe light – ALL CLEAR notification. Storm boundary is greater than 10NM from the airport. The 5NM (9km) Thunderstorm Alert does not mean the airport is closed and depending on the actual weather conditions aircraft arrival and departures will most likely continue. It is up to the individual operators to implement procedures and guidelines for their staff to follow during a thunderstorm activation.

6.21.1. Australian Standards, BoM, and Australian Emergency Management Advice on Precautions for Personal Safety When outdoors, some of the measures for reducing the risk of injury that may be caused by lightning strikes to ground during a local thunderstorm are as follows: 



Seek shelter in a substantial building with at least normal headroom or within a totally enclosed, metal bodied vehicle such as a car or truck with a metallic roof. If in a car , close the windows and avoid contact with metallic parts and remove any handsfree mobile telephone attachments from the body. Avoid driving the car as a strike to the car may blow out the tyres. Do not stay in open vehicles such as tractors, or any other type of open or closed vehicle without a metallic roof. Small sheds offer uncertain protection. Do not elevate the body above the surroundings.

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 

Do not shelter under trees, particularly an isolated tree. If surrounded by trees, seek a position outside the foliage and crouch, keeping the feet together. Do not touch or stand close to any metallic structures. Do not stand on or under bridges or other elevated structures. Do not carry metallic objects such as umbrellas or ladders. Remove metallic chains and other jewellery particularly from the head and upper parts of the body.

When indoors, some of the measures for reducing risk of injury that may be caused by lightning strikes to ground during a local thunderstorm are as follows:   

Avoid using fixed line telephones unless essential. Keep clear of windows. Avoid metal fixtures such as roofs, guttering, downpipes and taps.

In addition, the BOM will issue warnings for:  Tropical Cyclones.  Gale force winds of 34 knots surface or gusts over 42 knots.  Thunderstorm. If hail or winds will exceed 41 knots.  Sandstorms, dust storms, rising sand or dust, squalls or tsunami.

6.21.2. Strong Winds Strong wind conditions can give rise to hazards from wind-blown items and in very strong winds there is a possibility of structural damage to aircraft. The principal threats are of engine ingestion or airframe damage to aircraft on stands, taxiways and runways. The severity of the threat of obstruction of a runway to an aircraft taking off or landing cannot be stated too strongly. There is also a danger of personal injury for apron staff and damage to vehicles and equipment. When a strong wind warning has been issued, or when strong wind conditions are experienced, the following actions must be taken by airlines, ground handlers, operators and staff:  Extra vigilance must be exercised to prevent accumulation of FOD and to ensure that all loose items are removed or safely stowed (plastic bags and sheeting are a particular threat to engine ingestion in all areas of the airfield). Action must be taken to ensure that covers are securely fastened on all waste containers.  All ground equipment and vehicles on the aprons, not in immediate use, must be parked in the areas provided with parking brakes applied. Equipment in use on stands must be secured with parking brakes set. Equipment without parking brakes must be chocked or removed.  Large items of equipment that are vulnerable to winds, such as empty freight containers, must be secured to a fixed object or removed to a protected area.  All loose items in contractor’s work area must be secured or removed.  Staff observing any obstruction or equipment moving in the wind, irrespective of ownership, must take action to secure it.  Handling staff should take special precautions when towing aircraft and should refer to the company’s operations manual for specific guidance.  Aircraft rubbish and equipment that is normally temporarily placed on the stand, such as bagged waste, blankets or headsets, must be removed or securely stored immediately as it is removed from the aircraft.  As wind speeds rise, baggage containers, unsecured equipment, large debris (mostly from the aprons), can be blown across the Movement Area causing a damage hazard to aircraft in all areas. There is also a risk of personal injury and damage to vehicles and equipment by flying debris.  It is not always feasible or necessary to position a large aircraft into wind at aerodromes. Where there is a requirement for aircraft to be positioned into wind and/ or picketed, this should be the responsibility of the airline, agent or owner concerned. Aerodrome operators may assist by the allocation of suitable stands and other airfield areas for this purpose.

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 

As wind speeds rise, there is a requirement for airline managers, agents or owners to ensure that wind-milling propellers and rotors are feathered and/or secured. Airline operators are responsible for issuing instructions on the limiting wind speed for the towing of their aircraft.

Air Traffic Control (ATC) will close operations a minimum of three hours before the BoM has predicted DESTRUCTIVE WINDS (125+ kph. If wind gusts exceed 80 kph (43 knots) ATC will also close operations. For reference average winds at Townsville Airport are between 5-8 kts, strong winds rarely exceed 25 kts

6.22. Aircraft Fuelling Procedures As aircraft ground handling activities take place at the same time as aircraft fuelling, these activities must be coordinated to ensure the safety and integrity of the operation. The position of all fuel trucks next to aircraft during fuelling is very critical and should follow all company safety regulations. Special attention should be paid to ensure a clear means of entrance is maintained at all times.

6.22.1. Fuel Safety Zones Due to the fire hazard associated with fuel vapours, all personnel must be cautioned to ensure that items such as mobile phones, portable radios, matches, open flames, welding, and equipment performing aircraft servicing functions are kept out of the fuelling safety zone. It is the responsibility of the fuelling personnel to establish and maintain a fuelling safety zone based on aircraft type and safe practice. Cones should be used to outline the fuel safety zone. The fuelling zone is defined as a circular area around the point of contact between the fuel source and the fuel receptacle. This fuel safety zone also applies and extends circularly from any fuel vents on same equipment. It is the responsibility of the person(s) conducting the fuelling operation to police these areas and ensure all personnel are aware of the location and hazards associated with these zones. The refuellers will be responsible for the fuel vent on the side of aircraft they are operating on. Airline personnel or contracted service providers will be responsible for the fuel vent located on the other side of aircraft and keeping it clear. If for any reason these zones are breached, fuel flow will be interrupted until safety zones are cleared.

6.22.2. Fuel Spillage In the event of a fuel spillage the following actions must take place:  The Aircraft Turnaround Coordinator should STOP the refuelling operation, advise the Captain, call the ARFF on 07 4759 1899 and the Duty ARO on 0418 771 999.  Based on the severity of the spillage and advice of fire services evacuate all persons from the immediate area.  Mobilise all available firefighting equipment as standby protection until the arrival of the airport emergency services.  Control the movement of unauthorised personnel and equipment into the area.  As far as possible, restrict all activities inside and outside the spill area to reduce the risk of ignition.  All electrical equipment in use during the fuelling operation must be switched off immediately.  Unload the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and shut it down. Do not start the APU until the spilled fuel is removed and there is no further risk of spilled fuel or vapours. Emergency services will make this call.  Normal operations must not be resumed on the aircraft or any engines started before the person in charge of the emergency determines it is safe to continue.  If fuel is spilled on any load, then such items are NOT TO BE LOADED into the aircraft. Note: The ARFF will remain present until the spill has been completely cleared and all materials properly disposed of. Based on the severity of the spill and the time it takes to clean up there may be a charge for ARFF services. Apron Safety Plan Uncontrolled if printed Version 4.0|Issue Date December 2015

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6.22.3. Vehicle Safety Precautions During the fuelling process the following rules are to be followed relating to any GSE in the immediate area:  The engines of all unattended vehicles should be switched off.  Vehicles must not be parked under the aircraft wingtip fuel vents.  Equipment must be positioned so that the fuelling vehicle has a clear exit route and can be moved away from the aircraft in a forward direction.  A distance of 4 metres should be maintained, wherever possible, between ground support equipment and any fuelling equipment.  Ground Power Units must not be operated unless they are positioned 6 metres from the aircraft fuelling vents and venting points.  The use of metal wheeled equipment in close proximity to the aircraft is prohibited.  If the bonding cable connecting the fuelling vehicle to the aircraft becomes disconnected during ground operations the fuel operator must be immediately advised.

6.22.4. Refuelling of Aircraft with souls On Board Fixed-wing Aircraft Hydrant refuelling is not available at Townsville International Airport. Refuelling must cease before a jet aircraft on an adjacent bay may power out. In general, passengers should be disembarked prior to the commencement of fuelling, however circumstances might prevail where this is deemed to be impractical and in such cases, these guidelines will be adhered to:      

Evacuation plan must be designed to enable the most rapid evacuation of passengers from the aircraft should the need arise. The ground area into which passengers would evacuate must be kept clear of equipment and obstacles. Vehicles attending the aircraft must not impede access to the site by Aviation Rescue Fire Fighting (ARFF) vehicles and personnel, or the path of passengers evacuating the aircraft. Include appropriate attendance of ARFF. In the case of medical flights, take into account the ability, or inability, of the patient and attendant staff to effect a rapid evacuation from the aircraft. Take into account the ability of those whose mobility is impaired to effect a rapid evacuation from the aircraft.

6.22.5. Refuelling Rotary-Wing Aircraft Passengers should not remain on the helicopter whilst fuelling is in progress with engines or rotors running if the only normal exit is on the same side as the fuelling points. Only under special circumstances, where there is a written agreement on file with Airport Operations between the fuel provider and aircraft operator. Each and every case must be reported to Airport Operations in enough time to allow for mobilisation of ARFF, in which case all main exits should be available for immediate use and the external area adjacent to the exits should be kept clear.

6.23. Spill Containment and Clean-up Procedures All operators at Townsville Airport must take the following action in the event of a spill:  Ensure the safety of people – move people and equipment away from the immediate vicinity of the spill if it is safe to do so.  Assess the spill –Establish whether you have the right equipment to deal with the material spilt.  Assess the location – establish whether there are any drains nearby that need protection and determine whether any material has entered the drains.  Control the spill – stop the spill from spreading by placing absorbent material in a down-slope position and by blocking stormwater inlets.

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 

Clean up the spill – apply absorbent material, sweep up residue and place it in a container for disposal. If soil has been contaminated, dig up the affected soil and place it in a container for disposal. Dispose of contaminated spill response materials or soil to an appropriately licensed waste facility. Retain a copy of the waste disposal certificates for your records.

6.26. Apron Spill Procedure 6.26.1. Controlling a spill If possible, position yourself upwind of the spill. Ignition sources must be turned off as soon as possible, especially if you don’t know the nature of the spill. Move away from the fuel source before switching any ignition sources off. Example of ignition sources are:  Cigarette lighters.  Portable radios.  Mobile phones.  Camera flashes.  Safety matches.  Motor vehicles. Turn leaking valves and pumps off to stop further leakage if it is safe to do so. Emergency showers and eyewash stations are available along the length of the apron should they be required.

6.26.2. Containing the spill – Minor Spill Absorbent materials absorb liquid spills to prevent or minimise the amount of spill entering stormwater drains, reduce pavement damage and to provide a safer working environment. Emergency spill kits are available on each aircraft parking bay on the RPT apron and available through contacting the TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officer (callsign ‘Safety One’) on all other areas of the airfield. Airport users should have their own emergency spill kits for cleaning up minor spills.

6.26.3. Containing the spill – Major Spill Contact Aviation Rescue Fire Fighting Services and TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officer (callsign ‘Safety One’) immediately.

6.26.4. Sewerage Spill Major sewage spills should not be handled for health reasons. These spills are to be reported immediately to the TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officers (callsign ‘Safety One’) who in turn arrange TAPL Groundstaff who manage the clean up.

6.26.5. Cleaning up the Spill Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn when handling sewage, fuel, oil and hazardous substances. PPE includes gloves, goggles and disposable coveralls and are available in the spill kits. All airport staff shall also comply with the airport minimum PPE requirements and their company’s PPE Policy and/or procedures. Absorbent material must be used to contain the spill and to prevent or minimise the amount of spill that will damage pavement, create a safety hazard or pollute stormwater drains. Airport Groundstaff must be called to clean the ground surface after the absorbent materials have absorbed most of the spill if the pavement is slippery.

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6.26.6. Disposal of Spill Waste Depending on the nature of the spill, it may produce hazardous waste. All saturated absorbent material must be put in purpose-built sealed plastic bags to prevent the material from leaking. Spill waste bins are located on each parking bay on the RPT apron. Spills in other areas of the airfield must be reported to the Aerodrome Reporting Officer who can assist with the disposal of the spill waste. All contaminated absorbent material requires disposal at an approved disposal facility. Airport Groundstaff must be notified if the spill waste bins are used so that the product can be removed.

6.27. Reporting Spills All spills MUST be reported. Minor Spills - (less than 2m2) call the TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officers (Callsign ‘Safety One’) on 0418 771 999. Major Spills - (greater than 2m2 or a spill that enters a below ground structure) call the Aviation Rescue Fire Fighting Service on 07 4759 1899 and TAPL Aerodrome Reporting Officers (Callsign ‘Safety One’) on 0418 771 999. A Hazard/Near Miss Form, available from Airport Operations, must be completed. A copy of this form can be located on the Townsville Airport Website at http://www.townsvilleairport.com.au/regulatory/compliance-and-safety/.

6.28. Spill Response Equipment All airport operators are required to maintain sufficient spill response equipment to manage the type and size of spills that may occur at their premises, or in association with their work. There are a variety of spill response equipment available. The type and quantity of fuel, oil and chemicals you use and store at your facility will determine the type and quantity of spill response equipment you require. Spill response material designed to target specific substances is commercially available. For example, absorbent mats and booms designed to absorb hydrocarbons (fuel and oil) and allow water to pass through are available. Spill Response Equipment can include:  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – gloves, coveralls, goggles and boots  Absorbent materials such as bunds and booms, socks and mats etc.  Absorbent Granules.  Stormwater Drain Caps.  Portable Bunds.  Disposal bags or containers.  Brush and dustpan. In facilities where small amounts (