District Cooling -Experience and Opportunities in case of Absorption Chiller Advancing Ozone & Climate Protection Technologies: Next Steps Second International Technology Conference 29 June 2013 Bangkok, Thailand Hajime Yabase R&D Dep. ,Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co.,Ltd. , Shiga, Japan

Contents

1.Introduction of Absorption Chillers 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller 3. Solar Cooling Application

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers What’s absorption chillers?

Cooling tower

・Application –As air conditioning systems –As process chilling systems for plant •Common condition –Cooling：Chilled water output 7℃ Cooling water input 32℃ –Heating：Heated water output 60℃

Cooling water

Absorption Chiller //Chilled water and hot water

= Centrifugal Chiller //only Chilled water

☆Special Feature Cooling and Heating by the Same Unit

+

AHU Boiler //only Hot water

Chilled water

Absorption Chiller

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Principle of Electric Chillers and Absorption Chillers ELECTRIC

ABSORPTION

Freon

Water (H2O)

Condenser

Condenser

Q01

Compressor

Q01

37℃ ℃

Cooling 32℃ ℃ Water 1000kPa

Electric Motor

Generator

Q01

37℃ ℃

Qi1

Qi1

8kPa

High Pressure 290 kPa

Qi2

7℃ ℃

Chilled 12℃ ℃ Water Evaporator

Vacuum 0.87 kPa

Qi2

Gas or Oil or Steam etc…

7℃ ℃

Cooling Water 32℃ ℃

Chilled 12℃ ℃ Water Evaporator Solution Pump

Qi2 Cooling Capacity COP = Q = Heat Input i1

Absorber

(LiBr)

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers

Various Energy Sources can be utilized

Natural heat Solar ,Geo-thermal

Fossil fuel

Hot Water

Steam

Exhaust heat

Waste Hot Water

Gas

Exhaust Gas

Direct fire

Gas Engine Steam

Absorption Chiller Oil

Chilled Water

Exhaust Gas

Gas Turbine

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers with Gas Engine

Gas Engine

Gene--Link Gene

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Continuous Efforts for Higher COP in Japan COP(Coefficient of Performance) = Cooling Capacity ／LHV Heat Input

2

S.A.C.=Steam Absorption Chiller D.F.C.=Direct Fired Chiller

Triple Effect 2005

1.8

COP

1.6

Double Effect

1.4

1992

1983

1.2

2000

Popular in the world

1976

1

1968

★

0.8 0.6

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

year

1990

1995

2000

2005

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers

Steam

Direct Fired

Lineup of absorption chillers (1)

Triple Effect Direct Fired

Double Effect Direct Fired

Double Effect Steam Fired

COP=1.73

160~340RT

1.2 Series

80~700RT

1.3 Series

80~700RT

1.4 Series

80~700RT

3.9 Series

80~700RT

3.7 Series

600~2600RT

COP is based on LHV Heat Input

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Lineup of absorption chillers (2)

Gene-Link

Gene-Link

Single Effect

Hot Water Driven

40~240RT

Double Effect

Steam Fired

80~700RT

COP=1.2

80~70RT

COP=1.4

80~630RT

COP=1.73

145~310RT

Double Effect Hot Water + Gas

Triple Effect Hot Water + Gas

COP is based on LHV Heat Input

2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Single, Double, Triple Effect Absorption Chiller 1. High Temp. Generator

Achievement of higher efficiency with multi-stage of generator (by higher temp. & press. of HTG)

1

（over atmospheric pressure ）

2. Middle Temp. Generator （under atmospheric pressure） ）

1

3. Low Temp. Generator

（under atmospheric pressure） ）

to Condenser ←

1

Fuel ← 1 Heat

Weak Solution

from Absorber to Condenser ←

to Absorber

Strong Solution

2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Operation Cycle for Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Body of Double Effect SAC

Once-through OnceBoiler typed HTG Diagram of Reverse Cycle Pressure

HTG

Atmospheric pressure

MTG Ｐ

LTG

Vacuum

Ｐ

Absorber

Ｐ Concentration of Solution

2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Characteristic of Partial Load (in cooling mode) 2.0

Triple Effect

COP (LHV) C OP

1.8

Double Effect(High efficient)

1.6

1.4

Double Effect(Basic Type) 1.2

1.0 0

20

40

60

L oad R ate（％） Load Rate (%)

80

100

3. Solar Cooling Application The efficiency of Solar Thermal is better than that of Photovoltaic. Efficiency of Solar Energy

Photovoltaic : 10%