Elements and Principles of Design Elements:

Principles:

Line

Balance

Shape

Emphasis / Focal Point

Form

Contrast

Color

Movement

Value

Variety

Texture

Pattern, Repetition, & Rhythm

Space

Unity / Harmony

Scale / Proportion

Line A line is defined as a mark with length and direction, created by a point that moves across a surface. A line can vary in length, width, direction, curvature, and color. Contour, Diagonal, Broken, Curved, Outline, Implied, Vertical, zigzag, Horizontal, Wavy, Slanted, Continuous, Solid, Narrow, Bold

Jasper Johns, 0-9 (continuous line)

Gesture drawing

line

Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm

LINE

Andy Goldsworthy

Keith Haring

Shape Shape is an enclosed space defined by other elements of art. Shape is 2-Dimensional Shape can be: Geometric: Angular, man-made concept Organic: curvilinear - found in nature

Fernana Leger, The City

Matisse, from the series “Jazz”

Picasso, Three Musicians

FORM 3 Dimensional Form = Volume

MC Escher, Self Portrait

Vincent Van Gogh, Shoes

Tamara de Lempicka Portrait of Ira P. 1925

Value An element of art that refers to luminance or luminosity – the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is an especially important element in works of art when color is absent. This is particularly likely with drawings, printmaking, and photographs

Kathe Kollwitz, Self portrait

Value

Chuck Close (made w/ thumbprints!)

Edward Weston, Pepper (photograph)

Texture Texture refers to the surface quality or "feel" of an object, such as roughness, smoothness, or softness. Actual texture can be felt while simulated textures are implied by the way the artist renders the surface area

Oppenheim Fur-lined cup

Texture Actual

and

Implied

Albrecht Durer Rhinocerus

Golsdworthy

Color Is an element of art with three properties 1) Hue, the name of the color, e.g. red, yellow, etc. 2) Intensity or the purity and strength of the color 3) Value, or the lightness or darkness of the color

Jasper Johns, Target (primary colors)

Delauney

Primary Colors

Secondary Colors

Intermediate Colors

Complementary Colors

Piet Mondrian

Wassily Kandinsky

Warm Colors • Colors that are often described as being higher in temperature • Reds, oranges, yellows • Associated with fire and sun • Optically, appear to advance • Stimulating and passionate

Ex. Warm

Cool • Colors that are often described as being lower in temperature • Greens, Blues, and Violet • Associated with water, sky, and spring • Optically, they appear to recede • Calming and depressing

Ex. Cool

Color and Mood

Van Gogh, the Night Cafe Picasso, the Old Guitarist

Space Space is the empty or open area between, around, above, below, or within objects. Shapes and forms are made by the space around and within them. Space is often called three-dimensional or two- dimensional.

MC Escher

Two Types of Space Positive space is filled by a shape or form. Negative space surrounds a shape or form.

Space = Depth May be created by overlapping, change in scale, perspective placement, color theory, or projection toward the viewer.

David Hockney Place Furstenberg, Paris, August 7,8,9, 1985 -#11985

Balance Balance is a sense of stability in the body of work. Balance can be symmetrical (same), asymmetrical (different), or radial ( radiates from the center)

Wayne Thiebaud, Around the Cake (radial balance)

Symmetrical Balance

Diane Arbus, Twins

Symmetrical Balance

Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper 1495-1498

Asymmetrical Balance

Edgar Degas

Asymmetrical Balance

Radial Balance

Variety When elements are changed/ different in scale, color, or form.

Stuart Davis

Andy Warhol

Movement Movement is the path that directs the viewer’s eye throughout the picture plane. Often to the focal point!

Edward Munch, the Scream

Movement

Umberto Boccioni, Unique forms of continuity in space

Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending Staircase

Emphasis = Dominance The part of a composition that is emphasized, has the greatest visual weight, the most important, powerful, or has the most influence.

Emphasis & Focal Point Emphasis - Any forcefulness that gives importance to some feature or features of an artwork; something singled out, stressed, or drawn attention to by means of color, size, texture, etc. Focal Point = portion of an artwork's composition on which interest or attention centers

David Hockney

Emphasis & Focal Point

Barbara Kruger

Rene Magritte

Pattern, Rhythm, & Repetition Involves multiples of the same element. Rhythm uses one or more elements of art to repeat a sense of organized movement (like music and dancing). Repeated elements can vary in size, color, or placement. The repeated elements/symbols create a pattern. The use of repetition may be applied to all Elements of Art. A sense of motion can be created by repetition to make the artwork seem active.

William Morris Arts and Crafts Movement

Pattern & Repetition

Chuck Close, Self Portrait, detail

Contrast A large difference between two things, such as light and shadow, color and black/white

Andy Warhol

Contrast

David, the Death of Marat

Unity & Harmony The quality of wholeness, oneness, or togetherness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of design.

Claude Monet Haystacks

Unity

Cezanne Wayne Theibaud

Unity

Van Gogh “Starry Night”

What Elements and Principles stand out?

What Elements and Principles stand out?

Goya, “The 5th of May”

What Elements and Principles stand out?

Gauguin

What Elements and Principles stand out?