Doc T-7/44-26

Current status of digital broadcasting in Japan and toward new services

October 30, 2007 Takashi Kato Planning Division Engineering Administration Department NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)

Outline

1. Digital terrestrial broadcasting in Japan 2. HDTV 3. Human-friendly broadcasting services 4. Disaster preparedness and relief 5. Broadcasting services for the future

2

1. Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting

Purpose of Digitalization Japan’s nation-wide IT promotion Integrated and advanced broadcasting Efficient use of frequency resources

„ „ „ 現在 Present 370 MHz １

完全移行後 Complete Transition

（ＶＨＦ）

１２

テレビ放送以外に Other uses 転用

（ＵＨＦ）

１３

６２ ５２ 放送以外へ転用 52 or （移動体通信等） ５４

デジタルテレビ放送 Digital terrestrial TVTV Digital Terrestrial

13 １３

Other uses

240 MHz

Available from 25 July, 2011

Available from 25 July, 2012

Under consideration 90 MHz

108 MHz 170 MHz

Broadcast 18 MHz Except Digital Television

UHF High band

VHF High band

VHF Low band

207.5 MHz 202.5 MHz 222 MHz

Public Communication 35 MHz Emergency, Police, Fire Station etc.

Broadcast 17 MHz Except Digital Television

Guard Band 5 MHz

710 MHz

730 MHz

ITS 10MHz Guard Band 5 MHz

770 MHz

Mobile Phone 40 MHz

Guard Band 5 MHz

4

Schedule of Digitalization of Broadcasting Media in Japan 2003

2006

2011

Beijing

The Winter Olympics The Football World Cup The Summer Olympics

48 million HH 100 million sets Launched on Dec. 1, 2003

90% of Households covered as of Oct., 2007

Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka Metropolitan Area Terrestrial TV

Expansion of Service Area

Digital Terrestrial TV

Other parts（by 2006） Services for Mobile Equipment Started on April 1, 2006

Conventional Analogue TV

Satellite TV

BS Digital TV

Ends in July, 2011

Started on Dec. 1, 2000

Increase Channels

BS Analogue TV

BS Analogue HDTV

Ends in 2011 Ends in 2007

5

Rapid Spread of Digital TV Sets in Japan million

As of August 31, 2007

3,000 30 28 2,800

2,600 26 2,400 24 2,200 22 2,000 20 18 1,800

ケーブルテレビ（アナログ変換） Cable TV (Digital /Analog Converters)

Access to Digital Broadcasting Satellite

28.2 million

ケーブルテレビ（デジタルSTB） Cable TV (Digital STBs) BSデジタルTV（液晶・PDP） Flat Panel Type Digital TVs BSデジタルテレビ（ブラウン管） CRT Type Digital TVs BSデジタルチューナー Digital STBs デジタルチューナー内蔵録画機

Digital Broadcasting Satellite Receivers

26.7 million Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Receivers

24.2 million

Digital Receivers & Recorders

16 1,600 14 1,400

B) V T T e al S l b it Ca ig (D

Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Launched

1,200 12 1,000 10 800 8 600 6 4 400

FIFA World Cup 2002 Korea and Japan V rter) Cable T Analog Conve / (Digital

CRT Type Digital STB

Digital PVR

Aug-2007 Jul-2007 Jun-2007 May-2007 Apr-2007 Mar-2007 Feb-2007 Jan-2007 Dec-2006 Nov-2006 Oct-2006 Sep-2006 Aug-2006 Jul-2006 Jun-2006 May-2006 Apr-2006 Mar-2006 Feb-2006 Jan-2006 Dec-2005 Nov-2005 Oct-2005 Sep-2005 Aug-2005 Jul-2005 Jun-2005 May-2005 Apr-2005 Mar-2005 Feb-2005 Jan-2005 Dec-2004 Nov-2004 Oct-2004 Sep-2004 Aug-2004 Jul-2004 Jun-2004 May-2004 Apr-2004 Mar-2004 Feb-2004 Jan-2004 Dec-2003 Nov-2003 Oct-2003 Sep-2003 Aug-2003 Jul-2003 Jun-2003 May-2003 Apr-2003 Mar-2003 Feb-2003 Jan-2003 Dec-2002 Nov-2002 Oct-2002 Sep-2002 Aug-2002 Jul-2002 Jun-2002 May-2002 Apr-2002 Mar-2002 Feb-2002 Jan-2002 Dec-2001 Nov-2001 Oct-2001 Sep-2001 Aug-2001 Jul-2001 Jun-2001 May-2001 Apr-2001 Mar-2001 Feb-2001 Jan-2001 Dec-2000 Nov-2000

200 2 0 0

Flat Panel TV (PDP & LCD)

6

Compact, Low Price Converter

Video output

Standard Definition

Audio output

(L, R) two devices

Frequency band VHF and UHF Electric power

21 W

Size

H100×W25×D131 (mm) 7

Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Service ISDB-T 6 MHz/1 Freq. Channel: 13 segments

HDTV Case1

Data Casting SDTV

SDTV

SDTV

Case2

2~3 SDTV channels

Data Casting

Combining and transmitting HD/SDTV & mobile services together over the same frequency channel

Flexibility for several service/reception styles 8

One-Seg Service for Mobile Phones „ Launched on April 1, 2006 Fusion of Broadcasting & Telecommunications NHK

ＢＭＬ

NHK ｰ町のお知らせ ｰくらし便利帳 ようこそ植田町へ ｰ町営バス時刻表 ｰ図書館だより ｰ観光案内 ｰ防災情報

ＢＭＬ

お問い合わせ 植田町広報課

HTＭＬ

Watching TV Program via Broadcasting

Browsing Data-cast Content via Broadcasting

Broadcast-linked Content via Mobile Internet

Mobile Internet Services of Various Provider

9

Shipping of One-Seg Equipped Mobile Phones (million) 14,000 14

by Month

Total

13,241 11,774

12,000 12

9,905

10,000 10

8,437 7,660

8 8,000

6,567 6,000 6 4,000 4

2 2,000

1,1871,497 310

0

untilJun-06

2,361 2,048 1,736

239

312

313

2,834

473

3,409

4,960 3,840

1120 575

431

1607

1093

1468

1869

1467

777

Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07

10

Other One-Seg Terminals

In-car DTTB receivers 702,000 units (as of August, 2007)

Portable DVDs and music players

PC

Laptop PCs 124,000 units (as of August, 2007)

USB tuner units and PC cards

11

2. NHK Facilities and Production for HDTV Programs

HDTV Facilities of NHK „ TV studios Tokyo headquarters Regional headquarters Other regional stations Total

HDTV

22

4

5

31

SDTV

4

8

26

38

„ Studio cameras HDTV

271

187

179

637

SDTV

60

84

214

358

„ Camcoders for newsgathering HDTV

112

81

184

375

SDTV

0

0

0

0

„ Camcoders for other programs HDTV

127

53

126

306

SDTV

33

0

5

38 13

5.1ch Surround Techniques for HDTV Programs „ Digital broadcasting to enhance realistic sensation z HD video z 5.1ch surround audio

„ “Down mix” z To change 5.1ch surround audio into stereo audio z Required for receiver without surround equipment

Investigate techniques for program production to maintain compatibility between the down mix stereo and 5.1ch surround sound.

Example in ABU document T-7/34-5; “Appropriate technique of 5.1 surround and DownMix in Japan”

14

HD Video Server System Replacing VCR tapes with video servers has led to many benefits such as reduced preparation time and more efficient workflow. HD tapeless video server system for satellite channels z More than 70% of news footage for satellite channels is now tapeless.

Recording

Material Server

Editing

Play out

Playout Server (M)

HD NLE

(HD)

Proxy Server

(HD)

Playout Server (S)

Proxy NLE

(HD)

(SD)

Recording Section

Preview Server

Editing Section

News Controller

(QVGA)

The details will be presented at Invited Presentation-3 on 1 Nov.; “Introduction and Operation of HD Video Server System for News Broadcasting” (ABU document T-7/34-6)

15

HDTV Images from Space Live broadcast from ISS „ The live relay from the International Space Station, 340 km above Earth, was on November 15, 2006. International Space Station

Live broadcast from ISS

Video “SELENE” HDTV from the moon „ “SELENE”, Japan’s first lunar explorer, was launched in September, 2007. „ It will take HD moving images of “beautiful earthrise from surface of the moon”

West coastline South America

World’s first photo of the earth shot from 110,000 km away

We expect to see beautiful earthrise scenes soon. Source: JAXA

HD Camera

16

Special-purpose Cameras for HDTV Ultrahigh-speed camera „ Capture phenomena too fast for the human eye to see under ordinary lighting conditions „ The camera can shoot at 1 million frames per second.

Ultrahigh-speed camera

Video sample

Ultrahigh-sensitivity HDTV camera „ For night-time emergency broadcasts, science programs, etc. „ Clear HDTV picture even under moonlit conditions z 100 X sensitivity of conventional CCD camera

Picture captured by conventional CCD camera (Gained up:+42dB)

New-Super-HARP camera

Picture captured by HARP camera17

Multi-view HDTV System More dynamic and impressive images for live sports TV productions Three-dimensional and dynamic views of the action z Switching between multiple cameras during playback z Cameras set around the field, stadium, and athletes themselves

A broadcast sequence of multi-view HDTV

Video sample Described in ABU document T-7/34-7; “Advanced HD video image technologies for Sports TV Productions”.

18

3. Human-friendly Broadcasting Services

Human-friendly Broadcasting Services We must promote and enhance broadcasting services for hearing impaired and elderly people. „ Closed-captions

View TV program in a bus or train, where it is difficult to turn up the volume.

Digital TV One-Seg Receiver

„ Speech rate conversion Reduces the speech rate in broadcast programs 20

Real-time Closed-Captioning using Speech Recognition Not easy to make Japanese text from speech in real-time by keyboard Speech recognition technology „ News programs from 2000 to 2006 z Applied to anchorpersons’ speech in a studio

Direct speech recognition by recognizer

Manual error correction

Closed-captions

„ Sports and other live programs since 2001 z “Re-speak” method in which another speaker rephrases original speech z Enables summarization of original narrations. Re-spoken utterances have no background noise. Re-speak + speech recognition by recognizer

Manual error correction

Described in ABU document T-7/42-3; “Real-Time Closed-Captioning Using Speech Recognition”.

Closed-captions

21

Speech Rate Conversion „ Speech rate conversion for elderly persons z Reduces speech rate in broadcast programs at the receiver. z Radios and TVs with this function on the market. z Retains original voice pitch, personality and quality. z Allows listeners to listen to slow speech in real-time without sense of lagging behind original speech. z Applicable to speech in any language.

Real-time speech Pause Good morning everyone!

Converted speech Good morning everyone!

Here at NHK,

Shorten pause Here at NHK,

Slowed at start, gradually faster

Converted speech is synchronized with the real-time speech

Slower speech

Faster speech

„ NHK Online (Home Page) z Slower/faster speech function can be selected on radio news in home page

Latest news News broadcasted at noon News broadcasted at 7:00 am News broadcasted at 10:00 pm

NHK Radio News page (http://www.nhk.or.jp/r-news/)

22

4. Disaster Preparedness and Relief

Broadcasting Services for Disaster Preparedness and Relief Service (1) Emergency warning broadcasting system

Media Analogue terrestrial TV Analogue satellite TV AM/FM radio Digital satellite TV Digital terrestrial TV (2) Earthquake and tsunami Digital satellite TV information services via Digital terrestrial TV data broadcasting One-Seg (3) Earthquake early Analogue terrestrial TV warning broadcasting Digital terrestrial TV system Analogue satellite TV Digital satellite TV One-Seg AM/FM radio

Start of service 1985

December 2000 December 2003 January 17, 2007

October 1, 2007

24

(1) Emergency Warning Broadcasting System „ Automatically switches on TV and radio sets even if they are on standby „ Issues emergency bulletin alerting people to impeding tsunami, earthquake, cyclone, flood, volcanic eruption, or other disaster Automatic Activation

Natural disaster

Meteorological Agency

Al er t

S EW Broadcasting Station

Transmitter

Broadcasting Service Area

z Case study about EWBS technology for Nepal, focusing on systems, network link, EWBS code and disaster management, by Mr. Udaya Krishna Shrestha of Radio Nepal . (visiting researcher at NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories under NHK Research Award 2006)

His work is presented at ABU Developing Broadcaster’s Forum Meeting on 30 Oct.; “A Summary of the Research Work on Implementation of an Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) for Nepal” (ABU document T-7/41-1)

25

(2) Earthquake and Tsunami Information Services via Data Broadcasting „ Earthquake and tsunami information data are broadcasted automatically. z “occurrence notification”, “tsunami warnings/advisories”, etc.

„ The information about user’s residential area is distinguished using postal code registered in receiver. Data broadcasting area and information are automatically displayed when an earthquake occurs.

Tsunami and earthquake link appears automatically.

Digital TV (terrestrial / satellite)

One-seg

Earthquake occurrence notification The details will be presented at Topic 2 of Symposium on 31 Oct.; “Earthquake and Tsunami Information Services via Data Broadcasting” (ABU document T-7/41-2)

26

Broadcasting Service Example: in the case of Earthquake Niigata Chuetsu Offshore Earthquake (July 16, 2007) 11 people died, about 2,000 people were injured, and about 39,000 houses were damaged

„ All over Japan ¾ NHK broadcasted breaking news on the earthquake soon after it occurred. ¾ Earthquake information could be accessed through data broadcasting and one-seg phones. Richter scale: 6.8

„ In Niigata prefecture ¾ Multicasting and local data broadcasting provided life saving information and info. about essential utilities.

Local data broadcasting

Multicasting Ch1-1: Net Program

Ch1: Net Program Ch1-2: Local Information of life saving and essential utilities

Data broadcasting

One-Seg

27

(3) Broadcasting Earthquake Early Warnings „ NHK airs alerts by relaying earthquake early warnings issued by Meteorological Agency Media organizations, Emergency services , etc .

Meteorological Agency ▲

W av e

Seismograph

Se c

on da ry

▲

im Pr

ar

a yW

Ear ke a u t h q n in g E ar W ar

Earthquake Early Warning relayed to public

(Translation of text appearing in CG) Earthquake Early Warning (Meteorological Agency) Earthquake has occurred in Chiba. Severe jolting expected in: Chiba, Tokyo, ….

ly

Data

ve

Computer generates Earthquake Early Warning upon detection of P wave

Earthquake

0

5

10

1５

２０ Sec.

Time from Earthquake Early Warning until Arrival of S-wave

Detection of P-Wave

Agency issues Warning

Broadcaster airs Warning

Described in ABU document T-7/41-3; “Broadcasting Earthquake Early Warning”.

Superimposed information

28

5. Broadcasting Services for the Future

Ultrahigh-Definition TV (Super Hi-Vision) „ Future TV system conveying a strong sensation of reality Ultra-HDTV

Visual acuity: 1.0 Viewing angle 1°=60 pixels

7680 pixels 16 times the total number of pixels of HDTV

4320 pixels Hi-Vision

1920 pixels 1080 pixels

100° 30°

Screen height×3

Screen height× 0.75

Standardization to international specifications (Rec. ITU-R BT.1769)

30

Hierarchic Structure from Mobile to Ultra-HDTV 7680 pixels

Ultra-HDTV 32M pixels

Ultra-HDTV: 7680×4320 HDTV: 1920×1080 SDTV: 720×480

4320 pixels

Mobile: 320×240 1920 pixels

HDTV 2M pixels 1080 pixels 720 pixels

SDTV 350k pixels

480 pixels

„ Ultra-HDTV can be used in a mobile environment as well as in public viewing spaces because of its unique high quality video source.

Mobile 320 pixels 75k pixels 240 pixels

31

Advanced Multichannel Sound System „ 22.2 multichannel sound system z z z z

matches sound with the on-screen picture, maintains a sense of realism over a wide viewing range, presents vertical movements of sound sources, compatible with other sound formats. Upper layer (9 channels)

Middle layer (10 channels) Lower layer (3 channels) LFE (2 channels) Described in ABU document T-7/34-4; “Advanced Multichannel Sound System for Future Broadcasting”.

32

Optical Transmission of Uncompressed Ultra-HDTV Signal „ Live-relay optical transmission experiment of ultra-HDTV on November 2, 2005. „ Long-haul optical transmission of uncompressed video and audio signals using DWDM. (DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Tokyo metropolitan Shirai Shinjuku NHK STRL Nihonbashi

260km Kisarazu Kamogawa Maruyama

Described in ABU document T-7/38-2; “Long-Haul Optical Fiber Transmission for an Uncompressed Super Hi-Vision Signal”.

33

First Commercial Use of Ultra-HDTV „ Kyusyu National Museum z Open: October 16, 2005 z Has permanent exhibition theater to present its valuable artifacts on Ultra-HDTV.

350-inch Screen

34

Research on Ultra-HDTV Displays „ Prototype 6.5-inch ultrahigh-resolution PDP with the world’s smallest pixel pitch (0.3 mm). „ Unit stably displays moving images. 270 pixels

0.3-mm pixel pitch

6.5 inch 480 pixels HDTV

1080 pixels

26 inch 1920 pixels

4320 pixels

Ultra-HDTV

104 inch prototype 6.5 inch ultrahigh-resolution PDP 480×270 pixels

7920 pixels

35

Summary World

Asia - Pacific Region for Rich & Mature Life Culture

for Everyone

Entertainment

ABU

for Safe ,Secure, Comfortable Society

Education

Impartial Journalism

Broadcaster Broadcaster Broadcaster Broadcaster Broadcaster Broadcaster

„ Broadcasting z z z z z z

Digital terrestrial broadcasting HDTV Human-friendly broadcasting services Disaster preparedness and relief Ultrahigh-Definition TV etc. 36

Thank You