DOI 10.2478/cplbu-2014-0045

The 6th Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education & The 5th International Conference on Engineering and Business Education & The 4th International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Sibiu, Romania, October, 18th – 21st, 2012

DESIGNING FUTURISTIC EYEGLASSES WITH INNOVATIVE MARKETING STRATEGY USING PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT Ahmed, Mohsin Khalil1 Georgiana, Dobrota1 Susu, Paul1 and Paul Dan, Brindasu1

1 Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Glasses are becoming more and more important as part of our daily life. The product is an interesting and general. People's needs in this regards are different. In this research work a case study of product life cycle management of smart glasses for future use is presented. Research is thorough and quantitative. Basic objectives that were to establish are the reasons for wearing sunglasses, the most important characteristics that glasses must meet, setting the fashion trends for glasses and provides market strategy for selling glasses until recycling. On the basis of research done on sample of 30 people, different option were put in front of them the most important were chosen ,which are, built-in speaker for playback ,capacity to store memory ,connectivity to external devices (PC) and Radio/MP3. Market strategy is also set for the glasses from factory to the recycling including customer feedback, environmental concerns. Conceptual design of the glasses using computer aided design is also presented. This multidimensional product is an achievement in innovation, entrepreneurship and gives good insight into the implementation of engineering education through product life cycle.

Key words: marketing strategy, product life cycle management, eyeglasses

1. INTRODUCTION

lateral arms give ear glasses. Modern glasses are shown in figure 2.

To achieve the life-cycle of a product improvement smart glasses have chosen as example. The product is interesting and general in use. Seneca the Younger, who was Emperor’s tutor Nero of Rome, wrote: "Letters, however small and indistinct, are seen enlarged and more clearly through a globe or glass filled with water".[1] Nero also said to have watched the gladiatorial games using an emerald as a corrective lens.[2] In 1946, Vasco Ronchi of Florence stated "when it is all summed up, the fact remains that this world has found lenses on its nose without knowing whom to thank." [3]. Sunglasses, in the form of flat panes of smoky quartz, were used in China in the 12th century [4].First spectacle frames were made of wood or animal bone. Lenses for myopia correction appeared in the mid-fifteenth century. By the sixteenth century the use of glasses for vision correction is done only in secret, in order not restricted environment suggests that the person has vision problems. Early glasses are shown in fig 1.

Figure 1. Ancient Glasses During this time appeared wearing fashionable glasses with monocular and one vertical arm (used especially of women), they became a fashion accessory among elite society. In this way people do not recognize the existence of problems of vision. To the sixteenth century appears first fixation after

Figure 2. Present Glasses As science advanced along with advancing needs there is need for more versatile glasses. This paper presents a thorough market study and quantitative results clearly stating the research objectives and complete product life cycle. For better understanding of the needs for the future smart glasses a questionnaire is composed and put in the general public. On the basis of response from the questionnaire, objectives are chosen from wide set of option and their importance is categorise. Main features that are proposed at first are flash light, camera, blood pressure measurement, pulse reader, Radio/MP3, hands free, data storage, and temperature sensor. On the basis of the results from the market research, the most important features those carry high percentage value were incorporated in conceptual design using CAD software. In designing process, part by part design and assembling of the product is proposed. Product is versatile and technological, electronics used is motherboard, batteries for charging mini USB, hands Free, jack, and loud speakers Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/29/17 5:16 AM

After designing process in this paper instruction to use is presented which explains data entry process and charging of batteries. Packing strategy is presented along with distribution in market, promotion and pricing of the product. To complete the product life cycle maintains is describe for the durable and efficient use. Innovative strategies for withdrawal from the market, disassembling with user-friendly approach is design, recycling including destruction, disposal and environmental impact of the glasses is also discussed. For the continual improvement of the product customer feed back is made necessary part of the marketing strategy. A complete life cycle is discuss for the smart glasses.

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research was conducted on a sample of 30 people aged between 15 and 65 years. Questionnaire composed of following questions is floated into the sample of 30 people. • Are you carrying / bearing glasses? • What is the main reason you wear glasses? • How often this user glasses for the following activities? • How important are the following aspects in your glasses look? • Are you interested / A accessory possibilities of glasses? • How important to you as the eyeglasses would be accessorized with the following • An example of an adjustable single record, assume that you are in the following situation: you are under any medication and have taken several medications at different times. Are you interested in the possibility that your glasses voice alert when should you take a drug and what is it? • What is your present occupation? • Which of the following fits your monthly income? • In what age range you belong? • Gender

2.1. Research Findings •

Participants on the basis of gender?

Figure 5. Percentage of candidate using Glasses for different Purposes Of eyeglass wearers, 34.75% use them for protection, 59.88% to correct a defect of view and 5.42% is considered an accessory. How often do you use your glasses for the following activities? 74,23% 63,72% 47,56% 32,40% 17,35% 4,53%

1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

2

3

4

5

6

Figure 6. Purpose of Use by percentage Eye weakness short distance Eye weakness long distance To work on computer For sun Protection For other activities Use as Accessory

Research findings shows that 74.23% use glasses to see for corrective purpose to look for close distance. 63.72% for far distance, 47.56% for working on the computer, 32.40% for protection against the sun, 17.35% use glasses for any activity they perform, and very little of them, namely 4.53% considered glasses as a simple accessory. How important for you the glasses would be accessorized with the following?

Figure 3. Participants Of the 30 respondents, 8 of them are men and 22 women. •

Are you carrying / bearing glasses?

Figure 4. Participant using glasses •

Why you wear glasses?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Figure 7. Accessories by percentage Flashlight Laser Camera audio-video Blood pressure Radio/MP3 Pulse counter Hands free Data storage capacity Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/29/17 5:16 AM

9.

Temperature sensor

Answers to this question considering only "important" and "very important" respondents responded as follows: 12.74% consider important and very important for glasses to be accessorized with flashlight, 2.70% would like laser, 24.56 % would like to have room and audio-video built 37.50% would like to be able to measure voltage with something that is an accessory for spectacles, 56.35% would like a radio or MP3 built 3.75% would wants to be able to count steps, 61.94% think the hands free accessory importantly, 46.20% considered advantageous for glasses to be able to play previously stored words and phrases, and 29.64% would like be able to measure the temperature. Table 1. Categorization of Accessories

Qualiqa software is used to determine the characteristics of the product. Technique for determining the characteristics of the final product is a fast and unexpectedly gives good results in a relatively short time. With this method it was concluded that the glasses should have follows: glasses "pads", arms curved frame with speaker jack, mini USB, battery, microcontroller, hands-free and cord

Glasses Accessories

Very Important (%)

Important (%)

Medium (%)

1. Flash Light

5,40

12,686

12,74

2. Laser 3. Audio and video camera 4. Blood Pressure Measurement

1,45

1,25

2,7

14,48

10,08

24,56

4. MODELLING PRODUCT DESIGN AND ASSEMBLY

17,41

20,09

37,5

5. Radio/MP3 6. Pulse Counter

38,4

17,95

56,35

1,5

2,25

3,75

Smart glasses are a new product on the market developed strongly in the last hundred years, a product designed to revolutionize glasses for use in reaction to user with new features:

7. Hands free 8. Data Storage Capacity 9. Temperature Sensor

32,42

29,52

61,94

12,5

33,7

46,2

15,24

14,4

29,64

The most important accessories are radio / MP3's with a percentage of 56.35% hands free software with 61, 94% and playback of certain phrases or words previously stored with 46.2%.

2.2. Setting objective and their share As a result of marketing research have been established as the needs of the respondents as follows: • • •

Figure 8. Needs vs CTQs

To fulfill the role Easy to use Have certain accessories.

These needs are transformed into functions with a weight of 4,3, 3 from a total of 10.

2.3. General design basis:

• • • •

Built-in speaker for playback Memory capacity Connectability for external devices (PC) Radio

Of course we do not deny the order principal that led to vision correction glasses namely. Smart way it can be equipped with both lenses for distance vision and for near vision (in a range of dioptres). We offer customers the opportunity to use anti-glare lenses or / and Reflection.

4.1. Mechanical Component Glasses SMART glasses are designed on the basis of recent fashion trends with versatile electronics and more ergonomic style. SMART glasses conceptual design using CAD program shown in figure 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Lenses Frame Ports for jack and USB Battery housing Speakers

Glasses with radio, hands free and playback possibility of stored information.

3. INNOVATIVE PRODUCT DESIGN To make design more optimize analysis is done on the basis of needs. This analysis is useful to transform customer priorities to guide the product design and out comes can be identified easily. The clients and the correlations between customer needs and characteristics. Figure 9. Mechanical Design of Glasses

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4.2. Instructions for use In terms of vision correction arranged function is not need any description, this being achieved is as easy and natural as before: • Place the glasses on. • Ensure by ear hook and the rest miracle takes effect • Correct order and continue daily activities. • For the radio to start, jack connects to the glasses, which will act as buttons on support. • Regarding storage and playback function, glasses are able to store some words and voice and have the capability to play back thought speakers. • To connect the glasses to external media (PC) Use the supplied cables shown in figure 10.

They have a number of modern features: - hands-free system, radio, player information and opportunity are very modern design practices and our product is for people regardless of age, social class, depending. We propose the creation of this product attracting a large number of customers, satisfying them and also continuously improve product quality. Our company's desire is to become market leaders in the field of smart optics. To achieve the above objectives we start from the premise: “Our client should be fully satisfied. "Then its satisfaction will increase company profits and also unconditional extension. Quality is the base word in the promotion of our product - "0 defects", "continuous improvement”. Company strategy is shown in figure 12.

Figure 10. USB and Jack Ports

5. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS SMART Glasses contains following electronic components • • • • • • •

Circuit board Microcontroller Li-Ion battry Mini USB Handsfree Jack Loud Speaker

Figure 12. Company Strategy

6. PACKING The product is packaged in an elegant and useful spectacle, used both for protection, storage and transport as shown in figure 11.

An important aspect in achieving the desired goal is the way we attract customers, how we try to capture attention. In terms of pricing strategy will enable customers to test the product before buying for three days, while they may be familiar with using Glasses. We provide customers with warranty for 3 years from the date of invoice of product and throughout the warranty we provide free service. Promotion involves the possibility of product advertising in newspapers, magazines, on television, the Internet, advertising, banners, street banners, etc. Promotion strategy is shown in fig 13.

Figure 11. Packing

7. DISTRIOBUTION. SALES STRATEGY, PROMOTION, PRICING STRATEGY. 7.1. Sales Strategy. Promotion. Among the many products on the market we chose to create a new, revolutionary market strategy.

Figure 13. Promotion Strategy Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/29/17 5:16 AM

Company slogan is shown in fig 14 along company logo.

Figure 14. Logo and slogan

8. MAINTENANCE Maintenance of these glasses is engineered like ordinary glasses. • For cleaning the lenses there will be a special soft plastic (Provided). Using any other material (eg garment) may cause scratches on the surface of lenses actually uncovered by the insurance policy; • To avoid locking joints goggles is recommended when it is necessary to use a lubricant (eg oil fine mechanisms); • For proper operation of the product. it is recommended to connect the power source every night or every 3 nights if used moderately. Forgetting device connected to the power supply overnight there no risk, as it will automatically pause when batteries are fully charged. Smart glasses are protected against moisture and condensation and droplets of rain and also avoid immersing them in liquid.

9. WITHDRAWAL, DISASSEMBLING, DISMANTLING, RECYCLING, DESTRUCTION, DISPOSAL, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 9.1. Withdrawal from market Withdrawal or recall of product from market is always last resort for the company and is also difficult to track the product. In case of smart glasses we have devised the batch and numbering system in such a way that it could be easy to track the location of product .In this case each product is numbered universally independent of the batch or lot of the product specifically for a designated dealer and in case of call for withdrawal each dealer in specific country and city would directly access to Central Control System for Product Regulation (CCSPR). A SMART glasses code is shown

Figure 15. Bar code with intended address Bar code represents the “eu ” represents product will sent to Europe and followed number indicates the number of the lot, “ro” represents the country code followed by the batch number in this country “sb” represent the city number followed by the packet number where final four digits represents the product identification and dealer data.

9.2. Disassembling/Dismantling In spite of Hi tech circuitry, mechanism and delicate material smart glasses are made user friendly, and easy to disassemble. Disassembling process is defined in 3 steps as follows

• Power source Removal: In this category mechanically locked battery cap is removed and batteries are taken out. • Primary Disassembling: In this category all mechanical components, like glasses and frame arms are removed • Secondary Disassembling: Secondary disassembling is final and most crucial stage of disassembling in this part electronics along with microcontroller are removed This type of disassembling strategy makes the smart glasses to be repaired easily and in case of component failure the component should be replaced without a lot a technical expertise and effort. Also this disassembling ensures the usage of these components in some other products in case of recycling.

9.3. Recycling Recycling process works by mechanically separating the metals, plastics, and circuit s contained in the appliance .The process is described under disassembling heading. Smart glasses are made up of 95% recyclable material and are eco friendly. Completely obeying the European recycling act which is as follows, Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC[5]. Smart glasses completely comply with this act. This Regulation aims at guaranteeing a high level of protection of human health and the interests of consumers with regard to the placing on the Community market of materials and articles intended to come into contact with food either directly or indirectly

9.4. Environmental impact of Smart Glasses Smart Glasses major constituents are plastic, hi tech metal alloy, lithium ion batteries. Because 95% of the smart glasses are recyclable hence they have much less impact on the Environmental. Environmental impact of all these components assessed on the basis of following criteria’s to insure the environmental friendly product. • High Power Efficiency : Smart Glasses run on very low power, such superior power efficiency of the smart glasses is found to be beneficial to the environment, in general • Environmentally-harmful Production Processes: Production process is devised to run lowest energy consumption and waste production, which further reduction of the consumption of naturally occurring fossil fuels, hence putting this product one step further into the eco friendly products. • Harmful Chemicals: The most harmful chemical that this product have are lithium ion and polymers, but because of advancement in the material and technology they all are 100% recyclable • E-waste: Obsolete smart glasses eventually add to the ewaste, which gets dumped in environmentally-unsafe landfill sites if not recycled. Because of the low metallic contents this product offer environmental safety if dumped for a longer period into landfills.

9.5. Storage and Destruction Smart Glasses should be stored at room temperature 25c and must not be exposed to high temperature like more than 45c for more than 48 hours. Integrated circuits and opto-isolators have an MSL rating typically 1 so this circuitry is properly sealed during manufacturing to avoid humidity effect, to reduce the pop corn effect. Shelf life of this product is declared as 2 years after 2 years packing must be rechecked again. Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/29/17 5:16 AM

This we achieve through its website where we have a section of opinions and ideas for improvement, we also have an e-mail clients opinions section, periodic surveys and questionnaires.

11. CONCLUSION

Figure 16. Destruction and Recycling Process Physical destruction of product involves using a crusher. Other methods of destruction includes but is not limited to cutting, breaking, smashing, shredding and burning after removing glasses – to otherwise render the product “inoperable”. Destruction of this product does not require SCRs (Specific Control Rooms) and destruction can be done anywhere except populated areas.

10. FEEDBACK FOR A SUSTAINABLE REDESIGN To succeed this product to resist as much as the market and actually have a life cycle as necessary as long as product purchase customers give us feedback needed to achieve our objectives and to resist all the glasses market.

A complete and thorough product life cycle of SMART glasses is presented from conception to disposal and destruction. Product is new and revolutionary. Along with other uses of the product, SAMRT glasses can be used for more than just ordinary purpose, where they can be found helpful in assisting old people on special medical treatment and at the same time can be used for military purpose. Company’s market strategy is thorough which gives solution for critical steps like product promotion and pricing strategy. To avoid the decline of the product and increase continual improvement effective feedback system is introduced. Inside of the company policy of “0 defects” product trials, warranty for 3 years and free services including online client assistance are provided to the costumers for the customer satisfactions to make product and company a beacon of trust. Small details are also addressed in the PLM cycle like environmental issues, specifically engineered mechanism of the product for user friendly disassembling and maintenance, transportation and shelf life according to MSL rating, and a new call back system with unique bar code. This product is not intended for children under 3 years. Contains components that can be detached and there is risk iof inhaling the components.

12. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SMART Glasses PLM team is thankful to Prof. Dan Brindasu for their technical and moral support in completing this product.

13. REFERENCES 1.

2. 3. 4. Figure 17. PLM Feedback for Sustainable Redesign 5.

Kriss, Timothy C.; Kriss, Vesna Martich (April 1998). "History of the Operating Microscope: From Magnifying Glass to Microneurosurgery". Neurosurgery 42 (4): 899– 907 Pliny the Elder. "Natural History". Retrieved 2008-04-27 Ronchi, Vasco, Perche non si ritrova l'inventore degli Occhiale?, Rivista di oftalmologia, v. 1, 1946, p. 140. Joseph Needham, Science & Civilisation in China (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1962), volume IV, part 1, page 121. http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004: 338:0004:0017:en:PDF

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