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The plethora of markings on WW2 German military equipment may not be to everyone's interest. However, we would like to share our particular interest in the marks found on items of bakelite equipment. We have combined just some of them above; found on losantine tablet tubes, a protection against blister gas attacks. These would hold around 12 tablets. Also shown are a bakelite binocular case, fuze caps, tropical water bottle cup, field telephones, fat containers etc. The markings on most pre-war items are easily identified as makers logos. However the German military, perhaps thinking ahead realised that such logos could easily provide enemy intelligence with potential targets for bombing. It was the German Federation of Electrical Engineers who first attempted to present guidelines for material classification in 1924, as many of their members were involved in the process of bakelite production. The national material proofing house (materialprüfungsamt), based in Berlin Dahlem to come up with the solution. In December 1938 the "MP" devised the common logo, around which information on the maker of the item, as well as the chemical composition of the bakelite could easily be displayed. Examples of which are to be seen above and below. The triangular logo in the centre is BEBRIT, Preßstoffwerke GmbH, Bebra und C.F. Schlothauer, Ruhla. They produced "Type S" bakelite, both maker logo and adjacent MP code appeared together. We have analysed the logo as well as the codes and provided a list of makers as well as chemical composition of the bakelite on the next page.

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Right: is an example of the Materialprüfungsamt logo. We have "broken down" the logo to make it easier to see the component parts. Below the example is shown how it was incorporated in designs. You can see here that it was often used as well as the firms logo. In July 1939 the German Government passed a law calling for all arms manufacturers to substitute their company names/logos etc with a numerical code. Later, probably around end of 1939 beginning of 1940 this was changed to the "3 letter" ordnance codes so familiar to many fellow collectors of Third Reich Militaria. Below is a list of the firm codes (the upper number in the logo).

List of Press Work Codes of the Materialprüfungsamt as of December 1938: 21. Neuyork-Hamburger Gummiwaren-Kompanie, Hamburg. 22. Bebrit-Preßstoffwerke GmbH, Bebra und C.F.Schlothauer, Ruhla. 23. Lüdenscheider Metallwerke AG, Busch-Jäger, Lüdenscheid. 24. Gebrüder Merten, Gummersbach. 25. Süddeutsche Isolatorenwerke GmbH, Freiburg. 31. Vereinigte Isolatorenwerke AG, (Viacowerke) Berlin-Pankow. 32. H.Römmler AG, Spremberg. 33. Wolff und Co KG, Walrode. 34. Siemens-Schuckertwerke, Abteilung Isolierstoffe, Berlin-Siemensstadt. 35. Heliowattwerke, Elt, AG, Berlin-Charlottenberg. 36. Gebrüder Adt AG, Ensheim-Saar. 38. Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft, Henningsdorf. 39. Dr. Deisting und Co, GmbH, Kierspe. 40. Isolawerke AG, Birkesdorf bei Duren. 43. Dynamit AG, vormals Alfred Nobel und Co, Abt. Zelluloidfabrik, Werk Troisdorf. 45. Presswerk AG, Essen. 46. Erich Wippermann, Kierspe. 50. Gebrüder Vollmerhaus, Kierspe. 51. Presswerk Winkel, Schulte und Conze, Herscheid. 53. Erst Backhaus und Co, Kierspe. 54. Ellinger und Geissler, Dorfhain, Bezirk Dresden. 55 Robert Bosch GmbH, Metallwerk, Stuttgart-Feuerbach. 56 Mendelith, H. Mende und Co., Dresden. 58 Deutsche Philips-Gesellschaft mbH, Berlin. 59 Seckelmann und Co., Lüdenscheid. 60 Gaudlitz und Kaiser, Koburg. 61 Ernst Bremicker, Ing., Kierspe. 62 Wacker und Dörr, Niederrahmstadt bei Darmstadt. 66 Hermann Ros, Koburg. 67 Bayerische Elektro-Zubehör AG, Lauf bei Nürnberg. 68 Mix und Genest AG, Berlin-Schöneberg. 70 Bisterfeld und Stolting, Radevormwald. 71 Wilhelm Geiger GmbH, Lüdenscheid. 72 Leopold Kostal, Lüdenscheid. 73 Wilhelm Quante, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. 74 Römmler und Schumann KG, Berlin-Lichterfelde. 76 Bezet-Werk Hermann Buchholz, Motzen, Kreis Teltow. 78 Hugo Krieger und Faudt, Berlin. 79 Linden und Co, Lüdenscheid. 80 Gebrüder Berker, Schalksmühle.

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81 82 83 84 85 86 87 90 93

Pressstoffwerk Paul Schnake, Schöppenstedt. Paul Teich, Berlin. Christian Geyer, Nürnberg. Gebrüder Vedder KG, Schalksmühle. Theodor Krägeloh und Co., Dahlerbrück. Presswerk Kraus und Steidel, Berlin. Paul Hochköpper und Co., Lüdenscheid. Firma Thormann, Berlin. Porzellanfabrik Bernhardhütte GmbH, Blechhammer bei Sonneberg.

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94 Thega-Kontakt GmbH, Berlin. 95 Ericher Jäger KG, Homburg. 98 Elt. Fabrik Weber und Co., Kranichfeld. 99 Friedrich Dörscheln, Lüdenscheid. A3 Volkenrath und Co, Schwenke. A4 Deutsche Legritgesellschaft mbH, Berlin. A8 Lindner und Co., Jecha-Sondershausen. E2 Vossloh-Werke GmbH, Werdohl. E4 Paul Jatow, Dodendorf bei Magdeburg. E7 Gebrüder Spindler KG, Köppelsdorf. E8 Graewe und Co., Menden, Kreis Iserlohn. E9 Lohmann und Welschehold, Meinerzhagen. E0 J. Carl GmbH, Oberweimar. F1 Alusil-Preßstoffwerk Eugen Gaßmann, Probstzella. F2 Franz Stauch, Unterrodach. F4 Robert Anke, Porzellanfabrik, Ölsnitz, Vogtland. F5 Max Schulze, Meissen. F8 Gebrüder Borghammer, Schramberg. F9 Wester, Elbinghaus und Co. Hanau. F0 Otto Backhaus und GmbH, Bollwerk. H1 Casp. Arn. Winkhaus, Carthausen. H2 Emil Adolff, Reutlingen. H3 Otto Langmann, Hagen. H4 Gerdes und Co., Schwelm (später Gerda Plastic). H7 Gebrüder von der Horst, Lüdenscheid. H8 Friemann und Wolff GmbH in Zwickau. H9 Schulze, Schneider und Dort GmbH, Schönow bei Berlin. L1 Hoppmann und Mulsow, Hamburg. L2 Isopresswerk GmbH, Berlin-Oberschöneweide. L3 Thiel und Schuchardt, Metallwarenfabrik AG, Ruhla. L4 Meirowsky und Co, Porz am Rhein. L5 Porzellanfabrik Theodor Pohl, Schatzlar. L6 Krone und Co, Berlin. L7 Brökelmann, Jäger und Busse, Neheim. L8 H. Bodenmüller, Ing.,Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen. L9 Robert Karst, Berlin. L0 Gebrüder Reiher KG, Braunschweig. M1 Bender und Wirth, Kierspe. M2 Österreichische Siemens.Schuckertwerke, Wien. M3 Carl Germer, Berlin. M4 Kronacher Porzellanfabrik Stockhardt und Schmidt-Eckert, Kronach. M5 Richard Giersiepen, Bergisch Born. M6 Kaiser und Spelsberg, Schalksmühle. M7 Frankl und Kirchner, Mannhein-Neckarau. M8 Storch und Stehmann GmbH, Ruhla. M9 Jos. Mellert, Bretten. M0 Carl Friedrich Lübold, Lüdenscheid. N1 Sursum Elt.-Gesellschaft, Leyhausen und Co., Nürnberg. N2 Adolf Vedder KG, Schalksmühle. N4 Paul Jordan, Berlin-Steglitz. N5 M. Hildebrandt und E. Hammerschmidt, Brand-Erbisdorf. N6 Kurt Postel, Köln, Höhenberg. N7 Cuno Heinzelmann-Hassberg, Berlin. N8 Ernst Maté, Wien. N9 Karl Potthof, Solingen-Ohlings. T1 Gustav Branscheid und Co., Lüdenscheid. T2 Willi Burgbacher, Neukirch-Baden. T3 Karl Wegner, Berlin. T4 Bamberger Industrie-Gesellschaft, Bamberg. T6 Jaroslaw's erste Glimmerwarenfabrik, Berlin-Weissensee. T7 Fritz Heublein, Neustadt bei Koburg. T8 Agalitwerk Milspe, Kattwinkel und Co, Milspe. T9 WG Petersen und Co, Wandsbeck. T0 Wilhelm Kötter, Unna. U1 Feba Fabrik elektrische Bedarfsartikel, Stückrath-KG, Berlin. U2 J. Preh junior, Neustadt-Saale. U3 Alois Zettler GmbH, München. U4 Schneider und Co, Breslau, Gr. Ohlewiesen. U5 Karl Buchdrucker, München. U6 Fresen und Co., Lüdenscheid. V7 Carl Walther, Waffenfabrik, Zella-Mehlis. V8 Julius Kräcker AG, Berlin. V9 Gebrüder Klein, Nürnberg.

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V0 Weisse und Co. Gräfental. W1 Heinrich Kopp GmbH, Sonneberg.

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W2 Bonner Keramik AG, Bonn. W3 Dralowidwerk der Steatit-Magnesia AG, Teltow. W5 Hans G. Voigtel, Auma-Thüringen. W6 Blumberg und Co, Lintord bei Düsseldorf. W7 Ernst Albert Senf, Bautzen. W8 Heinrich Knöll, Gross-Bieberau. W9 August Hessmert, Brügge. W0 Otto Single, Ing., Plochingen. X1 W. Stiefelding, Berlin. X3 Kurt Wentzel, Berlin. X5 Ostland GmbH, Königsberg (Ostpreussen). X6 Julius Carl Görler, Berlin. X7 Kugella vorm. Max Roth GmbH, Mittelschmalkalden. X8 Ernst Gomolka, Zehdenick. X9 Ernst Gösser, Iserlohn. X0 Richard Rinker GmbH, Menden. In addition to the maker codes listed above and on the previous pages there at least another 100 further makers which we have, as yet to identify. Below we list the chemical composition types of bakelite items. This is the letter or number that appears in the lower part of the Materialprüfungsamt logo. In the case of the example shown here you can see that it is an "S", denoting that the bakelite comprises of a wood flour (sawdust) filler. Type1 Carbolic Resin (Bakelite) with inorganic (mineral based) filler. Type 2 Synthetic material with Asbestos or alternatively an organic filler. Type 3 Kunstharz with Asbestos or alternatively an organic filler. Type 4 Bitumen with Asbestos or alternatively an organic filler. Type 6 Natural resin or Bitumen with an inorganic filler. Type 7 Natural resin or Bitumen with an inorganic filler. Type 8 Bitumen with an inorganic filler. Type A A Cellulose mixture with some other sort of filler. Type K Believed to be a urine based compound with an organic filler. Type M Carbolic Resin (Bakelite) with an inorganic (mineral based) filler, possibly asbestos? Type O Carbolic Resin (Bakelite) with wood dust/sawdust (wood flour) filler. Type S Carbolic Resin (Bakelit) with wood dust/sawdust (wood flour) filler. Type T Carbolic Resin (Bakelite) with a textile based filler. Type X A silica cement compound with Asbestos or alternatively an organic filler. Type Y A Lead and ash filler. Type Z Carbolic Resin (Bakelite) with a woodpulp filler. I hope that visitors find these codes useful in helping to identify their items of military equipment. We welcome any feedback or additional makers codes if you find them! We thank Kay Meiners in Germany for helping us

share this crucial information with visitors.

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