FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH 3 HONORS SUMMER READING ASSIGNMENT MS. BENNETT AND MRS. HOLMES

English 3 Honors is introductory college level work. The course is designed to prepare students for the SAT and ACT exams as well as prepare students for the AP English Literature course during their senior year. English 3 Honors is an intense survey of American literature in which themes, methods of characterization and the authors' use of language and rhetorical techniques will be studied. The English 3 Honor student will be challenged to develop critical thinking skills. Essays, literary papers, autobiographical/biographical narratives, and a research paper are required. Summer reading is required.

Over the summer, you will be responsible for reading The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. In addition to reading, you must complete the following assignments: 1. It is important to understand the background information of the author in order to appreciate the purpose of the novel. READ AND STUDY the attached background information on Mark Twain. 2. READ AND STUDY the information on “The Picaresque Novel and Huckleberry Finn” handout. This list includes new elements of literature that are important for our progressive study of literature. 3. Read and study the information given on “MARK TWAIN: America’s Humorist” Introduction to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in Context with Realism” 4. Read and study the information on the “Satire” handout. Being able to identify and comprehend the purpose of Satire is a main goal of this unit.  

Be prepared for an exam on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn during the first week of school. Be prepared for an In-Class 40 minute timed essay on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn during the second week of school.

Please note that I expect you to always annotate your texts and to make connections between themes, satire, motifs, symbols, imagery, etc.

Helpful Hints:  The novel is available at our library. If you prefer to have your own copy so that you can annotate as you wish, you may purchase the novel at any bookstore. If you own a Nook or another form of e-book, the books may be available as free downloads.  The language of Huck Finn will be difficult to understand at times; this problem is normal and is not cause for alarm. Reading the passage out loud makes a big difference, even if you feel stupid doing so.

Ms. Bennett, Room 105

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors

Ms. Bennett, Room 105

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors

Ms. Bennett, Room 105

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors

The Beginning of the Picaresque Narrative and Huckleberry Finn 1.

Novel – is now applied to a great variety of writings that have in common only the attribute of being extended works of fiction written in prose. Novels permit a greater variety of characters, a greater complication of plot (or plots), and ampler development of milieu (setting), and more sustained exploration of character and motives.

2.

Picaresque narrative – actually came before the “novel.” It emerged in sixteenth-century Spain. “Picaro” is Spanish for “rogue,” and a typical story concerns the escapades of an insouciant rascal who lives by his wits and shows little if any alteration of character through the long succession of his adventures.

3.

Picaresque fiction is realistic in manner, episodic in structure and often satiric in aim.

4.

Episodic means composed of a sequence of events held together largely because they happened to one person.

5.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huck Finn by Mark Twain are picaresque-type novels.

6.

Novels may have any kind of plot form-tragic, comic, satiric, or romantic. There are two basic types of prose fiction: the realistic novel (which is the novel proper) and the romance.

7.

The Realistic Novel - Mark Twain wrote in the Realist tradition. Realist authors attempt to portray life accurately. Furthermore, Twain reflects Regionalism in his writing [see regionalism below]. As a Realist, Twain criticizes the Romantics. The Romantics based their literature on the conviction that imagination and emotion were superior to reason. You will recall that in Chapters 12 & 13, Twain names the wrecked steamboat The Walter Scott after a Romantic author, metaphorically relating it to the demise of Romanticism. Obviously, Twain was not a fan of Romantic fiction.

8.

Romantic Novel – the author usually is said to present life as we would like to have it. Romantic novels are typically more adventurous or heroic than usual. The protagonist undergoes mysterious or extraordinary adventures.

9.

There are other subclasses of the novel. Two of these subclasses are Bildungsroman and Erziehungsroman are German terms signifying “novel of formation” or “novel of education.”

10.

The subject of Bildungsroman and Erziehungsroman is the development of the protagonist’s mind and character, in the passage from childhood through varied experiences—and often through a spiritual crisis—into maturity. This usually involves the recognition of one’s identity and role in the world. Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huck Finn is considered to be of the Bildungsroman subclass.

11.

Colloquial Language – (aka colloquialism) An expression used in informal conversation but not accepted universally in formal speech or writing (slang).

12.

Regionalism – literary focus on a specific geographic section. Regionalists depict particular geographical areas in their literature through settings, character attitudes and behavior as well as dialogue.

13.

Local Color Writer – An author’s writing which exploits the speech, dress, mannerisms, habits of thought, and topography pertaining to a certain region. The main focus of local color writers – people and lifestyles of a geographic setting.

14.

Irony – (general terminology) recognition of a reality that is different from its appearance. a. b. c. d. e.

15.

Verbal Irony – expression through words which carry an opposite meaning (not to be confused with sarcasm, which is a much harsher type of humor and “cuts at the knees”). Dramatic Irony – is so called because it is often used on stage. In this kind of irony, a character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better. Situational Irony – takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen. Cosmic Irony - Cosmic irony of fate or destiny. The situation is out of the character(s) control. Tragedy of fate Note: Irony is much more “tongue in cheek”. It is a lighter form of humor.

Comic Relief – A humorous scene, incident, or speech usually introduced to provide “relief” from emotional intensity. (Shakespeare frequently employed comic relief throughout his plays.)

Ms. Bennett, Room 105

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors

MARK TWAIN: America’s Humorist Introduction to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in Context with Realism General Notes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered Twain's greatest masterpiece. Combining his raw humor and startlingly mature material, Twain developed a novel that directly attacked many of the traditions the South held dear at the time of its publication. Huckleberry Finn is the main character, and through his eyes, the reader sees and judges the South, its faults, and its redeeming qualities. Huck’s companion Jim, a runaway slave, provides friendship and protection while the two journey along the Mississippi on their raft. Believe it or not, Huck Finn was banned in several libraries after its publication. Among libraries that issued a ban on the novel were Denver and Concord, Massachusetts (home of the transcendentalists). While many Americans saw Huck Finn as a great comic novel, it was full of satire that represented Twain’s criticism of current social values and norms with which he disagreed. While presenting a realistic snapshot of 19th century southern life, Twain included brutality and terror in his story of Huck and Jim’s adventures on their beloved Mississippi River. Considering the juxtaposition of romantic humor and biting satire, Huck Finn can be seen as both a comedy and a tragedy. Huck Finn is more or less a tall tale. The protagonist, Huckleberry Finn, a social outcast whose realistic, practical sense is brought into focus by his foil, Tom Sawyer, a romantic guided by books he doesn’t quite understand. One important element of realistic writing is that characters typically struggle with some type of moral dilemma. Moral dilemmas typically occur when someone must make a decision that does not always benefit themselves, but is the right thing to do. Huck Finn must deal with several moral dilemmas throughout his adventures. Historical Context     

1835-1845 1863 1865 1885 End of 19th Century

setting of Huck Finn Emancipation Proclamation issued Civil War ends Huck Finn published (American edition) Industrial Revolution o People left rural homes for opportunities In urban cities o U.S. economy more focused on factory production (not farming and agriculture)

Literary Context I. Period of Upheaval (literary civil war) o

Writers used character and plot development to state personal philosophies about how much control mankind has over his own destiny o Emerson celebrated the ability of the human will to triumph over adversity (individual as a god) o Twain claimed humanity’s freedom of choice was limited by the power of outside forces (individual as a person) II. Concentration of Writing o Realists concentrated on writing of select groups o factory workers o stories of black life o views of marriage and women’s roles o Writing became regional o people feared loss of local folkways and traditions o realists set stories in specific regions (to capture the “local color”)  showed the breakdown of traditional values  plight of the urban poor  included regional dialects/extensive dialogue  plot built around ordinary lives  readers were attracted because they saw their lives in print  writing communicated the complexity of the human experience “All modern literature comes from Huck Finn” (Ernest Hemingway) I.

Twain as a Humorist o satire (the use of irony or sarcasm in exposing foolishness) o irony

Ms. Bennett, Room 105

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors

II.

III.

Twain as Social Critic o antebellum South o slavery o critical of current social values o critical of current government Twain as Realist o Elements of domestic comedy and melodrama o Clever rogues and adventures o Mississippi River lowlife characters depicted with magical romance o realistic language (dialect)

Character Types (Twain’s comparison of Romanticism & Realism) o

o

o

Tom (Romantic) o embodies what society values o accepts values; lets cultural norms override common sense o looks “silly” (Twain’s criticism of current societal values) Huck (Realist) o thinks for himself o questions everything o very “realistic” character Jim o used as a tool to demonstrate Huck’s internal battle

SATIRE 1. Definition: A written poem or prose work which ridicules a person, tradition, social institution, or human nature with the intention of raising awareness or effecting change. It is a literary manner that blends critical attitude with humor and wit. True satirists are conscious of the frailty of human institutions and attempt, through laughter, to inspire remodeling these institutions (not tear them down).

A. Satire is ridiculing human foolishness or wrong-doings—and it ultimately holds a moral. B. The sting of satire is meant to cure the human race of its pretensions and blindness. A satirist wants to reform the world. The satirist’s premise C.

is that when an unacceptable situation is exposed to ridicule and laughter, it cannot last very long. Satire usually has a definite target, which may be a person or group of people, an idea or attitude, an institution or a social practice.

2. Approaches: Depending on the nature of the vice or evil under attack and on the writer's feelings about it, the satirist may develop one of two kinds of tone: A. Bemusement: The satirist may be the detached bemused critic with no deep desire to effect change since the vices or follies are not destructive: i.e., the vices result from the obtuseness or stupidity of people, the superficiality and meaninglessness of their lives, and the barrenness and lack of substance in their values. Usually, there is fun and some hurt in this kind of satire, but no one is seriously affected. Mark Twain, Geoffrey Chaucer and Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice) represent this category. B. Anger: When the vices and follies or people who exhibit them are intolerable and enraging, the satirist may lash out with bitterness and fury. George Orwell (1984 and Animal Farm) and Jonathan Swift (Gulliver's Travels) fall into this category. 3. Tools of Satire: A satirist may use any or all of the following literary devices:  Exaggeration-To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen.  Incongruity-To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to their surroundings.  Reversal -To present the opposite of the normal order (e.g., the order of events hierarchical order).  Parody-To imitate the techniques and/or style of some person, place or thing.  Wit- denotes a kind of verbal expression which is brief, deft, and intentionally contrived to produce shock of comic surprise  Humor- may be ascribed to either a comic utterance or to a comic appearance or mode of behavior. [This differs from wit in that wit is intended by the speaker to be serious whereas humor is intended by the speakers to be serious. For example, the Nurse’s chatter in Romeo and Juliet is verbose, and humorous to the audience but not to the speaker.)  Irony (dramatic, situational, verbal, or cosmic) [Definitions below]  Sarcasm-is a form of irony, but is more crude and taunting in its apparent praise for dispraise. “Oh, you’re God’s great gift to women, you are!” The difference between irony and sarcasm is that sarcasm is more biting and has an exaggerated inflection in the speaker’s voice. Ms. Bennett, Room 105

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors

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Mockery –ridicule; scorn; disdain; humorous or satirical mimicry Mock-heroic - of or pertaining to a form of satire in which trivial subjects, characters, and events are treated in the ceremonious manner and with the elevated language and elaborate devices characteristic of the heroic style. Caricature- exaggerates or distorts, for comic effect, a person’s distinctive physical features or personality traits. This may be in verbal description or graphic art. Stereotype- to categorize individuals or groups according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea; label; typecast absurdity - a ludicrous folly; completely devoid of wisdom or good sense overstatement- making to seem more important than it really is understatement – a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said; a statement below the truth pathos – a style that has the power to evoke feelings; arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow) derision (bitter satire) – the act of treating with disrespect; scornful or contemptuous treatment which holds one up to ridicule

Significant Questions for Analysis of Satire:  What is the author’s tone?  Is it effective?

Ms. Bennett, Room 105

*What is the author’s purpose? *What is the dominant satirical device used?

Summer Reading: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

English 3 Honors