Electric Lighting Sources: The Lamps

Electric Lighting Sources: The Lamps Understand lamps and fixtures… Lamp Issues Efficacy Efficiency in Lumens/Watt Lumens Total output Life Hours ...
Author: Walter Bradley
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Electric Lighting Sources: The Lamps

Understand lamps and fixtures…

Lamp Issues Efficacy Efficiency in Lumens/Watt

Lumens Total output

Life Hours of use

Color How objects look

Health The effect on users

Efficacy varies with lamp type…

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…and among lamp types…

LED efficacy varies from 13 to 61 l/w for lamps up to 25 watts

LED Replacement Lamps

…drivers cause waste heat generation…

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…bottom line is w/sqft…

…and remember, dimming reduces watts/square foot

Lumens output varies with lamp type… For a 400 watt lamp… Incandescent 7,000 lumens

Mercury Vapor 20,000 lumens

Fluorescent 31,000 lumens

High Pressure Sodium 42,000 lumens

Light-Emitting Diodes unknown

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Life expectancy varies with lamp type… Incandescent 100w 750 hours (long life = 2500 hrs)

Mercury Vapor 75w 16,000 hours

Fluorescent 40w 20,000 hours

High Pressure Sodium 100w 20,000 hours

Light-Emitting Diode 24w 35,000 hours

Color varies with lamp type and within lamp type… …and we compare it to the color of daylight…

Daylight MIT model w/north light Seattle LDL demo—south light through different glazing types 

Grey T=.14

Blue T=.87

Grey T=.45

Bronze T=.21 Bronze T=.54

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Incandescent lamps— smooth curve, red bias

…remember our eyes are most sensitive to (offended by) light at wave length of 550 nanometers…

MIT model w/incandescents

Arby’s Moscow

Warm White Fluorescent

MIT Model w/warm white fluorescent

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Cool White Fluorescent

AAN w/cool white…w/daylight fluorescent

Mercury Vapor vs. Metal Halide

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HP Sodium vs. Daylight Fluorescent

High Pressure Sodium

UI Memorial Gym

LEDs

vs.

High-Pressure Sodium

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RGB LEDs allow color tuning from your smart phone.

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How to rate color rendering…

Gamit Area Index – see lrd.rpi.edu/assist

Color Quality Scale – see nist.gov/pml/div685/grp05/vision_colorcfm

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Lighting affects health and mood, ultimately productivity…

Why light therapy offers an opportunity to cope with the problems of a modern, 24-hour society --S.H.A. Begemann

• Breakthrough • Separate non-visual detection of light

• Curative Applications • Winter depression and blues • Treat jet lag and shift work symptoms

• Preventative Applications • Reduce absenteeism & increase productivity • Treat symptoms in home-bound elderly

• Disclaimer • Most promising for office and elderly

Light & Health 2002 Eindhoven University 20 November 2002

Light and Performance --Gerard Kerkhof

“In addition to its effect on the timing of circadian rhythms…blue light exposure can result in melatonin suppression, elevation of body temperature, and also increases in alertness and improvements in performance.”

Light & Health 2002 Eindhoven University 20 November 2002

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In light treatment for SAD and non-seasonal depression, some degree of improvement occurs within the first hour (although full treatment may take several weeks.

In light treatment for SAD and non-seasonal depression, light in the blue end of the spectrum has proven to be most effective...

Application of Healthy Lighting in the Workplace --Laurens Zonneveldt

• What is healthy office lighting? • ~1000 lux needed for psycho-biological stimulation • traditional lighting design • illuminate the task • avoid glare • biological lighting design • consider light falling on eye

Light & Health 2002 Eindhoven University 20 November 2002

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In the daytime, performance and well-being --Marc Fontoynout

Daytime daylight is the economical light source that offer illuminances above 2000 lux with ideal spectral distribution • Preferred light at work • Survey respondents’ choice • For human health more than

energy savings • Cost equal to 1 hour’s work/person/year Light & Health 2002 Eindhoven University 20 November 2002

Application of Healthy Lighting in the Home

Tunable for Health & Welfare

Application of Healthy Lighting in the Home

“Use light shower?”

Tunable for Mood…

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Consideration for Healthy Lighting for Multiple Species

Humans

Hampsters

Dogs

Birds

Plants

Black indicates colors not sensed

…to be continued…

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