2012

“DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE” Annotated Bibliography Support

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U.S. Comparative Research Belkin, A., & Levitt, M. (2001). Homosexuality and the Israel Defense Forces: Did lifting the gay ban undermine military performance? Armed Forces & Society, 27, 541-565. Retrieved from http://afs.sagepub.com/content/27/4/541.full.pdf+html

»» This journal article examines the case of Israel repealing their gay ban in 1993, specifically looking into any possible ramifications of the repeal. After a comprehensive search for published evidence and interviews with experts in the Israeli Defense Forces, the final conclusion of the report is that there is no negative outcome as a result of the repeal of the ban: “We were not able to find any data suggesting that Israel’s decision to lift its gay ban undermined operational effectiveness, combat readiness, unit cohesion, or morale” (Belkin, 558). United States Department of Defense, Secretary of Defense, Comprehensive Review Working Group. (2010). Report of the comprehensive review of the issues associated with a repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.” Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/home/ features/2010/0610_dadt/DADTReport_FINAL_20101130%28secure-hires%29.pdf

»» This report was prepared in advance of the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell to examine its possible effects. Using several different data collection methods, the researchers concluded that there will likely be little or no effect to military effectiveness, but a small short-term effect on unit cohesion and retention. The report offers recommendations regarding leadership, training, education and other concerns that should be addressed through the transition as a result of the repeal.

Research About Other Countries Belkin, A., & Canaday, M. (2010). Assessing the integration of gays and lesbians: Into the South African National Defence Force. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Sciences, 38(2), 1-21. Retrieved from http://www.palmcenter.org/files/ South%20Africa%20study.pdf

»» This journal article covers the integration of gays and lesbians into the South African Defence Force. This article includes military and government documents, secondary research, press coverage and interviews with individuals with knowledge on this topic to assess the effects of the policy change. The evidence suggests the integration of gay and lesbian personnel has not had a negative impact on recruitment and retention, morale, unit cohesion or operational effectiveness in the South African Defence Force.

www.mfri.purdue.edu The Military Family Research Institute at Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 • 765-496-3403 • [email protected]

DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE: Annotated Bibliography

Belkin, A., & McNichol, J. (2000). The effects of including gay and lesbian soldiers in the Australian Defence Forces: Appraising the evidence. Palm Center: Blueprints for Sound Public Policy, 1-40. Retrieved from http://www.palmcenter.org/files/ active/0/Australia_Final_Report.pdf

»» This report covers the lifting of the gay ban in the Australian Defence Force and its effect on the Australian military. Several key findings were acknowledged including: no mass coming- out of service members, no mass loss of unit cohesion or recruitment or combat effectiveness, and better working relationships in the ranks. Frank, N., Basham, V., Bateman, G., Belkin, A., Canaday, M., Okros, A., & Scott, D. (2010). Gays in foreign militaries 2010: A global primer. Palm Center: Blueprints for Sound Public Policy, 1-153. Retrieved from http://www.palmcenter.org/files/ FOREIGNMILITARIESPRIMER2010FINAL.pdf

»» This report examines the 25 nations that allow GLBT1 people to openly serve in the military. It examines the debates on the policy changes and how other service members reacted to these changes. There are several case studies, including: Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and Israel. The research shows that that integration of GLBT people into the military appears to have been successful and has not led to problems in morale, recruitment, retention, readiness or overall combat effectiveness. United States General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Division. (1993). Homosexuals in the military: Policies and practices of foreign countries. Report to the Honorable John W. Warner, U.S. Senate. Retrieved from http://dont.stanford.edu/regulations/GAO.pdf

»» In this report the policies and practices of four countries that allow GLB personnel to serve in the military were reviewed in depth. Canada, Germany, Israel and Sweden allow GLB people to serve in their militaries; this report presents findings that indicate that the presence of these individuals in the military is not an issue and does not create problems in the function of military units. There is also research in this report about 22 other countries and their policies of GLBT service.

Articles About the U.S. Military Bateman, G., & Belkin, A. (2003). Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Debating the gay ban in the military. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.

»» This book is a debate on the DADT2 policy, which includes both sides’ arguments. Debate topics include soldiers’ privacy, unit cohesion, the experiences of foreign militaries, the cost of DADT, and several biographies of openly gay service members. Berlatsky, N. (2011). Gays in the military: Opposing viewpoints. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.

»» This book analyzes the current attitudes toward gays in the military, how DADT affects the military, how the government is handling the issues of gays in the military, and the policies of other countries concerning the treatment of GLBT service members. 1 

GLBT stands for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender.

2 

DADT stands for Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell

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DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE: Annotated Bibliography

Estes, S. (2007). Ask & Tell: Gay and lesbian veterans speak out. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.

»» This book examines the debate of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell in the military through a series of interviews of service members that span from time served in World War II to the conflict in Iraq. Estes tracks the changes in policy over the years and how the changes affected the veterans. Estes elaborates on how the gay and lesbian service members aided the military in war and peace through morale and unit cohesion. Frank, N. (2009). Unfriendly fire. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

»» Unfriendly Fire argues that DADT undermines the military and weakens America. Dr. Nathaniel Frank, a senior research fellow at the Palm Center discusses in detail how DADT does not work and is a flawed policy, but ultimately weakens the military as a whole. Gates, G. (2004). Gay men and lesbians in the U.S. Military: Estimates from Census 2000. Urban Institute. Retrieved from http:// www.urban.org/publications/411069.html

»» This resource offers statistics on the current number of gays and lesbians serving in the military as well as statistics on gay and lesbian veterans. Gates, G. (2010). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women in the U.S. Military: Updated estimates. Williams Institute. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gn4t6t3

»» This resource offers updated statistics on estimated number of gays and lesbians serving in the military, as well and statistics on gay and lesbian veterans. The White House Blog. (2010, December 22). The President Signs Repeal of “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell”: “Out of many, we are one” [Web log post].Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/12/22/president-signs-repeal-dont-ask-dont-tell-outmany-we-are-one

»» This official White House blog covers President Obama signing the repeal of DADT, including speeches, guests of honor, quotes, and a video clip of the ceremony. Levy, Y. (2007). The right to fight: A conceptual framework for the analysis of recruitment policy toward gays and lesbians. Armed Forces & Society, 33(2), 186-202. Retrieved from http://afs.sagepub.com/content/33/2/186.full.pdf+html

»» This peer-reviewed scholarly article offers a framework by which different countries vary in social pressures and in the extent to which their militaries accept or oppose policy change. RAND Corporation National Defense Research Institute. (2010). Sexual orientation and U.S. Military personnel policy. RAND Corporation Monograph Series (Library of Congress Control Number: 2010941362). Retrieved from http://www.rand. org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG1056.pdf

»» The research in this report was prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense. The research was conducted by RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded institution that aims to help improve policy through research and analysis. This report focuses on sexual orientation and U.S. military personnel policy and is an update of RAND’s 1993 study. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates ordered the update on February 2, 2010. This report provides information pertinent to ending sexual orientation discrimination in the U.S. military in a manner that is practical and realistic. Topics covered in the report include: unit cohesion, military performance, possible effects on military recruiting, health implication, surveys of gay and lesbian military personnel, experience with foreign militaries/ domestic agencies, and implementation. 3

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DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE: Annotated Bibliography

Foreign Military BBC News. (2010). Gays in the military: The UK and US compared. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8493888.stm

»» In this article the writer compares the situations that led up to the repeal of ‘gay bans’ in both the UK and the US Military. They discussed the proposed problems to removing the gay ban such as large scale resignations and prejudices. Despite the many proposed problems to the removal of the ban in the UK, none of the problems materialized, yielding a smooth transition. Chabin, M. (2010). Israel a model on gays in the military. The National Catholic Reporter Publishing Company. Retrieved from http://ncronline.org/news/justice/israel-model-gays-military

»» This article compares and contrasts the United States Military with the Israeli Defense Force. The author uses the transition after the repeal of the gay ban in the Israeli Military as a baseline for the United States Military. “’Unlike Israel, in the U.S. no one has to serve in the army,’” said Amit Lev, who disclosed his homosexuality during a stint in the IDF. “`Those who volunteer, whether they’re gay or straight, are already motivated and will be good soldiers.’” The author predicts that the transitions in the two countries will have similar effects and will go smoothly despite the differences in the militaries. United Kingdom Public General Acts, Civil Partnership Act of 2004, Chapter 33. (2004). Retrieved from http://www. legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/33/pdfs/ukpga_20040033_en.pdf

»» This link is to the United Kingdom’s Civil Partnership Act of 2004, which defines civil partnerships and lays out the eligibility requirements for partnerships and the steps for attaining a partnership. Fasting, K., & Sand, T. S. (2010). Gender and military issues: A categorized research bibliography. The Norwegian Defence University College, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences/Defence Institute. Retrieved from http://observatorio-mujer.resdal.org/ Movingsoldier_Gender_and_Military_issues_web.pdf

»» This bibliography is a list of research relating to gender and the military. It is split up into several sections that each have different lists of research ranging in topics from: Military Communities to Women in Combat to Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender (GLBT) Issues.

Information about Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Families Bernstein, M., & Reimann, R. (2001). Queer families, queer politics. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

»» This book examines how GLBT families struggle for the same rights as their heterosexual peers and how these families are impacting politics and culture. Topics include GLBT relationships, marriage, parenthood, and political activism. Journal of GLBT Family Studies Published by Routledge Edited by Dr. Jerry J. Bigner

»» This journal examines and addresses the issues and dynamics of GLBT families. It promotes the study of GLBT families, and examines: gender roles, adoption issues, work issues, relationship issues, marriage, identity and family policy. 4

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Gates, G., Lee, B., Macomber, J., & Chambers, K. (2007). Adoption and foster care by gay and lesbian parents in the United States. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California Los Angeles. Retrieved From http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v4528cx#page-1

»» The report looks into the childcare and foster care system currently in place, and specifically looks into the gay and lesbian parents with children. Many gay and lesbian couples and individuals currently have children, and many would like to have children at some point in their life. Part of the report looks into the financial and emotional implications of bans that are currently in place in some areas. Goldberg, A. E. (2010). Lesbian and gay parents and their children. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

»» This book covers the relationship between lesbian and gay parents and their children including research and contemporary issues, their role as parents, the adjustment and experiences of the children, and the perspective of the children. Ultimately this research in this book supports that lesbians and gay men possess numerous strengths as parents and are as equally equipped as their heterosexual counterparts to raise children. Oswald, R. F., Blume, L. B., Berkowitz, D., & Kuvalanka, K. A. (2009). Queering ‘the family’. In S. Lloyd, K. Allen, & A. Few (Eds.). Handbook of Feminist Family Studies (pp. 43-55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Retrieved from http://www.uk.sagepub. com/oswmedia3e/study/chapters/handbooks/handbook10.3.pdf

»» This chapter discusses basic tenants of queer theory. The first couple sentences describe the basic idea of the chapter, “Queer theory makes the familial strange. It unmasks the social practices that construct “normality” and leads us to question the values embedded in such constructions” (Oswald, 43). The article looks into the ideas of the family and whether or not the idea could be changed. Ramona Faith Oswald, Associate Professor of Family Studies Human Development and Family Studies University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign http://www.hcd.uiuc.edu/people/faculty/oswald_ramona_f/publications.html

»» This is list of Ramona Oswald’s publications. Her research generally deals with family lives of lesbians and gay men. Oswald, R., & Masciadrelli, B. (2008). Generative ritual among nonmetropolitan lesbians and gay men: Promoting social inclusion. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 1060-1073. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.17413737.2008.00546.x/full

»» The term “generativity” generally means providing for future generations through support and caring. This article looks specifically at how lesbians and gay men act, more specifically, support their community and future generations and whether location is a factor in these actions. The conclusion here is that inner desire motivates lesbian and gay “generativity.”

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DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE: Annotated Bibliography

Oswald, R., Goldberg, A., Kuvalanka, K., & Clausell, E. (2008). Structural and moral commitment among same-sex couples: Relationship duration, religiosity, and parental status. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 411-419. Retrieved from http://www. clarku.edu/faculty/goldberg/OSWALD%20GOLDBERG%20ET%20AL.%20JFP%202008.pdf

»» This peer-reviewed journal article splits up commitment into two categories, structural and moral commitment, and specifically looks into the commitment of lesbian and gay couples. While there were several constraints to the research, such as legal rights, but the data collected points toward a correlation between lesbian and gay commitment and parental status, time and individual religiosity. Charlotte J. Patterson, Professor of Psychology Center for Children, Families, and the Law Director of the interdisciplinary program Studies in Women and Gender (SWAG) University of Virginia http://people.virginia.edu/~cjp/publications.html

»» This is list of Charlotte Patterson’s publications. Her research generally deals with same-sex parents. Patterson, C. J., & Wainright, J. L. (in press). Adolescents with same-sex parents: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. In Brodzinsky, D., Pertman, A., & Kunz, D. (Eds.), Lesbian and gay adoption: A new American reality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://people.virginia.edu/~cjp/articles/pwInPress.pdf

»» This chapter deals with the rearing of children with same-sex parents and opposite sex parents. Researchers tested theories regarding the children’s behavior and if the behavior was linked to the parent’s sexual orientation. There was no discernable difference in the children based off the sexual orientation, but where they did differ was in the quality of the relationship with the parents. Patterson, C. J. (2007). Lesbian and gay family issues in the context of changing legal and social policy environments. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez & K. A. DeBord & (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender clients (Second Edition). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://people. virginia.edu/~cjp/articles/p07.pdf

»» This article talks about the dynamic of gay and lesbian families changing with politics and social change. The article further expands upon the legal and policy contexts on how gay and lesbian families live today. Most gay and lesbian couples and individuals live in areas where their status as couples, parents, and families are not recognized. The author suggests future courses of action through research, advocacy, and clinical practices to counter this discrimination.

Articles about Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Families in the Military Articles Brocco, M. (2010). Familiar stories: An international suggestion for LGB family military benefits after the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”. Familiar Stories: From the selected works of Maureen Brocco, 1-29. Retrieved from http://works.bepress.com/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=maureen_brocco

»» This article discusses the next steps after the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell. It gives examples of policies that were passed from other countries that have recently repealed their bans on gay service. The author concludes that benefit policies for all service members need to be enacted to support all service members. “The United States should proudly support our troops, every single soldier, regardless of their sexual orientation.”

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DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE: Annotated Bibliography

Jordan, B. (2011, March 04). Gay couples with kids eligible for housing. Military.com. Retrieved from http://www.military.com/ news/article/gay-couples-with-kids-eligible-for-housing.html

»» This article discusses the loophole in the new repeal of Don’t Ask Don’t Tell that enables gay service members to receive housing allowances with a dependent child and the partner is the primary childcare provider. Gross, M. J. (2003, April 29) A family life during wartime. The Advocate, (888), 42-51. Retrieved from http://www2.advocate. com/authors.asp?author=Michael%20Joseph%20Gross

»» This article uses personal accounts of gay and lesbian service members and their families about the lack of benefits provided to them. The article discusses the fear that they experience in trying to keep their relationship a secret or ways that they try to get through their relationships. Westcott, K. & Sawyer, R. (2007) Silent sacrifices: The impact of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” on lesbian and gay military families. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), 1121-1139. Retrieved from http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?14+Duke+J.+Gen der+L.+&+Pol’y+1121

»» This peer-reviewed article is deals with the policies in the United States that hinder the gay and lesbian service members and their families. The article uses real life stories and discusses the legal landscape and the employee and family benefits. The author’s conclusion is that the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell will not solve everything, but that it is the first step in the process. “Following repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” the military will need to address how the families of gay service members will be provided for and recognized.”

Military Training DADT Repeal Slides Outline: http://files.onset.freedom.com/ocregister/DADT_Tier_3_Script_Final.pdf

»» This outline discusses the training for service members regarding the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell. It discusses the changes that will occur and specifically discusses the benefits that gay service members are entitled to, which gives gay and lesbian service members the same rights as a single straight service member, even if the gay service member has dependents.

Support and Advocacy The Advocate, Gay News: http://www.Advocate.com

»» This is a news source that finds and promotes gay news around the world through its website and magazine. American Veterans for Equal Rights: http://www.aver.us

»» AVER is a non-profit, chapter-based association of active, reserve and veteran service members dedicated to full and equal rights and equitable treatment for all present and former members of the U.S. Armed Forces.

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COLAGE: http://www.colage.org

»» COLAGE is a national movement of children, youth, and adults with one or more lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and/or queer (LGBTQ) parent/s. We build community and work toward social justice through youth empowerment, leadership development, education, and advocacy. Family Equality Council: http://www.familyequality.org

»» Family Equality Council works to ensure equality for GLBT families by building community, changing hearts and minds, and advancing social justice for all families. Human Rights Campaign: http://www.hrc.org

»» The Human Rights Campaign is the largest GLBT civil rights organization in the nation. HRC fights to end GLBT discrimination and achieve equality for all by improving equality in the workplace, GLBT family treatment under the law and increasing public support through education and outreach. International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Association: http://www.ilga.org

»» This is an international public source for international lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and intersex. It is a non-profit organization that looks to promote equal rights and preventing discrimination based on sexual orientation by presenting awareness and making it a world issue. Military Partner and Families Coalition (MPFC): http://www.milpfc.org

»» MPFC provides support, resources, education and advocacy for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender military partners and their families by providing online resources, outreach through safe space virtual hang-outs, community events and connecting with other military organizations and agencies that share the civic responsibility to support all military families. Outserve: http://www.outserve.org

»» Outserve is a website and magazine that brings to light issues related to gay service members such as the repeal and equal rights. It is a leading public source about the implementation training. It works to create a professional network of GLBT military personnel. Note: Servicemembers Legal Defense Network and Outserve have merged in to one organization. The launch and new name will be released October 2012. Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG): http://www.pflag.org

»» PFLAG is a national organization that provides support, education and advocacy for GLBT people as well as their friends and families. PFLAG provides support groups, family and community education on issues pertaining to GLBT people as well as continuing to fight for acceptance and change in communities. Servicemembers United: America’s Gay Military Organization: http://www.servicemembers.org

»» Servicemembers United is a non-partisan and non-profit organization that works to address issues that affect the gay military community and offer support and education. The organization also tries to bond the gay military community by connecting partners and families of gay military members.

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DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL, DON’T PURSUE: Annotated Bibliography

Policy Resources Cahill, S., Mitra E., & Tobias, S. (2002). Family policy: Issues affecting gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender families. New York, NY: The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Retrieved from http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/ reports/reports/FamilyPolicy.pdf

»» This report focuses on gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender family policy. It examines: data on GLBT families (including prevalence of parenting and how experiences are shaped by demographics), major challenges faced by GLBT couples, legal obstacles, GLBT youth, discrimination and major health-related issues that the GLBT community faces. Palm Center: Blueprints for Sound Public Policy: http://www.palmcenter.org

»» The Palm Center is research institute that has been conducting research on sexual minorities in the military for the last decade and the findings have been published in leading scientific journals. Among the large amount research and current events about GLBT in the military, one of the resources offered on the website is a list of the ten major arguments on DADT. Each argument has a visual map that follows a logical progression of ideas and ultimately supports the repeal of DADT and supplies advocates of the repeal with an educated, informed argument. Servicemembers Legal Defense Network: http://www.sldn.org

»» The Servicemembers Legal Defense Network (SLDN) worked to bring Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell to an end. SLDN is dedicated to end GLBT discrimination in the military and assisting service members who are threatened with investigation, discharge and discrimination because of sexual orientation. The SLDN is also an advocate for policies that will improve the lives of GLBT active duty service members and veterans. Note: Servicemembers Legal Defense Network and Outserve have merged in to one organization. The launch and new name will be released October 2012. The Williams Institute: http://www3.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/about/index.html

»» The Williams Institute advances sexual orientation law and public policy through rigorous, independent research and scholarship, and disseminates it to judges, legislators, policymakers, media and the public. A national think tank at UCLA School of Law, the Williams Institute produces high quality research with real-world relevance.

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