CONTENTS-NAVEROK Inside Front Cover Map: Kurdish Inhabited Regions 4- 5

Kurdish Alphabet - Elfabeya Kurm

6-7

Abbraviations - Kurtebej

8 - 14

Introduction - Pe�gotin a) Compilation - Berhevkirina Peyvikan b) Alphabet - Elfabe c) Use of the Dictionary

15 - 17

Bibliography - t time. --an/--inan sometimes. --in adj occasional. -di(n) once more, again. -e.k din again, next time. -eke once. -inan sometimes. bi -eke/ke all at once. gelek -(an) often, many times. her every time, always. her -a ku every time, each time. piri-,pire-an often, many times. tu-(i) never. yek- at once; too much, excessively. carcimfa pileless carpet. caris adj shrewish. -if shrewishness. -i .kirin vt behave shrewishly. cariz see caris. carizi see carisi. cari f multiplication sign. ca§ see cah§. catiri n 1 tyhme, bot Thymus vulgaris. 2 marjoram. cav see cab. cavdar see cabdar. caw m cotton fabric, fabric. -birf scissors. cawaz adj different. -if difference. cax f grating, balustrade, stair railing. cayiz adj A religiously permissible; proper, acceptable. cazibe Af chann; attractiveness; attraction. cazufwitch. ce see ceh. cebar n bonesetter. cebari 1 f bonesetting. cebari 2 f tragacanth, bot Astralgalus. cebe§ m watermelon. cebhet see tni. cebik f small basket. cebilxane f munitions. cebirandin (bicebirine) vt make a bone knit.

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cebirin cebirin (bicebire) vi (a broken bone) knit. cebirxane see cebilxane. cebin A see tni. cebt n root of a tree (used to dye leathers). ced m A grandfather, forefather. cedandin (bicedine) vt carry out, execute. cedek see cendek. cedel see minaqe§C. cedid A see nu. ceger f anat -a r.e§ liver. -a si:(1 lungs. -mend adj brave. ceh m barley, bot Hordeum murinurn. i

�

ceh d fA effort; determination, resolution. kirin vt work hard (for sth), struggle. cehenem A see dojeh. cehferi f parsley. cehik m cucumber. cehni see cani. ceh� see cab.§. cehtiri n 1 thyme, bot Thymus vulgaris. 2 marjoram. cehzeran/ astr the Twins, Gemini. cej see cejn. cejnf 1 feast, Bairam, national holiday. 2 festival, festivity. C-a Newroze Krd New Year: 21st March. C-a Qurbane the Feast of Sacrifice (for all Muslims). C-a Rojiye the three-day feast at the end of Ramadan (for all Muslims). C-a Sere Sale New Year Feast. C-a te iiiroz be! Have a happy cejn!. -buyin f birthday party. cela see r.oni. celad n A executioner. celadet see merxasi. celagi f grape molasses. celal see mezinahi. celeb m grade, sort. celew 1 m bit; rein. celew2 adj magnificient, splendid. celi: - bun vi be exiled. -kirin f exile, exiling. - kirin vt exile. celxe m fork. cem m presence, the place near sb or sth.

cerjbandin Ii - prep near, with. Lawi.k Ii - deya xwe ye. The boy is with his mother. cema A see cimet. cema� see cim�. cemat see cemed. cemaze see deve. cemciqandin (bicemciqine) vt stir, mix (liquid). cemedfice, frost. - girtin vt freeze, be frozen. -ankf freezing compartment. cemidandin (bicemidine) vt 1 freeze. 2 cool. cemidi rgd cold. cemidin (bicemide) vi 1 freeze. 2 feel very cold. 3 cool, get cold. cemitin see cemidin. cemi see hemi. cemre n ember. cemser n pole. cena h see bask. cenan 1 see dil. cenan2 n lessee. cenawir adj,n fierce, wild; dangerous wild animal, monster. cenbelif species of tobacco. cencere see cercere. cendek m 1 body. 2 corpse, body. cendere f press, pressing machine. cendirme m Fr gendarme. cengfwa.r, fight. - kirin vt fight. -awer adj,n heroic; fighter, warrior. -aweri f heroism. ceniqandin (biceniqine) vt startle. ceniqin (biceniqe) vi be startled. cengke§ti f warship. cer. 1 m earthenware water jug. cer.2 /screw. -bader f screwdriver. cercere f thresher (with cylindrical wheels pulled by animals). cerd/1 attack, offense. - kirin vt attack. 2 mil detachment; band ( of rebels, etc.). ceres A see zengil. cergf liver. cergebez 1 adj bloody; sorrowful. ngrilled liver. cergebez2 fa Krd dance. cerh A see birin. cerlbandin (bicer.ibine) vt try, test. xwe - vt try OS.

ceribin ceribin (biceribe) vi be tried. ceribok/test, examination. ceryan/A 1 current, flow. 2 electricity. ces f plastcr. cessas II P spy. Ce§ see cah§. cevindok 11 beggar. -ti f begging. -ti .kirin vt beg. cew I f scissors, shears. - .kirin vt shear. cew2 m air, weather. cewahir m A jewel. cewab A see bersiv. cewdikm animal skin used as a water-container. cewr 1 n young dog, pup. cewr2 A f cruelty; oppression; torment cewrik II young dog, pup. cew§en I see §et. cew§en2 see :tirx. cewr O cefa/torture, torment; cruelty. ceza/A punishment, penalty. - bun vibe punished. - dan/kirin vt punish. - xwarin vt be punished. - diravin/fine. cezO m fleece. cezwe m long-handled pot for making coffee. ce see cihe. cejn see cejn. cendik see cenik. cenik.J anat 1 sideburns. 2 temple. cer II I see cer. 2 small part, little amount. ceri/female slave. cewi adj,11 twinned, having a twin; twin. cewik see cewi. cez I f grain after willowing; pile, heap. kirin vt heap up, pile up. cez2 see cihiz. cida see cuda. cift P see cot. cih m place, spot, position, location. dan vt give(sb) a seal; put, place, set or fit (sth) in a place. - guhertin vt change (one's) place or seat, move. -(e ti§teki/ yeki) girtin vt stand in for, be replaced. -e xwe girtin vt take a seat, take one's place. - girtinlbi - bun vi settle, get lodged in,settle in. -(Ii yeki) teng.kirin vt put pressure on sb. bi -.kirin vt place, lodge, situate. di - de right away, im­ mediately, well-timed. Ii -e instead of, in the place of. te de bi - bun vi be contained.

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cil§ogeh cihderk/ starting point, point of depar­ ture; fountain head, source. ciber m nosebag, feed bag. cihe adj separate, apart, different, excep­ tional. - bun vi part, separate. - kirin vt part, separate (sb) from. - - adv sepa­ rately, one by one. - ku prep instead of. cihebuni f loneliness; separation. cihetnima/ compass (device). ciheti f separation, difference. cihexwaz II separatist. -i J separatism. cihez see cihiz. cihgir adj spare, reserved. 11 reserve, substitude, representative. cihgirti adj settled, placed. cihimandin (bicihimine) vt kill (used contemptously). cihimi adj dead. cih. i min (bicih.ime) vi die (used contemptously). cihiz m trousseau. cihki adj local. cihok see co. ciht see cot. CihO n,adj Jew; kwish. Cihud see Cihu. cihwar see ciwar. cil I m dress, clothes. - je _kirin vt undress (sb). - le kirin vtdress,clothe(sb). -(en xwe) ji xwe .kirin vt undress, take off one's clothes. -(en xwe) Ii xwe kirin vt dress os, put on clothes. - §U§tin vt wash clothes, do the laundry. - wergirtin vt dress os., put on clothes. ci12 f pack-saddle. ciP m bed. - danin vt make up a bed, prepare a bed. ketin nav -an vi go to bed. ji nav -an derketin vi get up. cildank/ wardrobe. cilfu see lehi. cils/plaster, plaster stone, gypsum. cil§O f washing machine; washerperson.

cil§ogeh f laundrette, washhouse.

cimn cimet,cime�/ A congregation, meeting, gathering o f people. cin n genie, demon. -dar adj haunted. le xis tin vt have a stroke, see a ghosL cinabet adj A ritually unclean. cinan see cenan. cinaq m wishbone. cincilandin (bicinciline) vt purify. cincili adj clear, crystal clear, pure. cincilin (bicincile) vi get/become pure. cindi1 adj,n very good, very beautiful; handsome young man. cindi2 n A soldier, gendarme. cineh see to. cinet A see bihi�t. cingal fjungle. ciniqandin (biciniqine) vt startle. ciniqin (biciniqe) vi start, make a sud­ den movement (from fear). cins 1 m A kind, sort, type. - - of various kinds, assorted. cins 2 m sex. -i adj sexual. cinun see dih n, dih nti. cinyaz m corpse. cir1 f conversation. - xwe� adj convers­ able, pleasant to talk with. cir2 m habit, temper. circ n rat. circir f noisy quarrel, squabble, shrill­ ness. kirin -/bun -a yeki have a noisy quarrel, squabble. ciresee qur t. cir m nA penalty; guilt. cirn m large stone mortar. cis n see cins. cit see cut. civakfsociety, community, social group. -i adj social. - zan/zanistyar sociol-IDOther. demi f velvet. den see deyn. der f church, monastery. deran (bidere) vt 1 interpret; express one's opinion. 2 winnow. deris adj ruined. derin see .kevn. defibav n parents. devl f stead. ji -a instead of. Ji -a ave §ir vexwe. Drink milk instead of water. dew n demon, giant. di prep: di ... de in, inside. di sarkere de in the fridge. di ber de in place of, instead of, for (sb). Wi di ber min de mere.k .ku§t He killed a man for me. Ez di her te de �um I went in your place. di bin de under, underneath. Pisik di bin m ase de ye. The cat is under the table. di bin :re under (an action). Em di bin pire :re derbas bun We passed under the fridge. di cih de 1 in (its/ one's) place. 2 well-timed. 3 right away, right off, at once, immediately. di gave de adv right away, at once. di nav de in

dia the middle of, among, between. Di nav daran de gul hebun There were roses among the trees. . mewlOdJA 1 the night of the birth of the prophet Mohammed. 2 a chanting of the Mewlud. mewto see �ewto mewto. mewuj see mewij. mewOj see mewij. mexafet A see tirs. me�el adj (an animal) lying prone. - bun vi (an animal) lie. - hatin v (an animal) lie. - kirin vt make an animal lie flat. mexloqf A creature, living thing. mexloqatf A creature, living thing. mexmer,mexmur Am velvet. mexz P see meji. meyfwine; drink. meyandin (bimeyine) vt add yeast to. meyfro� n barkeeper, publican. meyger n cup-bearer. meyiw see mew.

mejok 1 meyizandin (bimeyiztne) vt look at, watch. meyir see mehir. meyl f slope, incline; tendency, inclina­ tion. -dar adj slanting, sloping; inclined. - kirin vt incline, be inclined. meymun nA monkey; ape. meyt n corpse. meyter n groom, stableman. meyvan see mevan. -i see mevani. meywe see mewe. meyzandin (bimeyzine) vt look, watch. mezaq A see tam. mezel I m grave; graveyard. -gehfgraveyard. mezel2 /room. mezeloq adj sticky, adhesive. mezeloqi adj sticky, adhesive. mezer see mezel. mezheb m A religious sect. mezin l adj 1 big, large, great. 2 old, elder. - bun vi grow, grow up, become larger/ bigger. - kirin vt 1 bring up. 2 enlarge, make bigger. 3 exaggerate. mezin2 n 1 older person. 2 one's senior. 3 chief, leader. mezinahif1 greatness. 2 gravity, impor­ tance. 3 seniority. 4 size. mezinayi see mezinahi. mezinker n magnifier. mezinti see mezinahi. mezlem A see tari. mezre 1 fsmallAvillage. � mezre2 see zev1. me adj female; feminine. -tilyiti f femaleness, female sex. mebaz m woman chaser. mehir�fshe-bear. mehiman, mehman p see mevan. mehtin see metin. mehvan see mevan. -i see mevani. mej 1 n antiquity; past time. ji - ve long since, for a long time past. mej2 n making n and adj in connection with the verb met.in, eg: (trmej. mejandin (bimejine) vt nurse. mejiwe see mej0 1 • meji m anal brain, cerebrum. -ye l!i�te m spinal cord. -ko.k m little brain. mejin (bimeje) vi l suck, absorb. 2 exploit. mejok' n exploiter.

mejok.2

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mejok2 n, adj absorbent. meju 1 /the past; history. -yi adj histori­ cal, past. meJu- see meJ1. mekut m mallet; beetle. mel f slope, incline; tendency, inclination. -dar adj slanting, sloping; inclined. melak see melaq. melaq f anat lungs. -r.e§i f pneumonia. meledef torch. mer 1 m 1 man. 2 husband. - kirin vt (a woman) marry. mer2 adj courageous, brave. merane adj,adv manly, manfully. merani f courage, bravery. mergfmeadow, green meadow, pasture. -ezar f park, meadow. merik m young man. merkiri adj married woman. merkuj n murderer, killer. -if murder. merxas adj brave. -if bravery. bi -i adv bravely. me§ f t1y. -a hinguv f bee. -xur adj insectivorous. me§e J oak, bot Ouercus. metin (bimeje) vt 1 suck, absorb. 2 exploit metingeh f colony. -kar II colonist. -kari f colonialism. metinkar n exploiter. -if exploitation. mevan n guest, visitor. mevanhez adj hospitable. -if hospitality, hospitableness. mevanif being a guest, visit. �fin -ye vi go on a visit to. bi -i �fin vi go on a visit. mevanxane f guesthouse. mew m vine-plant; melon-plant. mewe m [' fruit. mewij see mewij. mexikf bot carnation. mexO§ see mexwe§. mexwe§ adj bitter-sweet. mezf table. mezef look, looking. - kirin vt look. le - kirin vt look at, watch. -van n specta­ tor, onlooker, viewer. mezer 1/turban. mezer2 see meze. mezin f 1 scales. 2 balance. - kirin vt weigh; measure. A•A')

A•A

miji mi see min. miadat A see dijminati. miadil A see hevta. micid rgd serious, earnest. mit adj straight, upright; tight, firm. guhe xwe - kirin vt prick up one's ears. mitiqandin (bimitiqine) vt dry, drain. mitiqi adj dry, dried, drained. mitiqin (bimitiqe) vi get dry, dry, be/ get drained. midas n clothes, dress. midbir see fenok. mider(r)is see mamoste. midewwer see gir.over. midur nA director, head, chief, manager. rniennes see me. mift rgd gratis, free. -xur n sponger, hanger-on. mifte/1 key. 2 lock. miftifofficer who is in charge of Islamic affairs in a town or city. mih see mih. mihendis nA engineer. -if engineering; being an engineering. mihes n currycomb. - kirin vt curry. mihitf plan. mihnet see minet. mihr see evin. mihrecan see mihrican. mihredar see evindar. mihriban see mihriban. mihriban adj kind, affectionate, com­ passionate. mihricanf feast, festival. mihtac adj A in need, poor, needy. -(i yekilti§teki) bun vi be in need of, need, require.. mihvan see mevan. mihvani see mevani. mihvik see movik. miin1 see alikar. miin2 see mehin. mij m mist, haze, fog. mijad f subject, topic. mijank m anat eyelash. mijar f subject, topic. :Mijdar/November. mijgan see mijank. miji see meji.

mijmijok

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mijmijokfbot bugloss. mijul adj busy. - bun vi be busy. Ile bun vi be busy with. - kirin vt take up (sb's) time, engage (sb's) attention, oc­ cupy. -geh f office. -i f 1 activity; occupation; concern. 2 being busy; sth that keeps (sb) busy. mikedder see �eli. mikurfconfession, admission. - hatin vi confess, admit. -1/confession, admission. mil m 1 anat shoulder, upper arm. 2 side. - dan hev vt support one another, act with solidarity. -dar1/support, solidarity. milayketfA angel. milikfcamel's hump. milk mA real estate/property. milmilin (bimilmile) vi walk with a swaying movement. milyaketfA angel. milyar m Fr billion, billiard. milyon m Fr million. mimtaz see bijarte. mimted see direj. min perslposs pron, poss adj I; my; mine; me. Min tu dit. I saw you. ale/en mine. Te ji - re got. You told me. pirtOka - my book. minaqe�e J A argument, dispute; heated debate. minare fA minaret. minasib adj A suitable, appropriate. mindal n child. minetfA sense or feeling of indebted­ ness, gratitude. minewwer A adj I well lighted. 2 en­ lightened (person), intellectual. mine: - kirin vt wish (for), want. -kar adj desirous, willing. minminikfbuttcrfly; moth. minteha see dawi. miqa.tefminding, watching. le - bun vi mind, watch, look after. Ii xwe - bun vi mind (os), look after (os). miqati see miqate. miqayet see miqate. miqor f chisel. miqsi n,adj Christian pilgrim. mir n fowl. mirad m A wish, desire.

mirtel miram m A aim, goal, aspiration. Miran f September. mirandin (bimirine) vt kill. mirar adj (an animal) dead. - bun vi die. - kirin vt kill. mirari n pearl. miraz m aim, intention; wish, desire. mircan1 see sor. mircan2 n coral, zool Corallium.. mircaq m thin beam, joist. mir� n - - smacking one's lips (when kissing). mirdal adj dead. mirdar adj dead. mirde see miri. mirdiyaq see mircaq. mireba n sharecropper who receives one half of the crop in return for his work. mirekfmirror. mires f majesty. mirin l f death. Mirin! 2 int I wish you die! mirin 3 (bimire) vi die. miri adj dead. mirid n A disciple in a dervish order. mirisokf foxglove, thimble flower, bot Digitalis pupurea. miri�kf hen, chicken.

mirmirin (bimirmire) vi muller to ( os), mumble to (os). mirov n man, human being. -ahi f hu­ manity. -anti f kinship, relationship. -hez/hiz adj,n humanistic; hmnanist. -hezi/h izi f humanism. -in adj anthrer poid, man-like. -jimeri f census. -kuj adj 1 murderer. 2 antipersonnel. -perver adj,n humanistic; humanist. -perweri f humanism. -xur n cannibal; man-eater. -xurifcannibalism. -zan n anthropoler gist. -zani f anthropology. mirsel see �andi. mirtaz see razi. mirtel see mitel.

mirtib mirtib see mitrib. mi.tlil m worn-out piece of cloth, rag. miruz m face. -tir§ adj,n sullen, sulky; sullen-faced person; sullen face. min: see teyr. misas f oxgoad. misin m long-spouted water pitcher. misilman n,adj (a) Muslim; Islamic. -ti /being a Muslim; Islam misk A f musk. misoger adj certain; absolute; unrestricted misqalf a weight for precious stones. mist f 1 palm. 2 clenched fist or hand, cupped hand. - dan vt caress, stroke. -ek contents of a cupped hand. mistear see emanet. mistecme see civingeh. mistemend see reben. mistemi see guhdar. mi§ar m row of a garden. mi§e adj much, plentiful. mi§ext 1 11 runaway, fugitive. - bun vi escape, nee, run away. mi§ext2 11 (an) exile. - bun vi be exiled. - kirin vt exile. mi§ewir n counsel, consultation. mi§k/mouse. mi§kane f mortgage. (zevi) bi - dan vi mortgage (a field to sb). mi§kule/A problem. Ne- ye. No problem. mi§laq 11,adj parallel (line, etc). mi§mi§f apricot. mi§t adj full. - kirin vi fill up. mi§tax(e) f raisins. mi§teli n plant. mi§teri An 1 customer, client. 2 astr/Jupiter. mi§tin see maltin. mi§tiri 11 A customer, client. mi§war m moment, instance, while, time. mitehher see paqij. mitemin see ewle. mitel/mattress. mitik m small hill. mitil see mitel. Mitrib' n Gypsy. mitrib2 see sazbend. mittehid see yekbuyi. miwasa see alikari. miweqet adj temporary.

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miqrob mixab adj unhappy; unfortunate. -in unfortunately. mixmixk n zool mosquito. miz 1 adj mildly sow-. miz2 n fee. miz3 f -(e)- mw-mur, grumble. kirin -(e)- vt mw-mur, grumble. mizawir n,adj swindler; dishonest. -if swindling, cheat. -i kirin vt cheat, swindle. miza�I adj deceitful, tricky. -if trick. -i kirin vt do (sth) deceitful. mizekker see ner. mizeloq see mezeloq. mizeloqi see mezeloqi. mizewwir see mizawir. mizgeft f mosque.

mizginf good news. - dan vt give (sb) good news. -if present given to the person bringing good news. mizmizin (bimizmize) vi hem and haw and make some feeble objections; make a fuss about trifles. mizmizok adj fussy about trifles. -ti f fussing about trifles. -ti kirin vt make a fuss about trifles. mi seemih. mibzer /drill (for sowing). midadfink. miftah see mifte. mih/sheep. mihengfadjustment; standard (of time). mihr see roj. mina adv like, as. - hev adj similar. -kl instance, example. ho -k for example, for instance. - ku adv for example, for instance. minibusf Fr minibus. minu see bihi§t. miqa n Fr mica. miqras see meqes. miqrob f Gk germ; microbe. - girtin vt

miqrofon become contaminated with germs. miqrofon f Gk microphone. miqrosqob f Gk microscope. mir m prince, emir. -e -an m hist govemor­ general. mirane rgd magnificent, splendid, per­ taining to a mir. mira.t m inheritance, heritage. -xur n,adj (sb) who has inherited a fortune. mirku.t m mallet; beetle. mirliwa n milit general. miro n ant. mirza m mister; prince. mi�kat see fanos. mitan m a loosely-cut, collarless shirt. mivan see mevan. -i see mevani. mix m nail. - kirin vt nail. - kutan vt drive a nail. - le xistin vt nail. mizf urine. - kirin vt urinate. -dank/ anat bladder. -ke� f anat ureter. miztin (bimize) vt urinate. moda f It fashion, vogue, style. mofirk see movik. mohr 1 m,adj purple. mohr2 f seal, signet, signet ring. - kirin vt put under seal, stamp with a seal. mob.tac adj A see motac. - bun see mo.tac bun. mor see mohr 1 2• mori n ant. morik/bead. mo�ene f thresher. mo.tac adj A in need, poor, needy. -(i yeki/.ti�teki) bun vi be in need of, need, require. mo.tik f nesting-box. moti see dims. motor f Fr engine, motor.

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mfizer motorsiklet f Fr motor-cycle. movik f 1 anat joint, vertebra. 2 node. -en mazmazke f lumber vertebra. -en ui�te/dorsal vertebra. -en stufcervical vertebra. -en tiliyan f phalanges. moxil/sieve. - kirin vt sieve. Ii -e xis.tin vt sieve. moz/bee; wasp; hornet. -a hungiv bee. -a sor hornet. -a qirtik,-qirtk wasp. Mr. cont of mirza. mister. muheyya see amade. muhtac see motac. - bun see motac bun. mujde see mizgin. mukir see mi.kur. mulazim n A (milit) lieutenant. murx n bird. musteheq adj A worthy of, deserving of. mustetib see paqij. musulman see misilman. muxabin see mixabin. mu:!irbe,mu:!ribf evening, the sunset hour. muxtar n mukhtar, elected head of a village or of a neighbourhood within a town or city. muze/Gk museum. muzi.kfGk music. -i adj musical. -van n musician. mu m (a) hair, bristle. -yen bin�eng n armpit hair. -yi adj of hair or bristle. mu�inkf tweezers. mufirk see movik. mfijank m eye-lash. mum/ candle. mfiri n 1 ant. 2 bead. musip_i adj white-haired. mfitili f myrtle, bot Myrtus cornmunis. muzf A banana. muzer adj blond, blonde.

130 nfthe 17th letter of the Kurdish alphabet. naI particle contrasted with ere/ hereno. Na, nere. No, don't go. na2 neg form in the present tense not. Ez naxwim. I don' t eat. na-3 preffom1ing neg of adj namerd, etc. nab see zelal. Nabe! �o! It's not possible. It can't be done. naber see nav ber. nabeyif impossibility. logic absurdity. na�ar see ne�ar. nafefmusk. nag f she-camel. nagah,nageh,nagihan P see ji ni§ka ve. naha see niha. nahid,nahed,nahid fastr Venus. nah s adj,n troublemaking, unruly, mis­ chievous; mischief. -iftroublemaking, mischief. -i kirin v1 do a mischief. nahlor n guard. guardsman. -if guard, being a guard, guarding. -i .kirin vi guard. -oak suffforming adjectives xeternak, etc. nakoki f conflict, contradiction. nal 1 m shoe (for animals hoof). - k.irin vt shoe (a horse, etc). - le xis tin vt shoe (a horse, etc). nal2 see newal. nalandin ( binaline) v1 cause (sb) to groan, make (sth) resound. nal bend n horseshoer, farrier. -i f horseshoei ng, farriery; being a horseshoer. nalebar adj incompatible, inconvenient. nalenal f moan, groan, lamentation. kirin - vt moan, groan, lament. bun -a yeki,-a yeki bun vi moan, groan. nalet f A curse, imprecation. N- Ii wi be! God damn him! nalin (binale) vi moan, groan, bewail, lament. nalnal see nalenal. nam see nav. -dar see navdar. -dari see navdari. name/ mail letter. -dan k �- f letter-box. - nivisi f/-=t_� � � correspondence. namerd adj cowardly;

nasandin2 co ntemptible. -ifcowardliness; despi­ cableness. namilkef brochure, opuscule. namfis f A 1 honour, integrity. 2 (a woman's) virtue, chastity. namwer adj famous. -i f fame, being famous. namzed n candidate, applica nt. -if candidacy. nan m bread; meal. - dan , /feed. - le xis tin vt bake . '. . . � bread. -e mezine bakery bread. -e sele thin and round bread baked on a sheet of iron. -e §iven m (European) mistletoe, bot Viscumalbu. -e §keva a bread baked in very thin sheets. -e tenure bread baked in an earthenware oven. -e tisi dry bread. nan�fi�ikfmallow, bot Malva sylvestris. nanda adj,n generous; benefactor, patron. nanefA mint, bot mentha piperita. nanikm honeycomb. bun-vibecrushed. k.irin - vt crush. nankor adj ungrateful, unthankful. -if ungratefulness, ingratitude. -i kirin v1 act ungratefully. bi-i adv ungratefully. nanozikfhaving hardly enough food. bi -e xebitin vi work for a wage which is hardly enough for one's food. nanl!ej 11 baker. -1/bakery. -xane/bakery. napak adj bad. -if badness. nape.ru(§)k m nail, claw, paw. naqef she-camel. naqos f large bell, gong. nar 1 P see hinar. nar2 A see agir. narewanf beech, bot Fagus sylva-tica. nar gelefA water pipe, hookah, nargileh. narinc f bitter-orange. narincok f hand-grenade. narin adj delicate, slight. nas 1 Tl acquaintance. -en hev bun vi know each other. - kirin vt recognize, know, be acquainted with. dan - kirin vt introduce (sb). xwe dan - kirin vt introduce (os). nas2 adj familiar, well-known. nasandin1 ( binasine) vt introduce (sb). nasandin2 f introduction, introducing.

naser naser n expert, specialist. nasif acquaintance, acquaintanceship. N-ya min bi wi re heye. I know him. nasihat see nesihet. nasin (binase) vi know. oasiyar adj familiar. (bi ti§teki ve) bun vi be familiar with sth. nasname f 1 identity card. 2 letter of recommendation, reference. nasnav m term. nasut see ma(d)de. oasyar 11 close friend, friend. -iffriendship. na§i adj,n young, inexperienced, callow; young man, inexperienced man. -ti f inexperience. natewa see qels. natirs see netiI:s. nator see nahtor. naumid see behevi. nav 1 m name; fame; gram noun. - dan vi become famous. - girtin vt become famous. - le dan/kirin vt name, nick­ name. - l!e ketin vi become famous. N-e te bi xer'! What is your name? nav2 f middle; centre; inside. di - de prep between, among; inside. di - re prep through. Ii - prep among, in the middle of, in between, inside. di ve -e de meanwhile. Di - daran de gul hene. There are roses among the trees. Tham es di - Londone re diherike. Thames flows through London. Li dara(n) bisekine. Wait amongthe tree.�. nav3 /waist. -(a yeki) qetiyan vi be badly frightened. -zirav adj slender, slim. navandin (binavine) v1 name; sign. navandi adj signed. navberf distance (between two things), middle, space (belween); relation (be­ tween people). di -a ...de between, among. Ii -a between. navbeyn see navber. navbeynvan n mediator, go-between, middle-man. -if mediation. -i kirin vt mediate. navben see navbeyn. -�i see navbeynvan. navbir f 1 break. 2 partition, a wall dividing a room or a place; anything in between two things.

131

naxeyr navtav m anat superciliary arch. nav�e 1 adj (of) medium. -bejn adj (of) medium height. -m enzil adj middle­ range. -pelfmedium wave. nav�e2f region, zone. nav�itik m anat bosom. navdar adj famous, well-known. -if fame, reputation. navdayi adj famous. navderf threshold. navderf gram noun. nave see nabe. navendfcentre; middle, space (between things). -i adj central. naverastfcentre. naverokf content, contents. naven see navbeyn. navginf means, vehicle. navikfl navel; umbilical cord. 2 central part or point, centre. -a kezebef anat falciform ligament of liver. navin 1f signature. navin2 adj central, middling. Rojhilata Navin the Middle East. navkiri adj (person or thing) being talked of or under consideration. navkofbungalow. navlekfterm. navlihevf homonym. navmalif servant, maid. navmemik m anat bosom. navneteweyi ad international. navni§3nf address. navok see navik. navui§tfanat loin. navranfthe space between the thighs, perineum. navrezfthe space between the lines. navrojf midday, noon; lunch. navsali see navsere. navsere adj middle-aged. navtedan f encouragement, incentive. nav te dan vi encourage, stimulate, provoke. navudeng m fame, reputation. bi - famous. bi - bun vi be/become famous. navzirav adj slender, slim. NawzistanfJanuary. naxeyr see naxer.

naxer! naxer! No! Not at all! naxir f herd. naxwe see nexwe. nay fa reed flute. nayar see neyar. nayari see neyari. naz/ coyness, coquettishness. - kirin vt make a show of reluctance, pretend to be shy, behave coyly. nazdar adj coquettish, coy. -ifcoyness, coquettishness. nazedar see nazdar. nazende see nazdar. nazenin !,adj coquettish or coy woman or girl; graceful. nazik adj 1 polite, courteous. 2 of deli­ cate-build, delicate-looking. -ilti f pack (sb), be on sb's shoulder. 11i§tdawifrebirth, revival. 11i§tdest n anat back of the hand. l!i§tevan n supporter, protector. -ifprotection, support. -i(ya yeki) kirin vt support, protect. ni§tgir n supporter. -if support, solidar­ ity. -i kirin vt act with solidarity. ni§tguh: - kirin vt pay no attention. l!i§ti adv after. Ew - min hat. He came after me. P- ku ew �u. After he went. ni§tinivro f afternoon. P i§tiZayine(abbr:PZ)annoDomini(AD). ni§tmer nsupporter. ni§tne n anat dorsum of the foot. ni§tre adv later, then. ni§t§iv/supper. ni§tve adv from behind, in the back, behind the back; later, then. (!i§txurt adj (sb) having strong backing. 11i§txuz n hunchback. �te! int Baby! 11itik n baby. l!itirl!er adv the day before yesterday. 11itnit f gnunbling, nagging. kirin - vt grumble, nag. ni11!itok n grumbler, nagger. J).iv adj touchy, easily offended. pix int used to startle bo, boh.- kirin(pix ke) vt scare (sb) by appearing and shout­ ing suddenly, say bo to. pixeri,pixerigfchimney. piyade n infantry, infantryman. piyalefbowl; glass. piyanf glass (of water). J).iyanpluralofJl.e1 ji-advonfoot,standing up. ji- bun/sekinin vi stand up. piyanokfglass. piyar adj kind, tender-hearted. l!izikfpimple, pustule. pizmam see pismam. 11izot see bizot. pizpizk see pispisk. pi m 1 anat shoulder blade. 2 upper arm. 3

148

niruz side, direction. piber n saviour, deliverer. pit adj bastard, illegitimate child. -ti f bastardy. l!•.i 1 m thorn. l!•f adj sharp, erect. - bun vi stand erect. muyen yeki- bun vi get goose-flesh. pijdanok/heath, bot Erica. pijikf spine; pointed twig. pijinda.f aneth, bot anethurn. p,ilfFr electrcell, battery. pil 1 m tin. -wer n tinman, tinsmith. piF anat shoulder blade. pilan f Fr plan. pimboqf(a) piece of glass. pin 1 /coop (of hen). pin 2 see l!ihin. pine see I!•�. pine mpatch.-kirin vt patch up.-kiri adj patched. -- adj patched. pinikfcoop (of hen). pipoqf(a) piece of glass. piqab f Eng pick up. nir 1 adj,m old; old person. - bun vi grow old- kirin vtcause(sb) to &'TOW old. nir2 m spiritual guide of dervish order. pirahen,pirehenmshirt. nirhebokfwitch. J!irejinfold woman. p_iremer mold man. nirekfwoman; wife. J!irefspider. kone- cobweb. l!irhevokfwitch. nirik 1 f 1 midwife. 2 grandmother. pirik2fspider. pirifold age, oldness. niroz adj sacred, holy, blessed. Cejna te­ be! Happy cejn ! - kirin vtcongratulate. pirozahijsacredness, holiness. l!irozbahi f congratulating, congratulation; celebration. l!irozbayi see pirozbahi. nirozijsacredness, holiness; blessedness. l!irozname f congratulatory letter. J!Irqelatikfpurslane, bot Portilaca oleracea. uirqini see nirqini. wrfiz see niroz.

plS pis adj dirty, unclean, filthy. - bun vi get dirty. - kirin vi dirty, soil. pisif dirt, filth; dirtiness, filthiness. pisitifobscenity. pisixwaz adj malicious, malevolent. pispiskjwhistle, pipc. li-e xistinvi whistle. pi�/art; craft. -ger/kar nartist; craftsman. pi§kar II gram subject; agent. pi§O m remains of burnt cloth. 11ivan1fmeasure, measurement. 11ivan2f criterion. llivan3 (biuive) vi measure. 11ivandin (bil!ivine) vt measure. 11ivanker /meter (water, gas, etc). wvaz f onion. -a §ID sprin �· onion. � 11ivazoka mejijbrain-stem, -:. . .' _ ,.. medulla oblongata. 11ivazterk/spring onion. 11ivek/criterion. llivokfcrocus, meadow saffron, botColchicum. piyale/glass. siola mstccl. Polan/February. polat see pola. poles see polis. polikfpea. polisnFrpolice, policeman, policewoman. ll()nijin (bil!onije) vi be engrossed in (thought); drop off, doze. por m hair (on a person's head). -berdan/ direj kirin vt let (one's hair) grow long. potik m wig (of the head). porkuri§k adj curly-haired. porsi11i adj,n white-haired; white-haired person. porteqalforange. porwe�yayi adj bald. porzer adj fair, blond. posteflt mail, post. postexanefpost office. PO§ n horn. PO§e n,adj Gypsy. po§i f head scarf worn by men. po§man adj regretful, remorseful. - bun vi feel remorse, feel sorry, regret - kirin vt make (sb) regret (sth), make (sb) feel remorse for (sth). -ifregret, remorse. pot(ik) m rag.

149

PZ potinf Fr half boots, button boots. poxanfdwelling, house, residence. poxzin adj sad, worried. -ifsadness. uoz manaJ 1 nose. -(e xwe) daliqandin vt put on a sour face, sulk. -(e yeki) �witin vi be ashamed, feel wounded in one's pride/honour. 2 cape. 3 peak, apex. 4 tip, pointed end. QOzber n competitor, rival. -if competition, rivalry. QOzbilind adj conceited, arrogant. -if conceit, arrogance. pronav m pronoun. -e birdar reflexive pronoun. -e pe§ker demonstrative pro­ noun. -e Qirsiyari interrogative pronoun. prot n potter. urOskseebrusk. puffexhaled breath. - kirin vt 1 blow or breathe hard on. 2 play (flute, etc). pufandin (bipufine) vi blow or breathe hard on; cause (sth) to blow. pufin (bipufe) vi (wind, etc) blow. purseepir. puser see kur. pusperifpleasure, delight. put adj hollow, empty inside; weak (though appearing strong); useless; rot­ ten. - derketin vi turn out to be nothing. - kirin vt refute, demolish. pujanfrnint, bot Mentha piperita. puk 1 f snowstorm; blizzard. puk2fanat pulp. -a diran dental pulp. pulfP 1 stamp. 2 (lable games) playing piece. pun' see pin. pun2 (bipu) vt dress (a pelt). pung/ spearmint, bot Mcntha pulegium; penny royal, bot Mentha pulegium. punk see pung. purt.f 1 feather, quill, piece of down. 2 hair. -a bin�eng armpit hair. purtew /light. pu§ m sprig, dry herbs, dry leaves. Pu§ber/June. pu§i see PO§!. pu§l adj queer, fag, faggot. put m idol. -perest n idolater. -perestif idolatry. puyin see pun2. PZ see Pi§ti Zayine.

[Q]

q f the 20th letter of the Kurdish alphabet. qabf P cover (of book, etc). qablo f Fr (utility) cable. qabzun f capsule. qasf bot a variety of junipe r. qa�a�JTr contraband, smuggling. -�in smuggler. qasik/ anat pelvis. qad f o pen place, field, arena. -a §er battle field. qadfikf small pan. qafl J flower pot. qafl m head. -sar adj stupid, foolish. qafilqeda/ calamity, misfortune. Q- Ii wan keve! Danm them! qahwefA coffee. -yi m,adj brown. qail see qayil. qajeqaj see qajqaj. qajin (biqaje) vi crow, make a harsh cry. qajqaj f crowing, harsh or shrill cry. kirin - vt crow, make a harsh cry. bun -a yeki/ti§teki vi crow, make a harsh cry. qal 1 f subject, topic. -(a yeki/ti§teki) bun vi be mentioned. -(a yeki/ti§teki) kirin v1 talk about (sb/sth), mention. qal2 m point (in games). qalik m 1 outer covering. 2 rind, peel, skin, hull (of a fruit). 3 pod, husk (of a vegetable or grain). 4 shell( of a nut or an egg). 5 crust. 6 scab(of a wound). 7 case. - girtin vt form a crust or scab. ketin -e xwe vi withdraw into one's shell, refuse to associate with others. qalind adj thick. - bun vi thicken, be­ come thick. - kirin v1 thicken, make (sth) thick. -if thickness. qalusf small sickle. qam f height. - dan vt stand up in the water to test its depth. qamyon f Fr truck, lorry. qamyonetf Fr pickup truck, van. qandi adv (bi) - as ... as. Ez (bi) - te direj im. I am as tall as you. qane adj persuaded, satisfied. - bun vi be persuaded. - k.irin v1 persuade. qani see qane. qani see qane. qantir f mule.

150 qanunfA law, statute, act. -a bingehin f constitution. -deranin f legislation, making laws. -i adj lawful, legal. qapan f weigh-bridge. qa{!qaflkf clogs. qaput m greatcoat, coat. qaqil m outer covering, shell. qarandin (biqarine) vtcause(sb) to cry bitterly. qar�f bot a variety of juniper. qartik see qatik. qareqar see qarqar. qa.6n 1 (biqare) vi cry bitterly, a bitter cry. qa.rin2 f crying bitterly. qarmi�e m whip. qa.rqa.rf crying bitterly, a bitter cry. qarur,qarure see §U§e. qas I f moment, instant. qas2 f amount, much. qasid n messenger. qasir see kurt. qasi adv (bi) - as ... as, as much as. Tu min direj i. You are as tall as I am. qa§ n stone, gem (in a piece of jewelry). qa§ik m rind, peel, husk, hull, pod. qa§O supposedly; you would think that, it's as if. qat l mfloor, storey. -e jerin downstairs. -e jorin upstairs. -e �ran the forth storey. qat2 m layer, fold. -e kincan suit. qati adj storeyed. du- two-storeyed. qatfilkf basket. qav see qab. qavikf anat navel. qawan m muskmelon, bot Cucumis melo. qawer f hoop, rim. qawirme see qeli. qaxuffear. -k.irin vt fear, be afraid(of), be scared (of). qayil adj willing, ready, satisfied. (ue) bun vi agree (to), consent (to). ({!e) k.irin vt get (sb) agree to (sth). qayil see qayil. qayi§1 f rivalry, competition, compet­ ing. (bi yeki re) ketin -e vt compete against (sb), vie with (sb). qayi§1 f belt. qayi§kt§ n competitor. -if compe tition. -i(ya yeki) kirin vt compete against (sb).

qaz

151

qaz n goose, zool Anser. qazax mFr pullover, sweater. qazi 1 adv bi -1 intentionally. 2 as a joke, in jest. qazi2 n judge. qe adv not at all, never, ever. Qe na be. It's impossible. - ne be at least. qebale see qubale. qebd m handle, butt ( of a weapon). qebr fA see go.r. qebrax n pimp, procurer. qebulfA acceptance, approval. - bun vi be accepted. - kirin vt accept, admit. qed f A height. - u qamed height and appear ance. qeda f calamity, misfortune. qedandin (biqedine) vt finish, com­ plete, end. qedem see Jing. qedene n large but clumsy or useless person. qeder f A destiny, fate. qedereke adv for a while. qederperest n phi/ fatalist. -if fatalism. qedexe f,adj A prohibition, ban; forbid­ den, prohibited. - bun vi be forbidden/ prohibited/banned. - kirin vt forbid, prohibit, ban. qedexekiri adj forbidden, prohibited, banned. qed(i)r m A worth, dignity. -(e yeki) girtin vi show respect to, respect (sb), appreciate. -(e yeki) zanin vt appreci­ ate worth of, respect (sb). -bilind/giran adj estimable, worthy of esteem. qedife mA velvet. qedin (biqede) vi be finishe4 finish, be completed, come to an end. qef f trap, snare. qefandin (biqefine) vt keep, save. qefdf handle (of sword, etc). qefes f A cage. -a singe f anat rib cage. qefilandin (biqefiline) 1 vt freeze. qefilandin (biqefiline)2 vt tire. qefili 1 a4} frozen to death. qefili2 adj tired. qefilin (biqefile) 1 vi freeze to death, feel very cold. qefilin (biqefile)2 vi be/get tired. qefl(e) ma number or group of (birds, cars, people, etc) walking, flying or trav-

qeli�tek. elling together, group. qefsingfanat rib cage. · qehir see qehr. qehirandin (biqehirine) vt make (sb) tense and irritable, anger. qehiri adj angry. qehirin (biqehire) vi get angry, get hot. qehr f anger. qelaba�e f magpie, zool Pica pica. qelafet m height, body, stature. qelandin (biqeline) vt roast. qelaqu�ftilika -e little finger. qela�tin (biqele�e) vt split, cleave, slit. qelebaskf magpie, zool Pica pica. qelemfpen. qelen mmoney paid by the bridegroom lo the bride's family. qelend see qelen. qele.re�k n raven, zool Corvus corox. qele� A adj treacherous, backstabbing. qelew adj fat. - bun vi get fat, grow fat. - kirin vt fatten, cause (sb) to get fat. -i /fatness. qelexan n milk thistle, lady's thistle, bot Silybum morianum. qelibandin (biqelibine) vt 1 overturn, overthrow. 2 change direction, turn. qelibi adj turned upside down, overthrown. qelibin (biqelibe) vi 1 be turned upside down, be overthrown. 2 turn. le - vi run into. qelihandin (biqelihine) vt extirpate, destroy, perish. qelihi adj extirpated, destroyed, perished. qelihin (biqelihe) vi be extirpated, be destroye4 be perished. qeli§andin (biqeli�ine) vt split, slit, cleave. qeli�i adj cleft, split, slit. qeli�in (biqeli§e) vi be split, be slit, be cleaved. qelizandin (biqelizine) vt xwe - slip away, disappear, slink. qelizin (biqelize) vi slip away, disap­ pear, slink. qelifpreserved fried meat. qeli�ftiliya -e little finger. qelin (biqele) vi be roasted, be fried. qelinokfiron sheet (to fry meet). qeli�tek f groove, cleft; split; slit. -a qune f anat anal groove, anal cleft.

qella§ qella§ see qele§. qeln adj false, forged. -ezao n counterfeiter. qelq f motion, movement. qels adj lean, puny, weak. - bun vi get weak. - kirin vt weaken, cause (sth) to decline. -if weakness, leanness. -okadj puny, thin, weak. qelfio f pipe. qelzem see derya. qemer 1 A adj dark, swarthy. -ifswarthi­ ness. -e ve.kiri dusky. qemer2 A see hev. qemirandin (biqemirine) vt toast; make brown by heating, sun or cold. qemiri adj toasted, brown. qemirin (biqemire) vi toast; become brown by heating, sun or cold. qemsi see vir.ek. qenab f cord, lashing. qenc adj good, fine. -if goodness, fa­ vour. -i (bi ye.ki) kirin vt do a favour for (sb). -tir adj better. qend m loaf sugar. qe ne adv - be at least. qenepe f Fr sofa, settee. qer adj,m shiny black. qera� m moor, stony ground. qeramfi�k/scratching, clawing. - .kirin vt scratch, claw. - le xis.tin vt scratch, claw. qerar see biryar. -dar see biryardar. -dari see biryardari. c1er.ase m large person or thing. qerasi see qeresi. qer.a� n miller. -if being a miller, mill­ er's trade. qera:! f edge, brink, bank, side. qerawil f guard. qerebali�J,adj A crowd; crowded. qerebin f It carbine. qere�i n, adj Gypsy. qerenfil f carnation. qeresif cherry, bot Prurus avium. qerej see qirej. qerf' n mockery. -(en xwe bi ye.ki) .kirin vt make fun of. bi - adv mockingly. qerf'ayetifmockery. bi - adv mockingly. qerh see kul. qer.ij see qir.ej. qer.ik see Qi.rik.

152

qe§eng

qerimandin (biqerimine) vt cause (sb/ sth) to get numb, tire. qerimi adj numb, tired. qerimin (biqerime) vi get numb, get tired. qerisandin1 (biqer.isine) vt freeze. qerisandin2 (biqer.isine) vt tire. qerisi1 adj frozen, very cold. qer.isi2 adj tired. qerisin 1 (biqer.ise) vi freeze, become very cold. qerisin2 (biqerise) vi be/get tired. qerib A see nezik. qerin (biqere) vi je - leave (sb) in peace, leave (sb) alone. qer.isokf (weather) dry cold, frostiness. qermi�ndin (biqermi�ine) vt pucker, wrinkle, crumple. qermi� adj wrinkled, puckered, crumpled. qermitin (biqermite) vi become puck­ ered, wrinkled or crumpled. qermitokfwrinkle, pucker. qerpal m rag; worn out dress. qerqa§ m,adj bright white. qerqet,qerqef m (glass) decanter, jug. qerqfide m anat skeleton. qer§ see qir§. qer.tf bite. - avetin vt bite. - kirin vt bite. - (e xistin Vt bite. qerwa§ f maid servant, maid. qerz see deyn. qesab n A butcher. qesas n murderer. qesd f A intention, purpose. ji/bi -i adv intentionally, deliberately. qesem f oath. qesir see qesr. qesirbend n architect. qesilfrush mat, canework. qesn/ date, bot Phoenix dactylifera. qesrf stone house, villa, ltjosk, palace. qest f A intention,· purpose. -(a yeki/ ti�teki) kirin vt head towards, go to­ wards. -ena adv (bi) - intentionally, deliberately. qe�fice. - girtin vt freeze, be covered with ice. qe§artin (biqe§ere) vt peel. qe§em f ice block, sheet of ice. qe§eng adj beautiful, pretty.

qe�randin

153

qe§irandin see qe�rtin. qe§itin (biqe§ite) vi colloq clear out, go away. Biqe§ite! Get out! Go away! qe§mer fl clown, buffoon. -ifclowning, buffoonery. qet 1 adv not at all, never, ever. Qe na be. It's impossible. - ne be at least. qet2 f short string, etc. qetandin (biqetine) vt break off, tear off. je - vt part, separate (from). qetek f water supply points. qet(i)I fA murder. qetin (biqete) vi break in two, break, snap. je - vi part, separate. qetiyan see qetin. qetmer see ,;i,;ek. qetqeti adj in pieces. qetran Af tar. qetre see diloll. qettal A fl murderer. qevd 1 J bunch (of flowers). qevd2 m handle (of sword, etc). qevdikf(small) handle. -a destfanal wrist. qevzJjump, jumping. dan -an v1 jump, jwnp up and down. qewad m pimp, procurer. qewil see qewl. qewimandin1 (biqewimine) v1 (le) -1 cause (sth) to happen to (sb). 2 cause (sth) to hit or strike against (sb/sth). qewimandin2 f event, happening. qewimin (biqewime) vi le - I happen to. fast. remmal see falavej. renc see renc. rencandin (birencine) vt hurt (sb's) feelings, offend. reng m 1 colour. 2 way, manner. - avetin vt pale. - dan vt fade. rengaveti adj pale. rengdar adj coloured. rengder f adjective. -a i§arki demon­ strative adjective. -a jimarin numeral adjective. rengareng adj multi-coloured, colourful. rengin adj coloured, colourful. Ala Kurdish flag. rengnesa� adj pale. rengpi�e f adverb. -yi adj adverbial. ren 1 adj erectile, upright, stiff. - bun vi stand erect, become upright, become stiff. .kirin vt erect, harden, make (sth) stiff. ren2 f - - sound of marching feet. renin f sound of regular and striking actions. req 1 m turtle, zool testudo. req 2 f -- a loud knocking or rapping sound.

159

revoke reqifandin (bir.eqifine) vt line up, ar­ range in a row. r.eqifandi adj arranged, in a line or row. - bun vi line up, be lined up. r.eqisandin(bireqisine) vt make(sb)dance. reqisin (bir.eqise) vi dance. reqin f rattle; cl aller; clop-clop, clip-clop. reqs f A dance. resen see weris. resfil m A prophet (sent by God). re� m,adJ black. - bun vi turn black. giredan vt go into morning. - kirin vt blacken. r.e§ahi1 f land; continent; a black spot. re§ahi2 f blackness. re§andin (bir.e§ine) vt 1 rake, strafe (with gunfire). 2sprinkle, scatter, strew. re��e f machine gun, sten gun. r.e§ayi see re§ahi. r.e§baz n piebald. r.e§belekflctter; note written down on a paper. re�bin adj pessimistic. -if pessimism. re�e m scarecrow. Re§eme/ February. re�§kfsprinkle (of rain). re§ik 1 /anat pupil (of eye). re§ik2 n (a) Black, (a) Negro. re§i f 1 darkness, blackness. 2 smudge, black spot. r.e§mal f black tent. re§pel see re�belek. re§re§kfcaraway seeds, bot nigella saliva; black cumin. re�usil!i adj black and white. re§fitari adj pitch-black; pitch-dark. rev f 1 flight, escape, desertion. 2 race, run. revandin (bir.evine) vt kidnap, help or let(sb) escape, causc(sb/sth) to go away. cevde n herd (of wild animals). revend see k�er. revihan see revin. reving see rewi. revin (bireve) vi 1 run. 2 je - a) escape; desert; run away from. Ew ji girtigehe r.eviya. He escaped from the prison. b) je - get out of, avoid, shirk. r.eviyan see revin. revoke adj fugitive, truant.

revrevik revrevi�,revrevk/mirage. rewa' adj suitable; worthy of; befitting. -ditin vi regard (sth) as being fitting for (sb). Veya ji min re - nebine. Don' l deem me worthy of this. rewa2 !dampness, damp, humidity. rewal m young man. rewan see rehwan. rewejek/ (carpenter's) plane; grater. kirin v1 grate, plane. rewerde f sculpture, statue. rewertin v1 shape (sth) by cutting it; chisel; sculpt. :rewi�tfpeculiarity, special feature, char­ acteristic; behaviour. rewitandin (birewitine) vt shed leaves or fntits, cause (sb/sth) to shed leaves, fruit'> or money. rewiti adj (person) who has lost all their shed all money, (plant) which has leaves or fruits. rewitin (birewite) vi (leaves or fruits) shed, (person) lose all their money. rewjok see rewejek. rewneq see ronahi. rew§ 1 f state, condition, situation, circumstances. -a awartefstale of exception. :rew§2 f ornament, decoration. rew�n adj clear, bright. rew§enbir II intellectual, enlightened person. rew§eniflight, day light; clarity, brightness. rewt f thin stake or pole (to hit the branches of trees so that they shed fruits). rewtar f behaviour. rex l m side, edge. -e ave shore, coast, bank. Ii -(e) near, nearby, on the edge of. rex2 f chess rook. rexanrex adv all around, all along. rexhev adv side by side, next to, lying near to, adjacent. rexki adv sideways. rexne/criticism. - kirin vt criticize. - le girtin vi criticize (stv'sth). -Ii xwe girtin vt criticize (os). rexnegir 11critic. -Ifcriticism. -in adj critical. rexrexki see rexki. rext m cartridge belt; bandoleer. giredan vt put on a cartridge belt. reyahin see rihan.

160

reg a reyhan see rihan. reyin (bireye) vi bark, bay. rez m vineyard; orchard. rezaqi m a large, sweet, while grape. Rezber f September. rezil adj A disgraceful, scandalous, awful. bun vi be disgraced. -kirin vt disgrace. re m 1 way, road; access, route. 2 means, method. 3 possibility. bi - delve on the way. bi - ve/va birin vt carry out, carry on, perform. - bix:in v1 stop, waylay. bi - ve �un vi walk. - dan vt 1 allow, give the opportunity to, make way for. 2 show. - ditin Vt find a way. Re je re tune. There is no way, it is impossible. bi - ketin vi set out. bi - kirin vt 1 send 2 see off. - ni§an dan vi guide (sb), give directions. - Ii ber girtin vi stop, pre­ vent. - 11an vt wait, expect. -(ya xwe) 11e xistin vt call in on, stop by to see. vekirin vt open a way. (bi/di) riya xwe de �un vi go on one's way. ji - derketin vi deviate, go astray. ji - derxistin vt mislead, lead astray. re(ya yeki) iie ketin vi happen to pass (a place). anin vt make (sb) see reason; bring (sb) round (to another's point of view). -ya kadize f asir the Milky Way. reba/air, weather. rebar n passenger. rebaz 1 /programme. rebaz2 f way through, passage, procedure. Rebenan f month (21st December to 20th January). Rebendan f February. reber n guide. -ilti f guidance, guiding, being a guide. -i kirin vt guide. rebir n bandit, brigand. rebiwar ,1 passer-by. ret/1 track, trace. 2 footpath. - ajotin vi pursuit, follow. retbi[ II brigand, robber. re�birin f waylaying. re�enas n guide. re�e§011 f document. re�eri f research, investigation. re�ik n footpath. reder f outlet, exit. rega see regeh.

reg eh regeb f road, route. regibanf junction, crossroads, intersection. regir n brigand, bandit. -i/tifbanditry, brigandage. rehber see reber. rehesin/railway. -a bintrde/underground. reheval n comrade. rejandin see rijandin. rejavfwaterfall. rejavgeh f mouth of river. rek adj arranged, regular, in good order. rekfil!ek adj (bi) - 1 in order, orderly, regular, tidy. 2 mature; reliable; sound. rel fwood, grove. renc n toil, labour; trouble, sorrow, pain, difficulty, inconvenience. -ber n 1 farm­ hand or unskilled construction worker. 2 farmer. renedan fprevention, hindering, block­ ing. re ne dan vr prevent, hinder, block. renivis f spelling, orthography. reni§3ndar n guide, leader. re11ani/waiting, expectation. -(ya ye.kif ti§teki) kirin vt wa it, expect. rerast adj direct. res m wool. [es30din (bitesine) Vt knit, dam, braid, plait. resi m twisted hay-bale. [eSpn (bi[ese) Vt Spin. re§ see ri�. retandin see rijandin. retin 1 (bireje) vt pour. retin2 (bireje) vt defecate, empty the bowels. revebirin/ execution, carrying out (bi) re ve birin vt carry on, perform; apply; put a law into force. revf anat pudenda (vulva) revin adj dirty. reving n passenger. -if travel, journey. revi 1 m fox, zool Vulpes. revi2 m anat intestine. -ye badayi ileum. -ye bir�i jeujunum. -ye dawin rectum. -ye kor cecum, blind gut. -ye stur large small intestine. -ye zede appen­ diJc. -ye zirav small intestine. rewi n traveller, passenger. -ti f travel; travelling. rewing see rewi. rexfdung.

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rihtio rexistin f organization. rezfline, row; class. -bun vibe arranged in an order, line up. - gjrtin vt stand in attention in order to show respect. .kirin,kirin -e vt line up, arrange (things) in a row or series;putin order, list ketin -e vi line up. rezan n consu ltant, adviser. rezanifpolitics. .rezdar 1 adj 1 gram regular. 2 (sth) which conforrns to a rule or rules. rezdar2 adj esteemed, respected. -i f esteem, respect. reze f series. -nivisar series. rezek n list rezen n brigand, robber. rezik/1 (writing) line. 2 custom, method, rule. rezimanf grammar. -i adj grammatical. rezkari f discipline. rezname f(written) regulations; schedule. rib m (a) quarter. ribab f three-stringed musical instrument. ribes fa variety of rhubarb, bot Rheum. ribekf(a) quarter. ribik,ribikek see ribek. rica f A request. (ji yeki) - kirin vt request (sth) of (sb). ricif f shiver. R- ket cane min. I am shivering (due to cold, etc). ricifandin(biricifine)vtcause(sb)to shiver. .ricifin (biricife) vi shiver. ricimandio (biricimine) vt stone (sb) to death; curse, damn. ricrici adj trembling, shaky. [ic[icin (biricrice) vi shiver, tremble. ri�see reh. rib f beard. - berdan vt grow a beard. rihsee ruh. riha zer f curcuma. rihan/ sweet basil, bot Ocimurn basilicum. rihet adj A 1 easy. 2 comfortable, relaxed. 3 untroubled. - bun vi 1 recover, get better. 2 be/become easy. - kirin vt 1 cure. 2 make easier. - sekinio vi stand or sit still; behave (os). rihoayi see ronahi. rihoi see rooi. rihtin see ritin.

rijandin

rojani

162

r:ijandin (bicijine) vt let flow. spill, pour. av - vt urinate, make water. rijavf mouth (of a river). rijin (biJjje) vi 1 be spilled, be poured, flow. 2 (sterk) - vi (for a shooting star) fall. rik.J 1 nerve, anger, irritation. 2 obsti­ nacy, stubbornness. - kirln vt be stub­ born. -dar adj stubborn; nervous. -i(ti) J obstinacy, stubbornness. -o/sar adj 1 stubborn, obstinate. 2 vindictive, nurs­ ing a grudge. rikatfA a series of ritual movements and prayers which form a part of nimej. r:ike,rikewf cage. rikebf stirrup. rikev f aggression, attack. - kirln vt allack, assault. rikriJ(ln (birikrike) vi diranen meriv - (teeth) be gnashed (by cold, etc). rim m lance, spear. -baz n lancer. -dar adj armed with a spear. rind adj good, well; beautiful, nice. -if goodness; beauty. ringandin (biringine) vt shatter, clink. ringin l (bir:inge) vi shatter, clink. ,r:ingin1 ,ringini fa crashing, smashing or shattering noise. rip/trick. risil f built-in cupboard. risim m A photograph, picture, drawing, illustration, painting. - �ekirln vt draw, illustrate, paint. - ki§andin vt photo­ graph, take a picture. risq see r:izq. rist/ 1 order; row; line; series. 2 neck­ lace. 3 chain. ris.tandin (biristine) vt line up, arrange in a row or series; string (beads). ristef sentence, line. -sazi f syntax. ris.tik f necklace. tis.tin (bir:ese) vt spin. riswa adj disgraceful. ri§m/ halter (for a horse, etc). ri§me see r:i§m. r.i§te n home-made macaroni. rlteb A see xurme. ritimandin (biritimine) vt plug, clog, congest; fill up. ritimin (biritime) vi be plugged, be

clogged; be filled up. rivin f flame. riz/rice. rizandin (birizine) vt make (sth) decay. rizgang see rizgank. r.izgank.ffennel, bot Foeniculum vulgare. rizgar adj liberated. - bun vi be liberated. - kirln vt liberate. rizgari f liberation, being liberated r:izindef hinge. rizin (birize) vi be decayed, be rotten. r.iz(i)yayi adj decayed, rotten. rizq m A 1 (one's) daily bread food. 2 daily bread as given by God. d/beard. - ber:dan vt grow a beard, let (one's) beard grow. -(ya xwe) kur/je kirin vt have a shave, shave.-direj adj long-bearded.-si11i adj old man, elder in a community; white-bearded. ri�l m syrupy jam, preserves or marmelade. rifq see nermayi. rih see ri.

rik/sand. rin see r:itin. ri11 J trick. riqqet see dilnermi. ris m,adj wool; woolen. .risin adj woolen. r.i§f oriental sore; boil. r:i�f radicel, rootlet. ritin (bi.ri) vt defecate, empty lhe bowels. ritol m rag. rivin(i)fflame. rix see rex. ro see r.oj. r:oava see rojava. r:obar m river. rodik see rovi. r:odi see revi. rohelat see rojhilat. r:ohilat see r:ojhilat. rohnayi see r:onayi. r:ohni see roni. r:ojfl sun. 2 day. - �On ava vi (sun) set. -hilatin vi (sun) rise.- ba§! Good morn­ ing! Good day! -a din the other day. bi-,- ji- day by day. her- every day. -eke beri-eke adv as soon as possible. rojani adv,! daily; daily wage.

rojava rojava m West. rojbendfsolar system. rojbunfbirthday. rojen f sky-light. rojevf agenda. rojgeran f planet. rojgiran f solar eclipse. rojhelat see rojhilat. rojhilat m 1 East; orient. 2 dawn, sun­ rise. R-a Dur the Far East. R-a Navin the Middle East. R-a Nezik the Near East. rojhilati adj Eastern, oriental. rojhilatnas n orientalist. roji f fast (a religion exercise); fast. girtin vt fast. -(ya xwe) xwarin vt break (one's) fast (at an improper time). bi - fasting. rojin (g)f chimney. rojnamef newspaper. -firo§ n newsa­ gent; newsboy. -gerifjournalism. -van n journalist. -vanif journalism. rojnuskfdiary. rol f Fr role, part. Rom n Ottoman empire. -i n,adj Otto­ man; Turkish. romanf Fr novel. Roman yaf Romania. romizi f daily wage. romi 1 adj treacherous, backstabbing. romi2 see Rom. ron I adj dilute, runny. - kirin vt dilute. ron 2 see .run. ron 3 !,adj light; clear, bright. ronahiflight,day light, brightness. -kirin f enlightenment, illumination, clarifica­ tion. - kirin vt enlighten, illuminate. ronak adj 1 bright, luminous. 2 enlightened. -bir n enlightened person, intel­ lectual. -birif intelligentsia, being an intellectual. -tif brightness. ronavej f projector, flash, spotlight, searchlight. ronayi see ronahi. rondikftear (from eyes). roni adj,! clear, bright, luminous; light, day light.