Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Sangana PPP

Climate Change & Coffee Lausanne I Olympic Museum 29 September 2011

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Coffee + Climate Change ICO says: While climate change is just one of numerous factors that may affect global coffee production, it is nonetheless likely to be one of the most important ones.

Producers say: Rains are changing affecting flowering and therefore distorting our whole production cycle.

Research institutions (CATIE / CIAT) say: Due to changing weather patterns coffee zones are already affected. Adaptation is key to securing production systems.

Traders say: Coffee is a vulnerable crop to changes in climate. We are having trouble finding the right quantities and qualities for our markets.

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Climate vulnerabilities of Kenyan coffee farmers Baragwi Farmers Cooperative Society Ltd:  Deforestation  Pests & Disease  Erosion  Poor farming practices

KOMOTHAI Coffee Growers:  Deforestation  Expansion of agricultural boundaries  Cultivation in water catchment areas  Water pollution

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Climate trends for Kenya  Less seasonality  Average temperature increase of 1°C by 2020 and of 2.3°C by 2050  Rainfall increase from 1405mm to 1575mm in 2050  By 2050 decrease in suitability to between 30 and 50% (today 60 - 80%!)  The Rift Valley will gain in suitability (20 – 30% by 2050)  Current optimal altitude is at 1600masl by 2050 at 1700masl  Altitudes around 1200 to 1300 masl will suffer the highest decrease  Areas around 2000- 2200 masl will experience the highest increase in suitability

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Predictions for Baragwi

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Predictions for Baragwi

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Predictions for Baragwi

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Responses to Climate Change Synergies

Mitigation

GHG

Vulnerabilities

Adaptation

Source: AdapCC 2008

Impacts of CC

Causes of CC

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

The Sangana PPP is…  …a pilot initiative to address climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Kenyan smallholder coffee sector

 ….a three-year Public-Private Partnership (10/2008 – 09/2011) between Sangana Commodities Ltd. and GIZ with the 4C Association, the World Bank and Tchibo GmbH as additional partners; collaboration with Rainforest Alliance  ….focusing its efforts on one pilot group in Kenya  ….aiming at enabling (smallholder) coffee producers to face changing climate conditions via an additional voluntary standard module

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Goals Mitigation  Create a link for coffee smallholders to the carbon

markets  Develop a baseline  Develop a methodology

World Bank + Sangana

Adaptation  Create a

verifiable additional standard module on climate change Sangana +  Focus on adaptation GIZ + 4C  Synergies to mitigation where possible

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

The Climate Module  Elaboration of

an additional module for the 4C standards including climate change adaptation and mitigation

 Voluntary add-on module

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Structure of

Climate Code

Agricultural practices for adaptation and mitigation; Aspects for enhancing framework conditions

Climate Module

Trainings

Trainings for producers and verifiers

the Module

Verification instruments

Climate data base

Necessary tools

Scientific information and climate data

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

How it works 1. Identify the need to act

2. Understand the problem

3. Prioritise activities

5. Verify

4. Implement

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

The Code  …is the heart of the module  …has four components:    

Enabling Environment Natural Resource Management Soil and Crop Management GHG Emissions / Stocks

Three levels of adaptation: 1. Enhancing framework conditions 2. Adaptation of the plant 3. Adaptation of the production system

 …is structured as the other three 4C Dimensions (traffic-light-system); yellow level for verification  …has 4 categories and 15 principles

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Results Climate Module

 Climate Code developed and successfully tested with Baragwi  Several trainings to support the implementation of the Climate Code developed  Verification tools according to 4C verification process developed  Collection of relevant scientific texts, climate data (maps) and web links to further information  Guide book

All results: www.4c-coffeeassociation.org/en/events.php

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Results Trainings  Manual by Sustainable Management Services Ltd on Good Agricultural Practices  1-day introductory training (digital manual + presentations)  Manual incl. overview on coffee and CC in Kenya, guidance for working on CC with farmers in the field, the methodology for participatory analysis of climate vulnerabilities + risks, an introduction to mitigation

 3-day on-farm carbon monitoring training (digital manual + presentations in English and Spanish)  Training for certification bodies (presentation)

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Results Mitigation  Draft methodology (soil carbon)  Draft carbon and socio-economic baseline  On-farm emissions of Baragwi farmers assessed via a greenhouse gas calculator – the Cool Farm Tool (Sustainable Food Lab, University of Aberdeen & Unilever)

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Lessons learnt on the Code Easy for producers:  Defining climatic changes over past years  Defining negative impacts of these changes  Understanding the link btw human activities and CC Challenges:  Terminology: adaptation, mitigation, GHG…  Convince farmers not to plant directly along rivers  Tree data collection

Solutions:  Examples and illustrations  Awareness raising and trainings

 Simplified data sets

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

Lessons learnt - general  Producers have their own coping mechanisms and have to be involved in finding the solutions  Adaptation has to be a mix of scientific and participatory approaches  Local, regional and national networks are necessary for successful adaptation  Funding for adaptation is one of the biggest challenges  Adaptation can have mitigation effects  In agriculture adaptation is more important than mitigation  Data collection for mitigation is cumbersome and not (always) precise

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

The Baragwi Farmers‘ Cooperative Society Ltd.  Founded in 1953  Located in Karumandi & Baragwi in Kirinyaga East District, Kirinyaga County  Owns 12 wet mills  Counts 16,940 members of which 13,472 are actively delivering cherry

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

First perceived impacts at Baragwi  Increase in awareness on climate change and environmental issues  Rising water levels in local river streams due to improved conservation of riparian land  Due to increased quality coffee prices paid to farmers have improved  Some producers have increased their production  Farmers who had abandoned their coffee farms have started to take it up again  Job creation: youth is contracted to do the spraying  The youth is gaining interest in farming again

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

First perceived impacts at Baragwi Year

2008/09

Total weight Highest rate Total income of cherry (KSH) (KSH) (kg) 5,789,403 35.60 234,714,110

2009/10

5,045,077

68.30

293,669,692

2010/11

2,519,648

116.50

298,057,714

2011/12*

7,000,000

100

700,000,000

* Projected estimates

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kenyan Coffee Sector

CC is happening now! The winners will be those, who are best prepared! GIZ Kerstin Linne Project Manager P +49.6196.79 3004 M [email protected]; [email protected] Sangana Commodities Ltd. Baragwi Farmers‘ Cooperative Julius Ng‘ang‘a Ltd. Project Manager Norman Kimani Gatugota P +254.723.786 719 Chairman M [email protected] M [email protected] 4C Association Annette Pensel Director Sustainability Innovations P +49. 228 850 50 24 M [email protected]