Centre for Sustainable Tourism & Transport Annual report 2009

Introduction

While scientific proof for human impacts on the global environment – climate change, water scarcity, biodiversity change and loss, air quality in most urban areas (e.g. Rockstrom et al., 2009) - is mounting and pure technological fits fail to even slow down the problem (conform Edgerton, 2008), policies fail on both the global and national level (like the COP-15 Climate Conference in Copenhagen and the withdrawal of a ticket tax for all flights from the Netherlands only one year after its introduction in 2008). Tourism’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is still on the rise as shown by our own research. For example, the emissions from Dutch holidaymakers increased by 16% between 2002 and 2008 (de Bruijn et al. 2009). At the global level, the discrepancy between emission reduction ambitions and forecasts is shown in Scott et al. (2009). The very future of the tourism sector becomes more and more depending on its performance and contribution to sustainable development. Furthermore, the lack of technological fixes, specifically in tourism and tourism transport, emphasises a need for behavioural change that clearly touches upon lifestyles and everyday happiness of people. The NHTV Centre for Sustainable Tourism & Transport (CSTT) is in the centre of these ongoing debates and contributed in both the public arena by publishing in newspapers and participating in radio programs, and to the scientific community. A main achievement was the TTRA European Chapter annual conference “Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, which CSTT organised in cooperation with NHolland University of Applied Sciences. It was held in Rotterdam and Breda on 22-24 April 2009. A total of 90 delegates from all over the world presented 35 papers and enjoyed four keynote speeches. Also during the first half of 2009, Camillo de Camillis of the Dipartimento di Scienze, University “G. d’Annunzio” in Pescara, Italy, visited the CSTT as a PhD student and contributed to the knowledge development of CSTT. He defended his thesis on life cycle thinking in tourism (de Camillis, 2009) successfully and has acquired his dr title. The public output comprised of a radio interview with BNR Nieuws-radio and hitting a newspaper headline in Trouw, both in January, a contribution to the annual report of NEDAP, articles in Quest and ANWB Autokampioen, and web publications on oneworld.nl and nachhaltigkeit.at. The scientific output comprised of 11 paper presentations at (inter-)national conferences (see list under ‘Conference papers/presentations’), 18 scientific publications of which 4 in reviewed journals, 3 book chapters and one full proceedings of a conference. CSTT contributed to education by running its minor Sustainable Business Development at NHTV with 30 students, successfully guiding 14 students with their (final) theses, and giving some 20 guest lectures

within and outside NHTV. Preparations started for the new BSc Tourism in co-operation with Wageningen University and Research. Employees of CSTT are involved in at least five courses for this new bachelor, covering principles of tourism, economics of tourism, environment and tourism, CSR in tourism, and systems of tourism. A significant share of the CSTT income is generated by projects for third parties. The ‘Projects’ overview shows we were working on 4 large projects with a total value of almost d 100,000. Part of these projects will continue in 2010 and overall project income in 2010 was about d 32,000. The overall trend of revenues is still increasing (for 2010 we expect to generate almost d 90,000). Furthermore, project proposals for some d 100,000 have been submitted that may generate revenues in 2011.

References de Bruijn, K., Dirven, R., Eijgelaar, E. , Peeters, P., 2009. Travelling large in 2008. The carbon footprint of Dutch holidaymakers in 2008 and the development since 2002. Breda: NHTV University for Applied Sciences in collaboration with NBTC-NIPO Research. de Camillis, C., 2009 Towards environmental sustainability of tourism: Life cycle thinking approaches and tools Scuola Superiore “G. d’Annunzio”. School of Advanced Studies Pescara, Universitá degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara. Edgerton, D., 2008. The charge of technology. Nature, 1030-1031. Rockstrom, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sorlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. , Foley, J. A., 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461 (7263), 472-475. Scott, D., Peeters, P. , Gössling, S., 2009. Can Tourism ‘Seal the Deal’ of its Mitigation Commitments? The Challenge of Achieving ‘Aspirational’ Emission Reduction Targets University of Waterloo, NHTV University for Applied Sciences, Lund University.

CSTT employees In 2009 the following people worked for CSTT (the academy or organisation of each employee is listed between brackets): Beppie Heijne (office manager, until September), Claudia Erdkamp (office manager), Eke Eijgelaar (AT), Martin Landré (SLM), Jeroen Nawijn (AT), Pieter Piket (AT), Jakomijn van Wijk (AT), Lilian Wanderley (AT), Kim de Bruijn (NRIT) and Paul Peeters (AT). During the year, Jakomijn van Wijk left NHTV, but stayed in the CSTT research group. She was followed up by Lilian Wanderley, who a.o. continued the successful minor Sustainable Business Development. In September Claudia Erdkamp took over the work of Beppie Heijne as office manager.

Scientific Publications > Bows, A., Anderson, B. & Peeters, P. M. (2009) Air transport, climate change and tourism. Tourism and Hospitality: Planning & Development, 6 (1), 7-20.

> de Bruijn, K., Dirven, R., Eijgelaar, E. & Peeters, P. (2009) Reizen op grote voet 2008. De carbon footprint van vakanties van Nederlanders in 2008 en de ontwikkeling sinds 2002. Breda: NHTV University for Applied Sciences in cooperation with NBTC-NIPO Research.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009) Nederland fietsland? Kansen voor de sector en het milieu. IN NRIT (Ed.) Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2008/2009, 111-15. Breda, Netherlands: NRIT Media.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009) Voluntary carbon offsets a solution for reducing tourism emissions? Assessment of communication aspects and mitigation potential. IN Landré, M. (Ed.) Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference – Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands, 22-24 April, 46-64. Breda: TTRA.

> Landré, M. (2009) Analyzing yachting patterns in the Biesbosch National Park using GIS technology. Technovation (29), 602-610.

> Landré, M. (Ed.) (2009) Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference – Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands, 22-24 April, Breda: TTRA.

> Landré, M. (2009, 11 December 2009) Decision support systems for tourist destination planning. Workshop given at Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland.

> Lumsdon, L. & Peeters, P. M. (2009) Transport and Tourism: Is there a Sustainable Future? Tourism and Hospitality: Planning & Development, 6 (1), 1-5.

> Lumsdon, L., Weston, R., McGrath, P., Davies, N., Peeters, P., Eijgelaar, E. & Piket, P. (2009) The European Cycle Route Network EuroVelo. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism. IP/B/TRAN/IC/2008_097, PE 419.088 Brussels: Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, Transport and Tourism.

> Peeters, P. (2009) Pro-poor tourism, climate change and sustainable development. Tourism Recreation Research, 34 (2), 203-205.

> Peeters, P., Gössling, S. & Lane, B. (2009) Moving towards low-carbon tourism. New opportunities for destinations and tour operators. IN Gössling, S., Hall, C. M. & Weaver, D. B. (Eds.) Sustainable tourism futures. Perspectives on systems, restructuring and innovations, 240-257. New York: Routledge.

> Peeters, P. & Williams, V. (2009) Calculating emissions and radiative forcing: global, national, local, individual. IN Gössling, S. & Upham, P. (Eds.) Climate change and aviation: Issues, challenges and solutions, 69-87. London: Earthscan.

> Peeters, P., Williams, V. & de Haan, A. (2009) Technical and management reduction potentials. IN Gössling, S. & Upham, P. (Eds.) Climate change and aviation: Issues, challenges and solutions, 293-307. London: Earthscan.

> Peeters, P. M. (2009) Carbon footprint emissiefactoren; versie 2008 en trends 20022005. Breda: NHTV.

> Peeters, P. M. (2009) Das Märchen vom nachhaltigen Tourismus Online documents at URL http://www.nachhaltigkeit.at/article/articleview/77254/1/25540/

> Peeters, P., Eijgelaar, E., de Bruijn, K. & Dirven, R. (2009) De ‘carbon footprint’ van de Nederlandse vakantieganger. IN CBS (Ed.) Toerisme en recreatie in cijfers 2009, 123-137. Den Haag/Heerlen, Netherlands: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.

> Piket, P. (2009) Indirect taxes and subsidies for international tourism passenger transport and conflicts with climate policies: a European case study. In Landré, M. (Ed.) Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference – Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands, 22 - 24 April, pages 217 - 233. Breda: TTRA.

> Scott, D., Peeters, P. & Gössling, S. (2009) Can Tourism ‘Seal the Deal’ of its Mitigation Commitments? The Challenge of Achieving ‘Aspirational’ Emission Reduction Targets University of Waterloo, NHTV University for Applied Sciences, Lund University.

Conference Papers/Presentations > Eijgelaar, E. (2009, 22-24 April 2009) Voluntary carbon offsets a solution for reducing tourism emissions? Assessment of communication aspects and mitigation potential. Paper presented at the TTRA European Chapter Conference “Transport and Tourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, Rotterdam / Breda, The Netherlands.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009, 19 November 2009) The Iron Curtain Trail as a EuroVelo route – strengths and weaknesses. Results from the EuroVelo study. Presentation at the The Iron Curtain Trail Awarenessraising Workshop for Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Norway. Warsaw, Poland.

> Nawijn, J. (2009, 23-24 April 2009) The Challenge of a Sustainable Leisure Lifestyle. Presentation at TTRA European Chapter Conference “Transport and Tourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, Rotterdam/Breda , the Netherlands.

> Nawijn, J. (2009) The Holiday Happiness Curve: Mood During a holiday abroad. Presentation at Tourist Experiences: Meanings, Motivations, Behaviours, Preston UK.

> Peeters, P.M., Scott, D. Gössling, S. (2009, 8-10 July 2009) The Post-Kyoto Emissions Challenge for Tourism. Paper presented at the conference TRAVEL & TOURISM IN THE AGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, Robust Findings, Key Uncertainties, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom.

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 23-24 April 2009) “Tourism, transport and climate change. Ethical issues between ineffective and unwanted solutions”. Keynote at TTRA European Chapter Conference “Transport and Tourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, Rotterdam/Breda

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 10 December 2009). “Climate change and tourism, A Scientific Background”. Paper presented at COP15 side event on “climate justice and tourism” organised by EED Tourism Watch, Copenhagen, Denmark.

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 12 November 2009). “De carbon footprint van vakanties van Nederlanders”. Presentation at Customer day of NBTC-NIPO, Schiphol The Netherlands.

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 16 October 2009). “Toerisme, vervoer en klimaatverandering”. Paper presented at to the members of the ‘Sustainable Tourism Committee of DHO Vlaanderen’, Kortrijk, Belgium

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 05 November 2009). “Het toeristisch klimaat Reizen op grote voet 2008”. Paper presented at Vrijetijdsstudiedag, Duurzaamheid: niet denken maar doen (leisure research day, do not think, but act), Etten-Leur The Netherlands.

> Piket, P. (2009, 22 - 24 April 2009) Indirect taxes and subsidies for international tourism passenger transport and conflicts with climate policies: a European case study. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. – Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands.

Projects Project title

The European Cycle Route Network EuroVelo: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism

Year

2008/2009

Period

24-10-2008 until 31-04-2009

Budget

d 19,620

Client

European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, Transport and Tourism

Contractor status

Subcontractor through University of Central Lancashire

Report/product

Report: Lumsdon, L., Weston, R., McGrath, P., Davies, N., Peeters, P., Eijgelaar, E. & Piket, P. (2009) The European Cycle Route Network EuroVelo. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism. IP/B/TRAN/IC/2008_097, PE 419.088. Brussels, Belgium: Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, Transport and Tourism

Project title

Reizen op grote voet 2008

Year

2009

Period

1-6-2009 until 31-10-2009

Budget

d 11,000

Client

Pieken in de Delta

Contractor status

Subcontractor through University for Applied Sciences Zeeland

Report/product

Detailed report on the carbon footprint of Dutch holidaymakers in 2002, 2005 and 2008

Project title

Gestion de l’énergie Transport aérien et tourisme en Méditerranée

Year

2009

Period

1-9-2009 until 31-08-2010

Budget

d 13,825

Client

Blue Plan regional activity centre (UNEP/MAP)

Contractor status

Contractor through the Blue Plan regional activity centre

Report/product

Carbon footprint model and emission scenarios of Mediterranean to assess the impacts of climate mitigation policies on (air transport based) tourism.

Project title

Sustainable Destination Norway 2025

Year

2009/2010

Period

01-09-2009 until 31-08-2010

Budget

d 45,000

Client

The Research Council of Norway

Contractor status

Subcontractor through Vestlandsforsking (West-Norway Research Institute)

Report/product

Model and scenarios for sustainable (low-carbon emission) Norwegian tourism by 2025 plus report

Thesis Assignments Supervisor

Student

Thesis title

Academy/Institution

Period

Paul Peeters

Jan de Haast

Low-Carbon Tourism:

NHTV

August 2009

PhD subject: Life Cycle analysis

University of

January - June 2009

in Tourism and Hospitality

Pescara, Italy

Bachelor Thesis; Aviation

University of Delft

April - June 2009

Global database model of

Technische Universität

April - June 2009

tourism in 2001 and 2005

München, Germany

„Klimafreundlicher Urlaub in

Fachhochschule

Deutschland - Evaluation klima-

Eberswalde, Germany

Reality or Fantasy? Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Camillo de Camillis

Chris Posthuma

Dynamics. How the ministry of Housing, spatial planning and the environment can effectively intervene inDutch aviation Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Acacia Malhado

Silke Rumpelt

January - August 2009

neutraler Tourismusangebote“ Eke Eijgelaar

Carla Thaper

“Impact Analysis of Climate

NHTV (ITMC)

Oct 2008 - May 2009

NHTV (SBM)

November 2009 - June 2010

NHTV (SBM)

November 2009 - June 2010

NHTV (CSTT)

November 2009 - June 2010

NHTV (ITMC)

January - August 2009

Tourism to the Antarctic and Arctic” Lilian Wanderley

Merel van Zaane

The Market for International Rail Travel

Lilian Wanderley

Anil Gurturk

Strategic CSR in a Stigmatized Industry: the competitive advantage of MN chemicals

Lilian Wanderley

Janina Schild

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Convention Industry: a multiple case study

Pieter Piket

Rikie de Veer

The inclusion of aviation in the EU emission trading scheme: a cornerstone or weak directive? An evaluation of the lobby effectiveness of the airline industry and environmental sector for the EU emission trading scheme for aviation (Directive 2003/87/EC)

Courses/Guest Lectures (sample) Institute

Participant

Subject

Date

Wageningen University

Paul Peeters

Guest lecture:

17-3-2009

“Climate change and tourism” Maastricht School

Lilian Wanderley

of Management Fontys Hogeschool

Guest lecture:

12-11-2009

“CSR in emerging economies” Paul Peeters

Guest lecture for minor People

2-12-2009

Planet Profit “Climate change and tourism” NHTV Breda

Paul Peeters

Guest lecture for ETM/

6-10-2009

Masters Tourism Destination NHTV: “Tourism and global environmental change plus guiding two groups with assignments” NHTV Breda

Eke Eijgelaar

Guest lecture CPO2:

21-09-2009

“Tourism, transport and the environment” (in Dutch) NHTV Breda

Lilian Wanderley

Course Coordinator Minor

06-09-2009 / 20-11-2009

Sustainable Business Development 2009

NHTV Centre for Sustainable Tourism & Transport (CSTT) P.O. Box 3917 4800 DX Breda The Netherlands T +31-76-533 22 03 F +31-76-533 22 05 www.cstt.nl / www.nhtv.nl