American Community Garden Association Conference Seattle / August 8-11, 2013
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul
Chang-Woo Lee / Chief of Climate and Energy Research Center, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Korea
Contents 1.
Introduction
2.
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today
3.
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Tomorrow
4.
Conclusion
Introduction
The Background of Urban Agriculture in Seoul
The age of the urbanization of rural area is going away There were already while the age of the a lot of kitchen Food safety and ruralization of urban gardens in Seoul supply problems in area is coming up. The City of Seoul during the Chosun 2004 and 2010 in declares the Dynasty. (1394Korea caused Year of Urban 1910) citizens’ interest in Agriculture. urban agriculture. (2012. 6. 2) Urban Agriculture Citizens are Ordinance enacted increasingly (2012. 11) and sensitive to Urban Agriculture healthy and safe Committee local food. established.(2012. 11) 3
The Definition and Types of UA in Seoul
Small-scale gardening activities in urban and suburban areas
Backyard Gardens growing food in backyards, balconies, and rooftops
Commercial Farms cultivating crops mainly in Green Belt areas for sale
Guerrilla Gardens
The Types of Urban Agriculture in Seoul
cultivating vacant lots owned by others
Community Gardens growing crops mainly for leisure and recreation in the plots provided by local authorities
4
The Functions of UA in Seoul
Community Urban-Rural Environmental Empowerment Win-Win Conservation Economic Growth Health Improvement Job Opportunities
Social Welfare
Food Climate Protection Security
Environmental Education
Leisure and Recreation
5
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today
Basic Projects
Ensuring Sites
The Performances of UA in Seoul in 2012 Projects in Details
Goals
Performances
Leftover Gardens
2,500 plots
3,398 plots (79,090㎡)
Box Gardens
6,250 sets
20,200 sets (4,806㎡)
25 sites(groups)
135 sites(groups) (59,001㎡)
Small-scale Rooftop Gardens
40 sites
104 sites (21,145㎡)
Urban Park Model Farms
2 sites
3 sites (4,544㎡)
1,218 boxes
1,218 boxes (rice35㎏ harvested) (840㎡)
1 site
1 site (22,554㎡)
Local Community Gardens
Kwanghwamun Rice Farming Project (Box Rice Exhibition) Nodul Island UA Park
Promotion of UA
Urban Beekeeping on the City Hall Rooftop UA Exhibition School Gardens UA Ordinance Enactment
5 hives 1 time 4 days
5 hives (70ℓ honey harvested) 1 time 4 days (125,000 visits)
25 schools
30 schools (9,166㎡)
enacted(this year)
enacted('12.11.1)
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today
The Performances of UA in Seoul in 2012
Basic Projects
Projects in Details
Goals
Performances
5 sites 850 plots
5 sites 850 plots (11,600 ㎡)
55 sites
55 sites
Hopeful Seoul Environmentally Friendly Farms
13 sites 7,000 plots
13 sites 7,000 plots (115,500 ㎡)
UA Experts Training Course
first course 50 persons
first course 52 persons
60 times 2,500 persons
60 times 3,391 persons
-
14 times
1 time
1 time (12.2.7)
established
established : 13 persons meeting (‘12..11.27)
The Elderly, Multi-Culture Family Farms Specified UA Practices
Private Farms’ Leisure Gardens
City Farmers’ School City Farmers’ School Operation Consultation with NGOs Governance-Based UA
Workshop on UA Seoul UA Committee
7
Questionnaire Survey Results Survey Target Sampling Method
• Men and Women over 20 living in Seoul
• Proportional Sampling Method (area, gender, age)
Survey Method
• Online Web Survey using a Structured Questionnaire
Sample Size
• 1,000 Samples (95% Confidence Interval, ±3.1 Margin of Error)
Survey Dates
• October 4th, 2012 ~ October 6th, 2012 (Survey Agency : Research Plus)
8
Do you Know Urban Agriculture?
No 11.5%
Yes 88.5%
Base : Total Respondents (N=1,000) 9
Do you Grow Crops in Seoul Now?
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today
Yes 34.5%
No 65.5%
Base : Total Respondents (N=1,000) 10
Why Do You Grow Crops in Seoul?
66.1
Self Consumption 44.9
Health Improvement 32.8
Leisure and Recreation 19.7
Farming Experience
15.9
Education for Children
14.5
Greening of Surroundings Preparation for Rural Life Others
2.9 1.7
multiple responses allowed (unit : %)
Base : Selected Respondents (N=345) 11
What Kind of Crops Do You Grow? Lettuce
67.8
Red Pepper
55.9
Tomato
24.3
Chinese Cabbage
15.9
Green Onion/Onion
13.9
Sesame Leaf
11.6
Radish
7.8
Eggplant
7.5
Sweet Potato
6.4
Pumpkin
6.4
Chinese Chive Cucumber
4.6 3.5
Others
Base : Selected Respondents (N=345)
30.4
multiple responses allowed (unit : %) 12
How Long Have You Grown Crops in the City? Average : 3 Years 1 Month 42.0 (unit : %)
34.2
23.8
Less Than I Year
Base : Selected Respondents (N=345)
1 - 6 Years
More Than 6 Years
13
What are the Barriers to UA in Seoul?
Site Shortage
49.1
Information Limitation
30.2
Not Enough Time
11.0
Economic Burden
2.8
Polluted Land
2.7
Institutional Limitation
2.1
Climate Instability
1.8
Others
0.3
Base : Total Respondents (N=1,000)
(Unit : %)
14
What Should Be the Objectives of UA in Seoul? 28.0
Environmental Conservation 13.9
Health Improvement
25.7
11.6
Leisure and Recreation
44.7
9.9
Food Self-Sufficiency
21.8
7.1
Environmental Education
31.9
5.8
Community Empowerment
24.5
4.0
Urban-Rural Win-Win
Local Economic Growth
3.0
Food Security
2.7
Job Creation
44.5
12.7
Climate Protection
Social Welfare
60.3
0.8 0.5 3.1
16.3 11.1
1st Priority 1st+2nd+3rd Priorities (Unit : %)
10.2 5.9
Base: Total Respondents (N=1,000) 15
What Measures are Needed for the Future of UA in Seoul? 29.1
Securing Farming Sites
48.3 16.9
Program Development and Distribution
42.3 14.2
Farming Tools Distribution
28.9 12.6
Guidebooks Distribution
24.8 9.7
City Farmers' School Operation
17.0 7.4
UA Master Plan Establishment
17.7 13.9 3.4
Survey of Present Situation Others
1st+2nd Priorities
6.6
Institutional Improvement
1st Priority
(Unit : %)
6.6 0.1 0.5
Base: Total Respondents (N=1,000) 16
Trend of Interests in UA in Korea Accumulated Volume of Newspaper Articles on UA unit : letters 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000
800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
17
The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Seoul in 2013 Local Community Gardens (135) Leftover Gardens (142) Rooftop Gardens (89) Urban Park Gardens (3) Public Gardens (16)
Private Farms’ Leisure Gardens (55) Gu-Government Gardens (29)
City Supported School Gardens (30)
18
School Gardens in Seoul in 2013
19
The Sites of UA including School Gardens in Seoul in 2013 (115ha) Local Community Gardens (135) Leftover Gardens (142) Rooftop Gardens (89) Urban Park Gardens (3) Public Gardens (16) Private Farms’ Leisure Gardens (55) Gu-Government Gardens (29) City Supported School Gardens (30) Education Office School Gardens (878)
Nodul Island
21
The Community Garden on the Nodul Island in Seoul
22
Source : The Nodul Community Garden Support Center, 2012. 23
The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Gangdong-Gu
24
The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Dobong-Gu
25
The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Jongno-Gu
26
Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Tomorrow
Vision and Goals of Urban Agriculture in Seoul A Plot of 3.3㎡ for Each Household in Seoul Sustainable Local Food and Food Security Job Creation and A New Green Economy
Goals
Strategies
Implementation Tasks
Improvement of Urban Agriculture Base
Establishment of Local Food System
Ensuring and Increasing Sites
Diversification of Food Supply
Implementation of Survey
Supporting Local Food Business
Establishment of UA Information System
Establishment of Local Food Network
Institutional Changes
Food Safety and Food Security
City Farmers’ Schools
Reduction of Food Waste & Promotion of Composting
Development of Urban Agriculture Industry
Governance and Promotion
Supporting UA Technology
Establishment of Governance Network
Environmentally Friendly UA Industry
Supporting GuGovernment UA
R&D for UA
Development of Various Programs
Social Enterprises and Community Business
Publicity of Urban Agriculture
27
From Quantitative Growth to Qualitative Development
Present : Quantitative Growth
Future : Qualitative Development
28
The Importance of the Cultural Aspect of UA
29
Conclusion In the age of climate change, we have to promote urban agriculture for the sustainable and resilient city.
30
Thank you