Des Plaines Fire Department Hazardous Materials Operations Refresher Program

• In our organization, we are trained to: • NFPA 472 – Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Material/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents • OSHA HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) standard 29 CFR 1910.120

• All DPFD personnel are trained to meet the minimum standard of the Hazmat Operations role. This role allows us to implement/support actions to protect nearby persons, the environment, or property from the effects of release of a hazardous material

Overview: Standards

• Analyze the scene of a hazardous materials/WMD incident to determine the scope of the emergency • Survey the scene to identify containers and materials involved • Collect information from available reference sources • Predict the likely behavior of a hazardous material • Estimate the potential harm the substances might cause • Plan a response to the release, including selection of the correct level of personal protective clothing • Perform decontamination • Preserve evidence • Evaluate the status and effectiveness of the response

Overview: Core Tasks

• Estimating the Potential Harm • Identify a resource for determining the size of an endangered area of a hazardous materials incident • Using readily available reference sources, identify initial containment and isolation zones for products identified

Primary Responsibilities

• Identification of Possible Hazard Sources • For a given response identify what actions would be taken for a product release/leak • • • • • •

Response route based on weather conditions Staging locations Product location Water supply options Possible evacuation distances Notification procedures for Technician Level response

Primary Responsibilities

• Predict the behavior of a material & its container • Determine the potential consequences of container failure and methods of determining product behavior • Identify hazards associated with the container in a variety of situations • Use MSDS for product and identify basic chemical properties

Primary Responsibilities

• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency SOP's\Hazmat\New SOPs per RRJ\HAZ-MAT Running Orders E.doc • Communication #: 06-08-33 Effective Date: 08-29-06 • HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ALARM: An emergency involving the uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance that poses an unreasonable risk to health and safety of individuals and property.

• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency SOP's\Hazmat

DPFD Hazmat SOPs

• DPFD Level I: Incident that can be controlled by first responders. No evacuation necessary beyond initial site. Small area that poses no immediate threats to life, property, or environment. May be handled by a single engine company (ex. Auto leaking fuel)

Hazmat Incident Response Levels

• DPFD Level II – Incident has greater hazard/area involved than Level I. May pose danger to life, property, and environment. This incident may require limited evacuation/protective area of surrounding sites. If formal response required, 12 technicians and MABAS would be called. (ex. Minor accidental chemical spill at industrial location)

Hazmat Incident Response Levels

• DPFD Level III – Incident that poses severe danger to life, property, and environment. May involve large scale protective actions, etc. Incident will require MABAS assistance as well as state/federal support(ex. Large scale train derailment with numerous tanker cars on fire)

Hazmat Incident Response Levels

• • • • • •

Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Penetration/Direct Contact Injection Radiation

Routes of Exposure

• The acronym TRACEMP defines potential health effects: • • • • • • •

Thermal Radiological Asphyxiation Corrosive Etiological (bacterial infection/disease) Mechanical Psychological

Hazardous Material Health Effects

• Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – Exposure concentration in PPM which begins to affect a person in any way • Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – OSHA’s legal limit for exposure to a chemical substance • Time Weighted Average (TLV/TWA) – Average exposure limit over 8hr day and 40 hr work week

Hazmat Exposure Limits

• Ceiling (TLV/C) – Maximum concentration that should not be exceeded at any time • Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV/STEL) – 15 min exposure limit concentration • Cannot be repeated more than 4x per 24 hr period • Should have at least 1 hr between exposure periods • The lower the TLV/STEL, the more toxic the substance

• Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) – Immediate

• The concentration which poses an immediate threat to life or could cause irreversible or delayed health effects • 3 types: Toxic, flammable, oxygen deficient

Hazmat Exposure Limits

• • • • • • • • •

Fuel storage facilities Gas/service stations and convenience stores Paint supply stores Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities Pest control and lawn care companies Medical facilities Photo processing laboratories Dry cleaners Plastic and high-technology factories

Commercial Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials

• ALWAYS approach uphill and upwind if possible • Look for possible clues to the incident upon approach • Establish initial isolation perimeters/distances as soon as possible (ERG) • Establish cold, warm, and hot zones

Site Management

• Shelter-in-place: Have areas affected turn off all HVAC, close windows, etc. Stay indoors listening via radio or TV for instructions • Evacuation: Have people in affected areas physically move to a safe specific location. Remember factors such as ability to disseminate info, time involved, population at risk, routes of travel, etc. (If in hot zone, mass emergency decontamination may be required)

Site Management: Public

• Emergency Decontamination Setup • Establish in Cold Zone • Attempt to control runoff (Tarp) • Can be accomplished with a charged crosslay laid out in a circle, placed tarp on top, use trash line as water supply • H:\Fire\Common\EMS\CPR\Hazmat\Mass Casualty Decon Diagram.pdf

Site Management: Public

• 7 primary clues to identify a hazardous material: • • • • • • •

Shipping papers/documents Container shapes/types Placards/labels Detection equipment Markings/colors Type of occupancy/location Senses

Hazmat Identification Methods

• Sources for names of hazardous materials at transportation incidents: • On-site personnel • Shipping papers

• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) • Emergency Response Guide (requires general identification of U.S. DOT placards)

Hazmat Identification Methods

Highway Transport Shipping paper name: Bill of lading Location of shipping paper: Vehicle cab Responsible party: Driver

Hazmat Identification Methods

Rail Transport Shipping paper name: Waybill/Consist Location of shipping paper: Engine or Caboose Responsible party: Conductor

Hazmat Identification Methods

Water Transport Shipping paper name: Dangerous Cargo Manifest Location of shipping paper: Bridge or Pilothouse Responsible party: Captain or Master

Hazmat Identification Methods

Air Transport Shipping paper name: Air Bill Location of shipping paper: Cockpit Responsible party: Pilot

Hazmat Identification Methods

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Contains information about: -Manufacturer/Distributor -Emergency contact information -Basic chemical properties -Health and safety hazards -Emergency response -Waste disposal of a material

Hazmat Identification Methods

Remember:

The ERG is your friend

Identifying An Unknown Hazardous Material

• Rail Tank Cars: Dry bulk, mixed cargo, pressure, non-pressure • Cargo Trailer Trucks: • • • • • • •

Non-pressure liquid tank (MC306) Low-pressure chemical tank (MC307) Corrosive liquid tank (MC312) High-pressure tank (MC331) Cryogenic liquid tank (MC338, MC306) Compressed gas/tube trailer (compressed gases H, O, He, CH4) Dry bulk cargo

Transportation Vehicles

• All rail tank cars and road trailer identification charts are located in the 2008 ERG pgs. 18-19

Transportation Vehicles

MC306 Non-pressure Liquid Tank – Guide 131 Typically hauls flammable and combustible liquids

Transportation Vehicles

Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer – Guide 134 Dry goods e.g. powders, pellets, fertilizers, grain

Transportation Vehicles

Compressed Gas/Tube Trailer – Guide 117 Compressed gases e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, helium, methane

Transportation Vehicles

MC331 High Pressure Tank – Guide 117 Ammonia, Freon, butane

Transportation Vehicles

MC312 Corrosive Liquid Tank – Guide 137 Corrosives e.g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide

Transportation Vehicles

Pressure Tank Car Compressed Liquified Gases – Guide 117

Non-pressure Tank Car Liquids – Guide 131

Transportation Vehicles

Intermodal

Transportation Vehicles

• Non-bulk package: contains solids, liquids, or gases per DOT definitions • Liquids: capacity 119 gal or less • Solids: net mass 882 lbs or less (or capacity of 119 gal or less) • Gases: water capacity of 1001 lbs or less

Hazmat Identification Methods: Non-bulk packages

• Transportation container types for non-bulk materials may include: • Bottles, carboys, jerricans, cylinders, boxes, barrels, bags, drums

Hazmat Identification Methods: Non-bulk packages

• U.S. Department of Transportation marking system is an identification system characterized by labels, placards and markings • Placards: diamond-shaped indicators placed on all four sides of any form of transportation carrying hazmat • Labels: smaller versions (4” diamond-shaped indicators) on all four sides of individual boxes/smaller packages • Markings: typically on rail cars

Characteristics of DOT labels

• Must be used by chemical manufacturers and importers

• Must include one of four signal words if for consumer use: • • • •

CAUTION – Minor health effects WARNING – Moderate hazards DANGER – Highest degree of hazard POISON – Highly toxic (pesticides)

Manufacturers Labels and Signal Words

• Must include specific information: • Name and business address of the manufacturer, packer, distributor or seller • Name of each hazardous ingredient • Statement of the principal hazard • Precautionary statements • Instructions for first-aid treatment • Instructions for special handling or storage • Statement “Keep out of the reach of children”

Manufacturers Labels and Signal Words

Manufacturers Labels and Signal Words

• • • • • • • • •

Class 1 – Explosives Class 2 – Gases (flammable/non-flammable/toxic) Class 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids Class 4 – Flammable solids (spontaneous combustion and water reactive materials) Class 5 – Oxidizing substances/Organic peroxides Class 6 – Toxins/Infectious Substances Class 7 – Radioactive Materials Class 8 – Corrosive Substances Class 9 – Miscellaneous Hazmat

DOT Hazard Classes

• All classifications and associated divisions can be found in the 2008 ERG page 14

DOT Hazard Classes

The DOT Marking System for first responders is located in the 2008 ERG pgs. 16-17 Once a placard is identified, use this marking system to establish initial containment and isolation zones

DOT Marking System

Each diamond labeled with a number from 0-4, 0 being least hazardous and 4 being most hazardous (Seeing a 4 in any field will easily kill you)

NFPA 704 Marking System

Blue = 0 -no health hazard Red = 3 -can be ignited under almost ambient temp conditions Yellow = 0 -Normally stable, even under fire conditions, not reactive with water White = blank -No special considerations

NFPA 704 Marking System

Blue = 0 -Exposure would cause irritation with only minor residual injury Red = 4 -Flash point below 73 F Will readily ignite at atm pressure Yellow = 0 -Normally stable, even under fire conditions, not reactive with water White = blank -No special considerations

NFPA 704 Marking System

A.

B. Hazard Key:

C.

D.

1. Mass Detonation 2. Explosion-withfragment 3. Mass Fire 4. Moderate Fire

Military Marking System

Emergency Response Guide - about 4000 chemicals - not for long-term action plans 4 colored sections: - Yellow: chemicals by UN/ID # - Blue: chemicals listed alphabetically - Orange: hazard class, fire/explosion hazards, health hazards, basic emergency actions *If on fire, read here first - Green: Initial isolation distances

ERG

Guide 111: Guide for mixed load/ unidentified cargo

ERG

ERG

*Small spill = 55 gal or less

*Large spill = >55gal or multiple small spills *Toxic gases when mixed with water if you see: “when spilled in water”

ERG

ERG practice (13:00)

• ID 1972 • Mult. Poss. • Cryogenic Liquid

• Guide 115 • Not highlighted in green • Isolate 330 ft.

ERG practice

ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)

• Class 6 • Toxic/infectious substances

• • • • •

Guide 153 Isolate 150 ft. for liquids Isolate 75 ft. for solids Keep out of low areas Ventilate enclosed areas

ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)

ERG practice (100 gal, 10:00)

• • • • •

ID 1079 Sulfur dioxide Highlighted in green Guide number 125 If no fire go to iso.table 1st • 1250 ft. in all directions • 1.3 mi. downwind

ERG practice (100 gal, 10:00)

ERG practice (9:00)

• Class 9 • Miscellaneous hazmat

• • • •

Guide 171 Not highlighted in green Isolate liquids 150 ft. Isolate solids 75 ft.

ERG practice (9:00)

ERG practice (19:00)

• UN ID 3082 – multiple poss. • Class 9 • Miscellaneous hazmat

• • • •

Guide 171 Not highlighted in green Isolate liquids 150 ft. Isolate solids 75 ft.

ERG practice (19:00)

ERG practice (55gal, 20:00)

• • • • •

ID 1017 - Chlorine Class 2 – Gases (toxic) Highlighted in green Guide number 124 If no fire go to iso. table 1st • 200 ft. in all directions • 1.0 mi. downwind • From guide 124

• Gases are heavier than air • Keep out of low areas

ERG practice (55gal, 20:00)

ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)

• Class 7 • Radioactive

• Guide 163 • Not highlighted in green • Isolation 75 feet • Time • Distance • Shielding

ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)

ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)

• • • • • • •

Methanol Guide 131 – flammable liq. toxic No green highlighting Isolation 150 ft. Keep out of low areas Ventilate before entering If this spilled completely • How much foam would you need?

ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)

• • • •

55 gal drum 1 gal = approx 25 sq. ft. 55 gal = approx 1375 sq. ft. Quantity of foam needed= • Area*app.rate*conc%*15min • 1375*0.1gpm/sq.ft.*.03*15 = 62 gal

• Quick estimate for 3% = area/20 • 1400/20 = 70 gal of 3% AFFF

ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)

ERG practice

QUESTIONS?

• Schnepp, Rob, Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations 1st Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. Copyright 2010 • Hildebrand, Noll, Yvorra, Hazardous Materials: Managing the Incident 3rd Edition, Redhat Publishing Company, Inc. Copyright 2005 • Copley, Terry, Hazardous Materials For First Responders 3rd Edition, Board of Regents, OSU. Copyright 2004 • 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook

References