Presented as an Online Course for the Tier 1 UTC TranLLIVE September 26, 2012
Emissions Inventory and Data
Fengxiang Qiao, PhD, Innovative Transportation Research Institute Texas Southern University
Outline Emission Inventory Importance Emission Inventory Methods Emission Factors Emission Inventory Guidance Emission Inventory Data Emission Data Collection at TSU
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Emissions Inventory Is… A database that lists, by source, the amount of air pollutants
discharged into the atmosphere of a community during a given time period
Importance of Emission Inventory An important step in an air quality management process Determine significant sources of air pollutants Establish emission trends over time Target regulatory actions, and Estimate air quality through computer dispersion modeling Including estimates of the emissions from various
pollution sources in a specific geographical area A complete inventory typically contains all regulated pollutants
Methods to Calculate Emissions Inventories Different methods are available Depends on the availability of data, time, staff and funding Typical methods Continuous monitoring to measure actual emissions Extrapolating the results from short‐term source emissions tests; and Combining published emission factors with known activity levels
Emission Factors Used to estimate emissions when actual emission data is not
available (gram/mile; gram/second; …) In most cases, these factors are simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality Generally assumed to be representative of long‐term averages for
all facilities in the source category
General emission factors are available to the public Variations in the conditions at a given facility can significantly
affect the emissions at an individual location Raw materials used, temperature of combustion, and emission
controls, etc.
The development of local emission factors is highly desirable
Calculation of Emission Factors Usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by
a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned) The general equation for emissions estimation is E = A x EF x (1‐ER/100)
E = emissions; A = activity rate; EF = emission factor, and ER =overall emission reduction efficiency, %
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Guidance on Emissions Inventory In Europe The third edition of the emission inventory guidebook (prepared by the United Nations European Environment Agency Task Force on Emissions Inventories and Projections) Provides a comprehensive guide to state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric emissions inventory methodology To support reporting under the UNECE Convention on Long‐ Range Transboundary Air Pollution and the EU directive on national emission ceilings
http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/taskforce/tfeip/welcome.html
Guidance on Emissions Inventory In New Zealand There is a Good Practice Guide for Preparing Emissions Inventories A step‐by step guide to preparing emission inventories Contains information on The purpose, process, methodology and application of emission inventory investigations
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/air/emissions-good-practice-guide-01.html
Guidance on Emissions Inventory In the U.S. EPA Clearinghouse for Inventories & Emission Factors
Contains information on emissions inventories, emissions factors, software and tools used for emissions inventories, and emissions modeling
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Chapter
IV: Mobile Sources by US DOT and US EPA
With an overview of the mobile source category and specific methods to identify and inventory sources, estimate emissions, and establish and maintain a useful, current mobile source emissions inventory
EPA's AP‐42 Documentation
On the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
National Emissions Inventory (NEI) A comprehensive and detailed estimate of air emissions of
both Criteria and Hazardous air pollutants from all air emissions sources Prepared every three years by the US EPA based primarily upon emission estimates and emission model inputs provided by State, Local, and Tribal air agencies for sources in their jurisdictions, and supplemented by data developed by the US EPA The 2008 NEI was built from emissions data in the Emissions Inventory System (EIS) http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html
National Emissions Inventory (NEI) The 2008 NEI was built from emissions data in the Emissions
Inventory System (EIS) Data from previous versions of the 2008 inventory No longer available
Version 2 April 10, 2012 Key updates are the use of the MOVES model for onroad mobile sources, a review and update of hazardous air pollutant emissions and additions of wildfires, prescribed burning and biogenic emissions. Version 1.5 Released May 16, 2011 Key updates are to include the nonpoint data and major updates to point sources in Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska, and Lincoln/Lancaster air agencies Version 1 Released April 4, 2011
Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants by EIS Emission Sectors http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html
County Level Emission Inventory
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Full Detailed Data Files The full detail data files for the Point, Onroad, Nonroad and
Nonpoint data categories can be downloaded from a drop‐ down menu. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html
These files are larger than previous inventories and can be
linked in Access if importing fails
Fusion Tables Fusion Tables (by Google) allow mapping data, creating
charts, and using tabular data, including viewing, filtering, summing, and downloading. Use the links to access the 2008 NEI data using Fusion Tables Google’s feedback link is the best way to ask for improvements since Google is trialing Fusion Tables – this link is under the gear icon at the upper right of the Fusion Table pages Facility total emissions tables and maps http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html 16
Facility Total Emissions Table for CO
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2011 National Emission Inventory Information The 2011 NEI will be built from emissions data in the
Emissions Inventory System (EIS). 2011 data submissions to EIS are due 12/31/2012
Plan Overview - provides an overview of the activities and schedule for developing the 2011 National Emissions Inventory, with the goal of producing Version 1 in the summer of 2013.
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Emissions Inventory Tools EIS Code Tables
Regulations and Guidance Air Emissions Reporting Requirements (AERR) Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) Guidance for Implementation of Ozone/PM
NAAQS/Regional Haze Regulations Emissions Statement Requirements Under 8‐Hour Ozone NAAQS Implementation http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html
Data Submissions Exchange Network Web Client
Risk and Technology Rule Submission The Risk and Technology Review (RTR) is a combined effort to evaluate both risk and technology as required by the Clean Air Act (CAA) after the application of maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standards
Emission Inventory System (EIS)
Questions
How Do I Request Access to the EIS Gateway? How Do I Update My Password? How Do I Submit a Support Request? How Do I View and Respond to Support Requests? How Do I View a List of Facilities? How Do I Use the EIS Bridge? How Do I Download My Facility Inventory Data? How Do I Submit to EIS Using the Web Client? What Checks are Run Against my EIS CERS XML File? How Do I Retrieve my Quality Assurance Feedback? EIS Flow Configuration Document? How Do I Generate an Emissions snapshot?
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eis/index.html
Troubleshooting the EIS Bridge Installation
Contacts Overall NEI Issues (team lead): Madeleine Strum ‐ (919) 541‐2383 or Madeleine Strum Facility Inventory and Point Emissions: Ron Ryan ‐ (919) 541‐4330 or Ron Ryan Nonpoint Emissions: Roy Huntley ‐ (919) 541‐1060 or Roy Huntley Onroad and Nonroad Activity and Emissions: Laurel Driver ‐ (919) 541‐2859 or Laurel Driver
Emissions Inventory Resources Emissions Inventory Improvement Program NEI User's Group Listeserv Training Software and Tools Local‐Scale Emission Inventory Development
Emissions Modeling Clearinghouse (EMCH) Designed to support and promote emission modeling
activities both internal and external to EPA Contains Particular Matter (PM) NAAQS; Mercury and Air Toxics
Standards Final Rule; Heavy Duty Greenhouse Gas Rule ‐ Emission Data; Cross‐State Air Pollution Rule Final; 2008 Based Modeling Platform; 2005 Based Modeling Platform; 2002 Based Modeling Platform; 2001 Based Modeling Platform; Emissions Modeling Software Tools; Emissions Modeling Ancillary Data (Non‐inventory data); Related Links to Emissions Modeling Resources
EPA Emissions Models and Tools EPA Emissions Models Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS) Emissions Modeling System for Hazardous Pollutants (EMS‐ HAP) NONROAD Vehicle & Engine Emission Modeling MOVES Emissions Model EPA Emissions Tool Spatial Surrogate Tool
To create spatial surrogates from shapefiles without the need for GIS. The scriptable tool is provided with the MIMS Spatial Allocator, which is available from the CMAS Center website 26
Additional Emission Software (Non‐EPA) Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) UNC Institute for the Environment, Environmental Modeling for Policy Development, University of North Carolina Consolidated Community Emissions Processing Tool
(CONCEPT) Emissions processing software with particular emphasis on
using travel demand models for onroad mobile sources and a process‐based ammonia model
International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) Model A computer model designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles that different from the U.S. and European models 27
Related Inventory Links AIR Data Web site Annual Air Quality Trends Report National‐Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) Greenhouse Gas Emissions PM2.5 Emission Inventory Resource Center Source of Air Emissions http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html
th The 20
International Emission Inventory Conference Theme "Emission Inventories ‐ Meeting the Challenges Posed by Emerging Global, National, Regional and Local Air Quality Issues" Tampa, Florida – August 13 ‐ 16, 2012 The papers, presentations, posters
and training materials have been uploaded from EIC2012 in: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/conference/ei20/index.html
More EIC Conferences in:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/conferences.html 29
Emission Testing at TSU Equipment Portable Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) to measure and evaluate vehicle turning impacts to air quality including vehicle emissions and fuel consumption and to investigate the significance of the change of emissions and fuel consumption by using different traffic control strategies
GPS
On‐road testing Since 2004 Large amount of data collected More will be on‐going Database – On‐going (incorporating with VT’s) 30
PEMS GPS
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Emission Models Based on Vehicle Activities and Emission Inventory Wireless Communication Traffic Detectors and GPS
Real Time Traffic Activity Data
Regional Air Quality Modeling Center
Emission Models
Modeling
Traffic Control Strategies
Vehicle Emissions
Calibration
Emission Inventory from PEMS
VSP is a bridge to link traffic activity data to vehicle emissions32
VSP Calculation Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) is currently used as a
media to estimate vehicle emissions
VSP 1.1 v a 9.81 grade(%) 0.132v 0.000302 v 3
Operating Mode ID
Operating Mode ID Used to Estimate Emissions Operation Mode is
Classified Based on the Values of Speed, Acceleration and VSP Operation Mode is Accepted for Use by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in Using the New Emission Estimation Model MOVES
Operating Mode Name
0
Braking: Acceleration