Development of Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Missions – Overview, Potential Cross-Links and Synergies Andreas Müller, Cindy Ong, Uta Heiden, Tobias Storch
www.DLR.de • Chart 2
Content - Overview of Missions - Synergies with Sentinel-2, Landsat 8
- Towards a Constellation
www.DLR.de • Chart 3
Spaceborne imaging spectroscopy EO missions* Overview
Legend
Running missions Terminated missions Future missions
* The multispectral Sentinel-2 mission (ESA) is listed for comparison Complete list on www.enmap.org
Ground Segment
3
www.DLR.de • Chart 4
Running and terminated spaceborne imaging spectroscopy EO missions – Launch and life time
2000
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
Hyperion / EO-1
NASA,USA
CHRIS / PROBA
ESA & UK
HJ-1A
CASC, China CMA, China
FY-3A/ MERSI
ISRO, India
HySI/ IMS-1
CAS/SITP, China Roscosmos, Russia
TG-1 Resurs-P No.1
Roscosmos, Russia
Resurs-P No.2 CMODIS
CAS, China NRL, USA
Ground Segment
14
HICO
4
19
20
21
Spaceborne imaging spectroscopy running and terminated missions – Spectral characteristics Hyperion / EO-1 CHRIS / PROBA
172
70 18 - 62 115
HJ-1A
20
FY-3A/MERSI
64
HySI/IMS-1
Legend VNIR SWIR
128
TG-1 Resurs-P1
256
TIR
216
Resurs-P2
PAN
102
HICO
30
CMODIS
1
3
13
Sentinel-2A 0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
4,0
6,0
8,0
[µm]
12,0
Spaceborne imaging spectroscopy running and terminated missions – Spatial characteristics 30 m
7 .5 km
Hyperion/EO-1
14 km MODE 1-4 5 MODE
CHRIS/PROBA
36 m 18 m
-5 MODE 1 MODE 2 100 m
50 km
HJ-1A FY-3A/ MERSI HySI/ IMS-1
250 – 1000 m
N/A 128 km
550 m N/A
TG-1 Resurs-P1
30 km 38 km
Resurs-P2
N/A 30 m
30 m
42 – 192 km
HICO CMODIS
90 m
650 – 700 km
Sentinel-2A
400 - 500 m
10 – 60 m
290 km
30 km
90 km
150 km
210 km
240 km
300 km
Swath [km]
30 m
60 m
Pixel size [m]
90 m
120 m
150 m
180 m
Future spaceborne imaging spectroscopy EO missions – Launch and life time 2000 University of Hawaii, USA
01
Roscosmos, Russia DLR, Germany/ Teledyne, USA China Roscosmos, Russia ASI, Italy ISRO, India
02
…
14
15
16 17 HiakaSat
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
Resurs-P No.3 DESIS/TAIS CCRSS Resurs-P No.4 PRISMA
Roscosmos, Russia JPL, USA HySpecIQ/ Boeing, USA ISRO, India
GISAT Resurs-P No.5 ECOSTRESS HySpecIQ CartoSat-3
DLR, Germany
EnMAP
JAXA, Japan ASI, Italy/ISA, Israel
HISUI / ALOS-3
Shalom
ESA, UK
FLORIS / FLEX
CNES, France
HYPXIM-P
NASA/JPL, USA
HyspIRI Sentinel-2A
ESA
Ground Segment
25
Sentinel-2B 7
27
28
29
30
Spaceborne imaging spectroscopy future missions – Spectral characteristics Hiakasat Resurs P3/4 & 5 DESIS TAIS CCRSS PRISMA GISAT ECOSTRESS HySpecIQ CartoSat-3 EnMAP HISUI/ALOS-3 Shalom FLORIS/FLEX HYPIXM-P HyspIRI HERO
0
Legend
tbd
VNIR SWIR
tbd 240
TIR
132
PAN
320 – 328 92
157 150
6
60
5 220 50
150
98
130
57
128 241
40
210 8
210 > 200
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
4,0
6,0
8,0
[µm]
12,0
PRISMA (ASI, Italy) 00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Parameter
Value
Mission
Monitoring of natural resources and atmosphere characteristics, precursor mission
Spectral Range
400 – 1010 nm (VNIR-Hyp), 920 – 2500 nm (SWIR-Hyp), 0.4 – 0.7 µm (PAN)
Bandwidth
10 nm
No of Bands
92 bands (VNIR-Hyp), 157 bands (SWIR-Hyp)
Spatial Resolution
20 - 30 m (VNIR-Hyp/SWIR-Hyp), 2.5 - 5 m (PAN)
Swath
30 km – 60 km
Orbit
Sun-Synchronous at 695 km
Revisit
7 days
Specialities
Status unknown
Link
http://www.asi.it/en/activity/earth_observation/prisma_ http://www.earsel.org/symposia//2013-symposium-Matera/pdf_proceedings/EARSeLSymposium-2013_3_5_Lopinto.pdf
Ground Segment
9
Spaceborne imaging spectroscopy future missions – Spatial characteristics Hiakasat Resurs P3/4 & 5 DESIS TAIS CCRSS PRISMA GISAT ECOSTRESS HySpecIQ CartoSat-3 EnMAP HISUI/ALOS-3 Shalom FLORIS/FLEX HYPIXM-P HyspIRI HERO
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A 30 m
44 -57 km
20 -29 m
44 -57 km 30 km 30 – 60 km
28 - 30 m 2.5 – 5 m (PAN) 20 – 30 m (VNIR/SWIR) 192 m (VSWIR) 320 m (VSWIR)
500 km 360 – 400 km
1500 m (TIR)
38 – 69 m N/A 15 km
5m 12 m
30 km
30 m
30 km
30 m
10 km
2.5 m (PAN) 10 m (VNIR/SWIR)
105 – 150 km
300 m 16 km
2 m (PAN) 8 m (VNIR/SWIR)
150 km (VSWIR) 600 m (TIR)
100 m (TIR) 30 – 60 m (VSWIR)
60 m (TIR) 30 km 30 km
90 km
150 km
210 km
240 km
300 km
Swath [km]
30 m
30 m
60 m
Pixel size [m]
90 m
120 m
150 m
180 m
CCRSS, HISUI, PRISMA, EnMAP, DESIS Orbits
VitTree – Early detection of tree vitality decline Consequences of stress of forests can be observed in VNIR & SWIR spectral wavelength region • Chlorophyll-content shrinks in photosynthetic active biomass, Carotenoid content rises, similar to natural senescence
Reflectance rises in red/red-edge and declines in green region (VNIR) • Lignin-content rises relative Reflectance rises in SWIR • Water-content declines Reflectance rises in SWIR
Thenkabail et al. (2011)
VitTree – Early detection of tree vitality decline Simulation of biotic influences in the forest through ringbarking of Spruce Continuous monitoring of ringbarked and controll trees HySpex Overflights 15.05.2013 (Control) 08.07.2013 16.07.2013 22.07.2013 27.07.2013 01.08.2013 05.08.2013 16.08.2013 21.08.2013 07.04.2014 05.05.2014 11.06.2014 18.07.2014
Needle samplings 18.07.2013 20.08.2013 10.09.2013 12.11.2013 01.04.2014 05.06.2014 23.06.2014
WV2 Acquisition 09.07.2013 16.08.2013 26.10.2013 11.06.2014 22.06.2014 19.07.2014
VitTree – Early detection of tree vitality decline
Altötting Monitoring Area
Ringbarked trees Control trees
VitTree – Early detection of tree vitality decline Needle samples of several dates – extracted by year of growth from the branch
Sample date 20/08/2013
Source: BOKU Vienna
Needle samplings
ASD FieldSpec = hyperspektral
Needle samplings
Sentinel-2 = multispektral
www.DLR.de • Chart 18
Sentinel 2 Landsat EnMAP
User/Consumer Spatial/Temporal Resolution
Spectral Resolution
Information Extraction
Research Partners
Spectroscopy Tools; Phenology Metrics,, Time Series Analysis, ….
HGF Universities Research Organisations BMBF
GeoProdukte Soil Constituents Ess.Biodiversity Variables Biomass Production, Vitality Fractional Cover …..
GeoProducts
TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X Sentinel 1
Land/Water Dynamics Ice/Water Dynamics Global Urban Footprint 2.0 Deforestation …..
X-Band Spatial Resolution
C-Band Temporal Resolution
Information Extraction Polarimetric Decomposition; Change Detection, Time Series Analysis, Speckle Divergence ….
Public Agencies Bay. Landesamt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft
GeoInformation Soil-/Landdegradation Risk Ecosystem Functioning Forest Vitality, Forest Calamity Fast Response Erosion REDD+ Reporting Urbane Development Bio-Energy Potential …..
Bay. Landesamt für Umwelt / UBA North West Territories Canada Volta Basin Authority Mekong River Basin Authority
Industry Partners GEO GeoBon GCOS
Future Earth Development Agencies BMZ / GIZ WorldBank
Land Degradation Potential / Costa Rica
Reflectance %
Multispectral system
Dry vegetation
Reflectance %
Soil
Hyperspectral system Wavelength [µm]
Sentinel 2 – 270 km swath width 10 -20 m Pixel resolution
EnMAP – 30 km swath width 30 m Pixel resolution
Sentinel 2 – 270 km swath width 10 -20 m Pixel resolution
EnMAP – 30 km swath width 30 m Pixel resolution
Sentinel 2 – 270 km swath width 10 -20 m Pixel resolution
EnMAP – 30 km swath width 30 m Pixel resolution
Soil Erosion Risk Discriminating PV/Soil
Not Discriminating PV/Soil
www.DLR.de • Chart 25
Consumer
Sentinel 2
EnMAP
Spatial/Temporal Resolution
Spectral Resolution
Information Extraction
Research Partners
Spectroscopy Tools; Phenology Metrics,, Time Series Analysis, ….
HGF Universitäten
Value Adding
BMBF
GeoProdukte Soil Constituents Ess.Biodiversity Variables Biomass Production, Vitality Fractional Cover …..
Integration of In-Situ Measurements & DEM BETHY Modelling, Hydrolog. / Erosion modells …. ….
GeoInformation
Soil-/Landdegradation Risk Ecosystem Functioning Forest Vitality, Forest Calamity Fast Response Erosion Risk REDD+ Reporting Urbane Development Bio-Energy Potential …..
GeoProducts
TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X Sentinel 1
Land/Water Dynamics Ice/Water Dynamics Global Urban Footprint 2.0 Deforestation …..
X-Band Spatial Resolution
C-Band Temporal Resolution
Int. Research Organisations
Information Extraction Polarimetric Decomposition; Change Detection, Time Series Analysis, Speckle Divergence ….
Value Adding
Public Agencies Bay. Landesamt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft Bay. Landesamt für Umwelt / UBA North West Territories Canada Volta Basin Authority Mekong River Basin Authority
Industry Partners GEO GeoBon
Integration with DEM, LCLU Hydrolog. / Erosion Modells …. ….
GCOS
Future Earth Development Agencies BMZ / GIZ WorldBank
Soil Register Bavaria Multi Temporal Landsat data evaluation Multi-Annual Land Cover Classification
Basic land cover type categorization (soil-vegetationother) derived from 17 Landsat ETM recorded from 2005-2013. Soil Cover (~28%) Permanent Vegetative Cover (~67%) Other (e.g. Urban, Water) (~5%)
Soil Register Bavaria Multi Temporal Landsat data evaluation Map of Exposed Soil
Frequency of exposed soil derived from 17 Landsat ETM scenes recorded from 2005-2013 .
Soil Register Bavaria Multi Temporal Landsat data evaluation Multi-Annual Soil Spectral Response
RGB (2090-2350, 1550-1750, 630-690) Normalized RGB composite image (bands 7-5-4) for areas with exposed soil, derived from 17 Landsat-7 images (April-Sept, 2005-2013)
Soil Register Bavaria Multi Temporal Landsat data evaluation Comparison to Geological Map
Normalized RGB composite image (bands 7-5-4) for areas with exposed soil compared to geological map
Soil Register Bavaria Multi Temporal Landsat data evaluation Thematic Map of Selected Soil Types Land Cover Class Landsat ETM example: Path 193 Row 26 17 images from 2005-2013 (April-Sept)
www.DLR.de • Chart 31 > Vortrag > Autor • Dokumetname > Datum
CCRSS, HISUI, PRISMA, EnMAP, DESIS Synchronised Orbits
www.DLR.de • Chart 32 > Vortrag > Autor • Dokumetname > Datum
Towards a (virtual) constellation? - Agreement of the Community - GEOSS type agreement between Space Agencies
- Technical/management issues - Orbits - Instrument specifications
- Data policy issues - (Cross-)Calibration - Standards & Protocols - The Role of ISIS -> ISIS TC Meeting
www.DLR.de • Chart 33 > Vortrag > Autor • Dokumetname > Datum
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