EnergyCodeCompliance: WoodͲFrameBuildingsandtheIECC

Presented22May2014byAndrewKlein,P.E. y y ,

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© A S Klein Engineering Engineering, PLLC 2014

“TheWoodProductsCouncil”is aRegisteredProviderwithThe AmericanInstituteofArchitects ContinuingEducationSystems (AIA/CES),Provider#G516.

Credit(s)earnedoncompletion ofthiscoursewillbereportedto AIA CES for AIA members AIACESforAIAmembers. CertificatesofCompletionfor bothAIAmembersandnonͲAIA membersareavailableupon request request.

Thiscourseisregisteredwith AIACES forcontinuing professionaleducation.As such,itdoesnotinclude contentthatmaybedeemed orconstruedtobean approvalorendorsementby theAIAofanymaterialof constructionoranymethodor mannerof handling,using,distributing, ordealinginanymaterialor product. __________________________________ _________

Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials, methods,andserviceswillbeaddressed attheconclusionofthispresentation.

CourseDescription This presentation focuses on the challenges of meeting 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) requirements in modern woodͲframe wood frame buildings, buildings as well as related design considerations. Topics will include the code’s scope, content and significant i ifi t changes h since i th 2009 edition. the diti Compliance path options will also be discussed in the context of building systems and d features. f t

LearningObjectives 1. Discuss the scope, purpose and requirements of the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) to aid designers in their understanding of minimum efficiency requirements affecting energy consumption and environmental performance improvement of buildings 2. Identify significant changes between the 2009 and 2012 IECC 3. Consider the various paths of compliance with the IECC when designing a woodͲframe building bridging the gap between code and application 4 Identify 4. Id tif solutions l ti t common design to d i and d construction issues related to energy code requirements

PurposeoftheIECC • •

•

Modelcode DevelopedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil(ICC) • Private,nonprofitorganization Private nonprofit organization • ICCisindependentofjurisdictions Localgovernmentsadoptamodelbuildingcode: • Time Ti • Expense • Expertise

PurposeoftheIECC • • •

UpdatedonathreeͲyearcycle Consensusprocess Anymemberofthepubliccansubmitacodechangeproposalfor consideration.

PurposeoftheIECC Adoptedby: • FortyͲsixstates • DC • PuertoRico • U.S.VirginIslands Exceptions: • California • Oklahoma • Minnesota • Indiana

IECCClimateZones ClimateZone • IECCclassifieseachgeographiclocation1Ͳ8 • Basedonhistorical: • Heatingandcoolingclimatepatterns • Amountofprecipitation

• •

LowerCZs– Southern HigherCZs– Northern

IECCClimateZones

ScopeoftheIECC • The2012IECCissplitintotwosections: • Residentialsection Residential section ƒ 1&2FamilyDetached ƒ Townhouses ƒ R RͲ2, 2,R RͲ3 3&R & RͲ4 4buildingsч3storiesabove buildings ч 3 stories above grade • Commercialsection ƒ Allotheroccupancies • IllinoisEnergyConservationCode Illi i E C i C d • Buildingsinmunicipalities(popш1MM) ƒ Residentialbuilding – Oneormoredwellingunits One or more dwelling units – ч4storiesabovegrade – Occupantsprimarilypermanent

ScopeoftheIECC • Commercialbuildingscontainingresidentialoccupancies ƒ SingledͲoutinSectionC402 ƒ Morestringentbuildingenveloperequirements

ScopeoftheIECC • IECCiswrittentoapplytonewconstruction • Additions,alterations,renovationsandrepairs • Toexistingbuildings • Buildingsystems ƒ Newconstructionalonecomplies New construction alone complies ƒ EntirenewlyͲalteredbuildingcomplies • IECCSectionC101.4.3lists8exceptions ƒ Replacementofwindows/doors ƒ Reroofing ƒ Replacinglights/luminaires Replacing lights/luminaires ƒ Alterationsexposingbuildingcavity

ScopeoftheIECC FullCompliancewithIECC • Achangeinoccupancyoruseincreasestheuseoffossilfuels • e.g., Office Space Ͳ>>Restaurant e.g.,OfficeSpace Restaurant • AdditionofspaceconditioningtoanonͲconditionedspace RequiresCompliancewithLightingWattageRequirements(C405.5) • Almostanychangeinoccupancyoruse Exemptfromcompliancewiththe2012IECC • Historic buildings as defined by C101 4 2 Historicbuildings,asdefinedbyC101.4.2 MajorareasthattheIECCregulates ƒ Thebuildingenvelope ƒ Lightingsystems ƒ Mechanicalsystems ƒ SpaceͲconditioning ƒ Service water heating Servicewaterheating

PathsofCompliance ArchitectshavemultiplepathsofcompliancewiththeIECC • Prescriptive • Performance • ASHRAE90.1 • AboveͲCodePrograms CertainsectionsoftheIECCaredeemedmandatory ƒ Airleakageinthethermalenvelope(C402.4) ƒ Spaceconditioningandventilation(C403.2) p g ( ) ƒ Servicewaterheating(C404) ƒ Electricalpowerandlightingsystems (fivesubsectionsofC405) ASHRAE90.1hasitsownmandatorysections

PrescriptivePath • Simplestandmostcommon SmallͲtoͲmoderately to moderatelysizedbuildings sized buildings • Small • Allcomponentsmustmeetaprescribedsetof requirements • OnanIndividualbasis • Buildingenvelope(C402) • Buildingmechanicalsystems(C403) ld h l ( ) • Servicewaterheating(C404) • Electricalpowerandlightingsystems(C405) Electrical power and lighting systems (C405)

PrescriptivePath Section

Option1

Option2

C402– Building Envelope

C402.1.1– RͲvalue

C402.1.2– UͲfactor Alternative

C403– Building Mechanical Systems

C403.3– Simple Systems

C403.3– Complex Systems

C404– Service WaterHeating

MandatoryProvisions

C405– Electrical Power&Lighting

MandatoryProvisions +BuildingArea Method

C406– Additional C406.2– Efficient EnergyPackage HVACPerformance

Option3

MandatoryProvisions +SpaceͲbyͲSpace Method C406.3– Efficient LightingSystem

C406.4– Onsite SupplyofRenewable Energy

TotalBuildingPerformancePath • • • •

SectionC407 Energycostsatleast15%lowerthancomparablebuildingofa standardreferencedesign All Allowsgreaterflexibility t fl ibilit Requiresconsiderablymoreeffort

p Compliancesoftwaretools • SectionC407.4.1 • Commercialprograms • FreePrograms • Generatereports Generate reports • Annualenergycostsoftheproposeddesign • Annualenergycostsofthestandardreferencedesign g g p • Checklistdocumentingeachbuildingcomponentcharacteristic ThemandatorysectionsoftheIECCarestillrequiredtobemet

TotalBuildingPerformancePath

ASHRAE90.1Alternative PrescriptiveandperformanceͲbasedcompliancepaths Chapter

Option1

Option2

5– BuildingEnvelope

PrescriptiveBuilding Envelope

BuildingEnvelopeTradeͲoff

6– Heating,Ventilation, and A/C andA/C

6.3– SimplifiedApproach

6.4&6.5– Mandatory Provisions & Prescriptive Provisions&Prescriptive

7– ServiceWater Heating

MandatoryProvisions& Prescriptive

8– Power

MandatoryProvisions

9 – Lighting 9

9 5 – BuildingAreamethod 9.5 Building Area method

9 6 – Space 9.6 SpaceͲbyͲspace by spacemethod method

AboveͲCodePrograms SectionC102.1.1 Alternate Means AlternateMeans Subjecttoapprovalbycodeofficial gy y National,stateorlocalenergyefficiency program • Requiredtocomplywiththemandatory sectionoftheIECC ti f th IECC • Fullcomplianceandaccreditationwiththe chosen program chosenprogram

• • • •

SummaryofCompliancePaths BoththeIECCandASHRAE90.1 • AllowaperformanceͲbasedcompliancepath • Havemandatoryrequirements AboveͲcodeprograms • Varysignificantly V i ifi l • Uptothecodeofficialtoallowtheequivalency

SignificantDifferencesBetweenPaths IECCandASHRAE90.1PrescriptivePaths • Similarbutnotidentical • DifferencesinRequirements • Exceptionstocertainrequirements • Designersshouldchecktherequirementsin both • Builtmoreefficiently Less expensively • Lessexpensively

SignificantDifferencesBetweenPaths ASHRAE90.1 • WindowͲtoͲwallratioupto40% Wi d t ll ti t 40% • Skylightroofareaupto5% The2012IECC • WindowͲtoͲwallratioupto30% • Skylightroofareaupto3% • Withexceptions *HowwallisdefinedfurtherlimitsIECCarea* ASHRAE90.1requiresthattheSfaçadehavea greaterfenestrationareathantheEorW

SignificantDifferencesBetweenPaths 40 ft 40ft

IECC: AboveͲGradeWallArea: 22 ft x40ft 22ft x 40 ft =880ft 880 ft2 5ft x4ft WindowArea: 5ft x4ft x6=120ft2 FFenestrationArea: i A 120ft2 /440ft2 =14%

22ft

ASHRAE: 34ft GrossWallArea: G W ll A 34ft x40ft =1360ft2 WindowArea: 5ft x4ft x6=120ft2 FenestrationArea: 120ft2 /440ft2 =9%

BelowGrade 12ft

SignificantDifferencesBetweenPaths HVACCommissioning • IECCtotalbuildingthresholdof480,000Btu/hr IECC t t l b ildi th h ld f 480 000 Bt /h outputforspacecooling • Buildingsover16,000ft2,assuming400ft2 / ton of cooling tonofcooling • ASHRAE90.1buildingthresholdof50,000ft2 IECChasmorestringentrequirementsfor: g q • Economizers • Fanmotors • Additionalefficiencypackageoption(C406) yp g p ( ) ASHRAEhasmorestringentrequirementsfor: • Prescriptivelightingpowerlimits(Section9) p g gp

SignificantChangesinthe2012IECC Intentofthe2012IECC– save15%inenergycosts over2009code 2009 d g g Severalsignificantchanges • Opaquethermalenveloperequirementshave beentightened • Maximumareaofverticalfenestration(windows) Maximum area of vertical fenestration (windows) decreasedfrom40%to30%(SectionC402.3.1) • CZs1Ͳ6areallowed40%ifcertain requirements are met requirementsaremet ƒ Automaticdaylightingcontrols

SignificantChangesinthe2012IECC ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Enclosedspacesgreaterthan10,000ft2 15listeduses Ceilingsgreaterthan15ft l h f Directlyunderaroof 50%offloorareaasadaylightzoneunderskylights DetailsandexceptionsinSectionC402.3.2,Minimumskylight fenestrationarea

SignificantChangesinthe2012IECC ƒ Continuousairbarrieraroundthethermal building envelope (C402 4 1) buildingenvelope(C402.4.1) ƒ Appropriatelysealedatallseamsjoints, penetrations,andrecesses.Thisisanew, mandatory requirement mandatoryrequirement ƒ ExceptionforCZs1Ͳ3 ƒ SectionC406 ƒ Additionalefficiencypackageoption ƒ Prescriptivepath ƒ SectionC408 Section C408 ƒ Detailssystemcommissioningforbuilding systems

CommonDesignConsiderations Allsystemsandcomponentsareintegratedfor: • OccupantComfort • Safety • Aesthetics • Overallenergyperformance EEachfeaturemustbedesignedwiththe hf b d i d ih h considerationofthebuildingasawhole Thefollowingdiscussionsdealwithspecificenergy coderelatedissues

BuildingEnvelopeTradeoff Theprescriptiverequirements • DependentupontheCZ • Twoprescriptivecompliancepaths • TablesC402.1.2,C402.2andC402.3 UtilizingTableC402.2isthemostcommonlyͲ U ili i T bl C402 2 i h l followedpath

BuildingEnvelopeTradeoff

BuildingEnvelopeTradeoff UͲfactoralternativepath(TableC402.1.2) • Portionsofeachcomponentofthebuilding envelopemayexceedthemaximumUͲfactor • AreaͲweightedUͲfactor mustcomply • Includesthermal Includes thermal performanceofopaque doorassemblies • Doorshavingless than50%glassarea

BuildingEnvelopeTradeoff

BuildingEnvelopeTradeoff TableC402.3 • Thermalperformancerequirementsoffenestration • Otherthanopaquedoors Other than opaque doors • AreaͲweightedaverageUͲfactorsarepermittedtosatisfythe requirementsofeachproductcategorylisted • Fixedfenestration Fixed fenestration • Operablefenestration • Entrancedoors • Skylights • EntrancedoorsareallowedahigherUͲfactor

BuildingEnvelopeAirLeakage Fullbuildingtest • Measuresairleakage • Seriesoffansissetup indoorway • Rarelyperformedon Rarely performed on commercial construction • Simplerpathsof Simpler paths of complianceexist • Optionifnontraditional airbarriermaterials b l areused

BuildingEnvelopeAirLeakage BuildingAirLeakageRequirementsͲ SectionC402.4 • Mandatory • Continuousairbarrier Continuous air barrier • ExceptionsforClimateZones1,2and3 • Fenestrationassembles– IECCTableC402.4.3 • Recessedlights Recessed lights – 2.0cfm 2 0 cfm • TestedinaccordancewithASTME283 Fenestration Assembly

Maximum Rate Test Procedure (CFM/ft2) Windows 0.20 Sliding Doors 0.20 AAMA/WDMA/ Swinging Doors 0.20 CSA101/I.S.2/A440 Skylights – with condensation weepage 0.30 or openings p g NFRC400 Skylights – all others 0.20 Curtain walls 0.06 NFRC400 Storefront glazing 0.06 or Glazed swinging entrance doors 1.00 ASTME283at1.57 Revolving doors 1 00 1.00 psf Garage doors 0.40 ANSI/DASMA105, Rolling doors 1.00 NFRC400,or ASTME283at1.57 psf

BuildingEnvelopeAirLeakage •

MaterialsͲ>airpermeabilityч0.004cfm/ft2 • 15materialsdeemedtocomply

•

AssembliesͲ>avg.airleakagerateч0.04cfm/ft2 • 2assembliesdeemedtocomply 2 assemblies deemed to comply

•

AfullbuildingtestͲ>airleakagerateч0.40cfm/ft2

•

ASHRAE90.1hassimilarmandatoryrequirements • Differencesduetohowsomefenestrationis classified l f d ƒ e.g.,Rollingdoorsvs.nonswinging opaque doors

SemiͲHeatedSpaces

2012 IECC 2012IECC Space

AllClimate Zones

ASHRAE 90.1 ASHRAE90.1 ClimateZones 1&2

Conditioned

ClimateZones 4&5

ClimateZones 6&7

ClimateZone 8