Business Opportunities for Swiss Companies in the Food Processing Industry in Poland

FOOD PROCESSING IN POLAND

OFFICIAL PROGRAM

PARTNER

FOOD PROCESSING IN POLAND Business opportunities for Swiss companies in the food processing industry in Poland

Date: 17.02.2016 Language: English Number of pages: 16 Author: Swiss Business Hub Poland in cooperation with Valians International Ltd. Other sectorial Reports: Are you interested in other Reports for other sectors and countries? Please find more Reports here: s-ge.com/reports

DISCLAIMER The information in this report were gathered and researched from sources believed to be reliable and are written in good faith. Switzerland Global Enterprise and its network partners cannot be held liable for data, which might not be complete, accurate or up-to-date; nor for data which are from internet pages/sources on which Switzerland Global Enterprise or its network partners do not have any influence. The information in this report do not have a legal or juridical character, unless specifically noted.

Contents

1.

FOREWORD____________________________ 5

2.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY __________________6

3.

OVERVIEW OF THE FOOD PROCESSING MARKET IN POLAND ____________________6

3.1.

Characteristics of the food processing sector ____ 6

3.2.

Foreign trade of food products _____________ 7

3.3.

Food production size and structure __________ 8

3.4.

Main Players in the Polish food processing sector _ 9

4.

PROCESSING AND INVESTMENTS________10

4.1.

Production equipment __________________ 10

4.2.

R&D and Innovation activities ______________ 11

4.3.

Financing and investment incentives ________ 12

5.

DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES AND TRENDS ______________________________ 13

5.1.

Opportunities and challenges _____________ 13

5.2.

Main growth markets ___________________ 13

6.

CONCLUSION / CALL-FOR-ACTION _______14

6.1.

Opportunities for swiss food producers _______ 14

6.2.

Opportunities for swiss producers of industrial equipments and processes _______________ 14

7.

ATTACHMENTS________________________ 15

7.1.

List of Major food clusters, associations and trade fair in Poland ________________________ 15

7.2.

Bibliography and sources ________________ 15

List of tables and figures

Table 1: 15 largest food producers in Poland …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9 Table 2: Gross value of production fixed assets in the agro-food processing sector in Poland………………………………………….……10 Table 3: Agro-food companies applying innovations………………………………………………………………………………………………………...11

Figure 1: Structure of the Polish food exports in 2014………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 Figure 2: Exports and imports of food products in Poland………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Figure 3: Food production in Poland………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 Figure 4: Structure of food production in Poland in 2014…………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 Figure 5: Investments in industrial equipment in food processing………………………………………………………………….…………..…….10 Figure 6: R&D and Innovation expenditure in food processing sector in Poland………………………………………………………………….11

1. Foreword Poland’s importance as an economic partner of Switzerland has consistently increased over the past years. With a bilateral trade volume of CHF 3.8 billion Poland is the most important trade partner in Central-Eastern Europe for Switzerland. In particular, the exports of packaging and filling machines grew from CHF 10.9 million in 2013 to over 27 million in 2015. And this indicates only the start of a new wave of investments in the food processing sector in Poland. According to sector insiders, the main bottleneck in the production process of many SMEs is a low level of automation, especially at the end of the production line. Due to increasing labor costs and the internationalization of the Polish food sector, Polish companies must invest in new technology to compete on the global market. In addition there is more than EUR 700 million from EU-funds for the period 2014-2020 dedicated to the modernization of the food sector in Poland. Swiss Companies involved in machinery and processes for the food industry can benefit from these market opportunities. This concerns especially companies offering equipment and processes for the improvement of productivity.

Benjamin Schwägli Head of Swiss Business Hub Poland Swiss Business Hub Poland c/o Embassy of Switzerland Al. Ujazdowskie 27 PL-00-540 Warsaw [email protected] Phone +48 22 521 32 54 s-ge.com/sbhpoland

2. Executive Summary The Polish food processing market has been systematically improving its capacities and international competitiveness during the last decade. Nowadays, it is facing new challenges which will decide about its future development. These challenges result from the following facts:  Investments carried out after Poland’s accession to the EU led to a significant increase of production capacities and finally to overcapacity estimated today at 30%.  Despite a large and absorptive internal market, Polish food producers have to significantly increase exports in order to avoid stagnation. Thus, the food processing sector in Poland enters to a new stage of development which will require:  Further investments, especially in effectiveness of production process (value chain management, robotics etc.);  Increasing of companies’ innovativeness;  Structural changes, including consolidation of production. This need for further internationalization of food processing sector in Poland opens new opportunities for cooperation between local companies and foreign partners in form of i.a. technology transfer through licencing or sale of capital goods, common R&D projects or FDI.

3. Overview of the food processing market in Poland The food processing is considered as one of the key branches of the Polish economy. In 2014, with PLN 207.9 billion (EUR 50 billion) of the sold production it accounted for 21.7% of the total industrial production and 12% of the GDP. It also plays a special role in the Polish economy for social reasons as a major employer in Eastern Poland affected by high unemployment. Furthermore, it has a good impact on Poland’s trade balance.

3.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR Food processing in Poland (including beverages and tobacco production) is the most developed one compared to other countries in the Central and Eastern Europe. The reasons are as follows:  Absorptive internal market – with 38 million inhabitants and continuously growing purchasing power, Poland represents one of the largest markets in the EU. Internal demand for food in Poland is considered as very stable and the value of the market is estimated at some PLN 170 billion (EUR 40 billion) on annual basis. Around 60% of the domestic demand is satisfied by Polish products.  Rich tradition in agriculture and other agro-businesses – this potential created in the pre-EU period has been developed after Poland’s integration with the EU, thanks to Common Agriculture Policy and other European funds.  Good international competitiveness and growing export of Polish agro-food products (see point 3.2. for more details). Thanks to the above determinants, the Polish food processing sector is also quite flexible. It means that it adapts relatively well to changing market conditions. This was proved, for example, during recent Ukrainian crisis, when despite the Russian embargo for many Polish products, Polish firms were able to increase their turnover by finding new clients on internal and international markets. FOOD PROCESSING IN POLAND

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3.2. FOREIGN TRADE OF FOOD PRODUCTS In 2014, with a trade balance of EUR 7 billion Poland ranked the 4th largest net exporter of food products in the EU, after Netherlands, France and Spain. In 2004, Poland’s trade balance in food sector amounted to EUR 1.2 billion, so it increased nearly 6 times during a decade. Exports of food products The value of Polish food exports amounted to EUR 20.1 billion in 2014. It was 5.8% more than in 2013 and 4 times more than in 2004 (see Figure 2). It represented 12.3% of the total value of the Polish exports in 2014. Poland sells abroad mostly meat and meat products. Other Polish flagship export products are fruits and vegetables (fresh and processed) as well as drinks (mostly beer and vodka) and tobacco (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Structure of the Polish agro-food export in 2014 (by product groups) Polish food products are exported mostly Sugar and to Germany (21.6% of the total value of Animal feed 3% honey 3% Meat and meat agro-food exports in 2014). The second products 20% most popular direction is the United Fish and sea Fruits and Kingdom (12% in 2014) followed by food 7% vegetable France (7.1 % in 2014) Italy (5.8 % in Other food 8% products 15% 2014) and the Czech Republic (5.7 % in 2014). Cocoa,tea, Among Poland’s most important new coffee 10% export markets are China (e.g. in 2013 export to China doubled the level of 2012) and Saudi Arabia (a 73% growth in 2014). So far, around 80% of Polish food exports have been directed to EU countries but the Cereals growth of global demand for food is processing & currently driven mostly by emerging bakery 11% Beverages & markets in Asia and Africa. The Polish tobacco 13% food sector should take it into Dairy products consideration in its export strategies. 10% Source: GUS : International Trade Statistical Yearbook

In 2014, Poland’s food exports to Switzerland amounted to ca. EUR 71.9 million which represented around 5% of the total Polish exports to this country.

Figure 2: Exports and imports of food products in Poland (in EUR million) 25'000 20'000

Import of food products In 2014, Poland imported food products for a total value of EUR 13 billion, which represented a 4.3% growth compared to 2013 (see Figure 2). It accounted for around 7.9% of the total value of the Polish imports in 2014. Fruits and vegetables are the most important product group in the structure of the Polish food imports (19.6% in v1lue terms in 2013). They are followed by meat products (12.8%), fish and sea food (12.3%) and cocoa, tea, coffee (11.7%). Poland imports food products mostly from Germany (23.5% of Polish total food imports in 2013). Source: Eurostat

In 2014, Poland’s food imports from Switzerland amounted to ca. EUR 28 million only which represented around 2.1% of the total Polish imports from this country.

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15'000 10'000 5'000 -

Export

Import

3.3. FOOD PRODUCTION SIZE AND STRUCTURE In 2014, the value of production sold of the food processing sector amounted to PLN 2o7.9 billion, so 0.2% less than 1n 2013 but 23.5% more than in 2008 (see Figure 3). According to GUS data, for the last three years food production in Poland has stabilised at a relatively high level of around PLN 200 billion (ca EUR 50 billion). Potential further growth of food production in Poland will depend on development of international competitiveness of Polish producers due to the fact that domestic demand for food is in stagnation but global demand for food is going up rapidly, mostly thanks to emerging markets in Asia and Africa. As far as production structure is concerned, the largest subsector is meat processing followed by beverages production (excluding fruit & vegetable juices) and dairy products (see Figure 4).

Figure 3: Food production in Poland (value of production sold in PLN million) 250'000.0 200'000.0 150'000.0 100'000.0 50'000.0 0.0 2008 2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Source: GUS : Industry Statistical Yearbook

Figure 4: Structure of food production in Poland in 2014 (by groups of products) Cocoa & sugar confection Fish and sea food Oils and fats 4% 2% 4% Proceeded fruits and vegetables 6%

Meat and meat products 25%

Animal Feeds 6% Other food 8%

Cereals processing & bakery 10%

Beverages and tobacco 23% Dairy products 12%

Source: GUS : Industry Statistical Yearbook

Fresh meat and meat processing constitute the largest subsector of the Polish agro-food industry, in terms of value of production sold and exported. In 2014, the value of production sold of this subsector amounted to PLN 51.6 billion (EUR 12.3 billion). As far as exports are concerned, Poland sells on international markets mostly poultry and pork (nearly 40% of Polish total meat exports each) and beef (nearly 20%). The Russian embargo struck mainly Polish pork producers, who also suffer from considerable decreasing of pork prices on international markets. Production sold of beverages and tobacco (excluding vegetable and fruit juices) amounted to PLN 47.7 billion (around EUR 11.4 billion) in 2014. Tobacco production accounted for 36.3% of this value and beers and vodkas for 25.1% and 18% respectively. Vodkas and beers are also Polish flagship export products. Poland is one of the largest producers of dairy products in the EU. In 2014, the value of production sold of this subsector in Poland amounted to PLN 26.1 billion (EUR 6.2 billion). However, due to expiration of milk production limits in the EU on the 1st of April 2015, producers of dairy products will have to face problems such as possible overproduction in Poland and other European countries, higher competitive pressure and further decrease of prices. Thus, some considerable changes in this subsector, including production consolidation, are expected.

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3.4. MAIN PLAYERS IN THE POLISH FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR In 2013, 2 523 companies operated in the agro-food processing sector in Poland, which represented 17.7% of the total number of companies in industrial processing. 47.6% of these companies were micro and small enterprises employing up to 49 people, 41.6% medium-sized enterprises (50 – 249 employees) and only 10.8% large companies with 250 employees or more. Thus, the agro-food production in Poland is much dispersed. This factor might hinder the sector’s further modernisation. According to National Bank of Poland, at the end of 2013 the cumulative value of FDI in the food processing amounted to EUR 9.2 billion which stated for 5.7% of the total stock of FDI in Poland. Food producers with a foreign capital represent around 20% of companies operating in this sector. Among the 15 largest agro-food companies in Poland 10 have foreign capital (see Table 1) Table 1: 15 largest food producers in Poland

Source: Przemysł Spożywczy vol 68 XII 2014, Gazeta Finansowa no 27 VI-VII 2014

Swiss food companies have relatively small representation among foreign investors on the Polish market. Nestle is the largest Swiss investor in this sector in Poland. The Company has currently 10 production plants in Poland, which employ more than 5 000 people. Nestle’s so far investments in Poland are estimated at around PLN 2.3 billion (more than EUR 500 million) but the Company intends to increase its capital commitments on this market (for example it has just invested around EUR 70 million in PURINA animal feed plant near Wroclaw and plans to invest further EUR 35 million by the end of 2015). Other Swiss food companies on the List of Major Foreign Investors in Poland are: Aryzta (bakery), Hosta International and Lindt (confection). Swiss investors are also present in businesses supporting food processing in Poland such as production equipment (Bühler AG), measuring (Endress+Hauser, Mettler Toledo) as well as upstream activities – e.g. biotechnology (Syngenta AG).

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4. Processing and investments Food processing in Poland reached a high level of production capacities and good product quality but in order to face international competitive pressure in long term, it needs to develop new competitive advantages, other than low labour costs. Thus, new capital expenditure and investments in innovation become necessary.

4.1. PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT After Poland’s integration with the EU in 2004, the Polish food sector gained new possibilities of investments in its production equipment, in particular thanks to EU structural funds and easier access to international capital and know-how. It was a driving force for modernisation and increasing of production capacities of food manufacturers in Poland. Value of production fixed assets and capital expenditure The value of production equipment in the agro-food processing sector in Poland has considerably increased during the last years. In 2013, gross value of production fixed assets (machinery, technical equipment and tools, without buildings and transport equipment) amounted to PLN 59.2 billion (EUR 14 billion) and was 87% higher than in 2004 (see Table 2). Table 2: Gross value of production fixed assets in the agro-food processing sector in Poland

Source: GUS – Fixed Assets Tables

From 2004 to 2013, the cumulative capital expenditure in production equipment in food processing totalled PLN 44.5 billion (EUR 10.5 billion) which means that Polish firms invested around EUR 1 billion on average every year (Figure 5). Despite these investments the level of production assets’ depreciation in the agro-food processing sector is still rather high. According to GUS data, as at the end of 2013 it amounted to 61.2% in food processing and 63.3% in beverages processing, compared to 60.7% average for all processing sectors and 57% average for the Polish economy as a whole. Only in the case of tobacco processing this parameter looks better than average (48.3% in 2013). Thus, it means that industrial equipment of food manufacturers in Poland needs further modernisation.

Figure 5 Investments in industrial equipment in food processing (in PLN million)

6'000 4'000 2'000 -

Source: GUS – Fixed Assets Tables

Results of investments Hitherto investments in the agro-food processing sector were dedicated, first of all, to the purposes listed below.  Development of production capacities which resulted in a 30% overcapacity.  Equipment modernisation and increasing of know-how – thanks to investment inflow during the first decade after Poland’s integration with the EU, Polish food producers were able to replace old machines and tools by modern equipment but this trend concerned only a part of enterprises (mostly largest players). Average level of production assets’ depreciation in food processing sector is still quite high, thus the modernisation process should be continued.  Improving of quality control – Poland is one of EU leaders in terms of number of products registered in the EU food quality schemes (wild use of QAFP). Also, we can observe growing implementation of other safety and hygiene standards (GHP, GMP, HACCP). As at the end of 2013, GHP/GMP systems have been implemented in more than 75% of Polish agro-food producers. FOOD PROCESSING IN POLAND

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Sources of equipment for the food industry Poland has a rich tradition in manufacturing of machines and other equipment for agriculture and food industry (it was one of Poland’s specialisation in Comecon). There is still a number of Polish firms operating in this sector, for example: Lambda (equipment for fish and meat processing), Spomasz (complete production lines for different food processing, heating and pasteurising devices) Uni-Masz (production lines mostly for fruit and vegetable processing), ZRH KOKO (production equipment for meat processing), Remid (packaging and washing machines), Mastech (industrial automation and storage IT management), Bakerfix (production equipment for bakery and confection), Request (production of equipment for pasta processing) and many others. Polish suppliers’ offer is often based on low-cost approach and low to middle range products. In addition, there is also a large presence of international players on the Polish market, especially in the field of production lines with higher range of technology. Some of the major international suppliers of equipment for the food industry present on the Polish market are: Eurofours and Bongard (France, equipment for bakery processing), Dadaux (France, equipment for meat processing), Trepko (Sweden, food packaging), Kometos Oy (Finland, modular facilities for fish and meat processing, mobile abattoirs), AWE (Australia, production lines for different food processing), MOBA (Germany, egg industry) and others. In general, foreign companies operate on the Polish market through their subsidiaries or specialized distributors. Most of the current offer in industrial equipment for food industry is from Poland or Western Europe.

4.2. R&D AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES The level of R&D and innovation activity of food producers in Poland is still quite low. In 2013, agro-food companies spent on R&D and innovation PLN 2.4 billion (EUR 0.6 billion). It was 6.7% more than in 2012 but 13.7% less than Figure 6: R&D and Innovation expenditure in 2006. Low importance of R&D and innovation in in food processing sector in Poland (in PLN million) development of food producers is also reflected in the ratio “R&D and innovation expenditure/the value of production 3000 2.50% sold” which recently only slightly exceeds 1% (see Figure 2500 2.08% 2.00% 6). Furthermore, survey researches in this field confirm 2000 that innovation activities in food firms are going down. In 1.50% 1.51% the period 2008-2010 food producers which declared 1500 1.24% 1.18% 1.13% 1.00% applying of process or product innovation represented 0.95% 1.04% 0.92% 1000 28.3% of the total number of companies in this sector, 0.50% 500 while in the period 2011-2013 this percentage decreased to 0 0.00% 26.5% (Table 3). Table 3: Agro-food companies applying innovations 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Expenditure on R&D+I

% of production sold

Source: Statistical Yearbooks of Industry

Source: Statistical Yearbooks of Industry

However, taking into consideration priorities defined in the EU financial perspective 2014 – 2020, which focus on internationalisation and innovation, we can expect increasing of Polish firms R&D and innovative activities.

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4.3. FINANCING AND INVESTMENT INCENTIVES Polish agro-food processing sector remains one of the key branches of the Polish economy so its further development occupies an important place in Poland’s economic policy. Agro-food companies could count on some special financing programs and incentives which are characterised hereafter in this point. EU funds and other public supports The first important inflow of investments in the Polish food processing sector stared just before Poland’s accession to the EU and continued after May 2004, when Poland became EU member. From May 2004 to December 2014 the EU transferred to Poland EUR 109.6 billion, including EUR 34.5 billion for the Common Agriculture Policy. EU direct financial support for the food processing sector exceeded EUR 1 billion during this period. It stimulated local state grants and private investments and become a driving force for development of the Polish agro-food sector. In the current EU financial perspective Poland remains the largest beneficiary of EU structural funds. In the period 2014 – 2020 the EU should transfer to Poland EUR 82.5 billion as a support for local investments. More than EUR 700 million from EU funds will be dedicated to modernization and internationalization of the food sector. Financing from EU structural funds will be accompanied by Polish public support mostly from regional budgets. The maximum level of such support depends on the business location and it is the highest (50% of eligible costs) in Eastern Poland voivodeships traditionally specialised in agro-food production. The public support will also include government grants which will be dedicated to 7 strategic sectors, including agro-food, biotechnology and R&D. EU’s and Polish government’s priorities focused on R&D and innovations should encourage Polish firms to intensify their innovative activities. European and Polish public support should stimulate further private investments in in these fields. Tax incentives Different kinds of tax reliefs remain an important incentive for investors in Poland. They include:  Income tax exemption in special economic zones (SEZ) - investors in 14 SEZ, which will operate in Poland until 2026, can profit from income tax exemption if their investment expenditures amount to at least EUR 100 thousands;  Technological relief – possibility to reduce taxable income by 50% of expenditures on acquisition of new technologies;  Reliefs in local taxes depending on local strategies and priorities.

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5. Development perspectives and trends Food processing sector in Poland has high investment potential, however, in order to transfer this potential into real growth in competitive environment it needs further investments and restructuring. The main strategic purpose of this sector is to build new competitive advantages based on R&D and innovation.

5.1. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Production overcapacity is one of the main challenges of the food processing sector in Poland. Due to this, Polish food producers have to considerably increase their exports. According to Janusz Piechociński – the former Minister of Economy - if within 2-3 coming years export of Polish food does not double its current level, the sector will be in trouble. Taking into consideration the above, future investments in food processing sector in Poland should aim at further increasing of international competitiveness of Polish products. According to sector’s insiders, to achieve this goal it is necessary to improve efficiency of the production process by investing in:  Increasing of workforce productivity - so far, due to low labor costs, workforce productivity was not considered as a key factor of competitiveness which discouraged the companies from investing in robotics and other solutions increasing work performance. However, salaries in food processing are rapidly going up (between 2005 and 2013 by 59.2%), so increasing of workforce productivity became a must;  Automation of the end of production lines, including robotics in packaging and palletizing which according to sector’s insiders, would allow Polish firms a better utilisation of their production capacities;  Modern IT systems permitting better integration and management of all production stages: supply-productionquality control-storage,  Modern packaging guarantying longer products’ validity periods. Too high dispersion of agro-food production in Poland is considered as one of the basic inhibitory factors for modernisation and internationalization. Today 7% of Polish food exporters account for 80% of food export. Thus, an important challenge is to stimulate export activities at Polish SMEs but also, to consolidate production in this sector.

5.2. MAIN GROWTH MARKETS We can observe a significant evolution of consumption models in the Polish society, which results, among others, from Poland’s more intensive cultural exchange with other EU countries, increasing of purchasing power of Poles, as well as some global factors like, for examples, increasing fear of consequences of the civilization development. These factors are very often contradictory and determine different trends in the agro-food sector. Among newly developing subsectors on the Polish market we can mention:  Eco-food – the value of this subsector is currently estimated at some PLN 650 million (EUR 155 million) on annual basis but it is supposed to grow by 20% per annum during the coming years. Dispersed structure of Polish food production and Polish agriculture still more natural than in the Western European countries favour development of eco-manufacturers.  Convenience food – longer working hours and increasing pace of life result in growing demand for “easy to eat” concepts of food. For the time being offer in this field on the Polish market is quite poor (e.g. limited choice of flavours) and base on traditional forms of long validity food (frozen, cans etc.). The future development of this subsector will have to base on innovative products such as fresh food in vacuum packaging permitting longer validity periods. This kind of products would be better adapted to customers’ expectations regarding natural healthy food.

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6. Conclusion / Call-for-Action Challenges which the food processing sector in Poland has to face in the coming years open new opportunities for cooperation between local enterprises and foreign partners, including Swiss companies from the food industry and supporting businesses. These opportunities are presented hereafter.

6.1. OPPORTUNITIES FOR SWISS FOOD PRODUCERS 

Entering new growing markets

Despite quite high saturation of the Polish food market and demand for food considered as flat (in stagnation), some market segments in Poland are expected to grow in the near future. It concerns mostly innovative and high quality products, such as convenience food in new generation packaging, healthy products with low sodium content etc. Today, Polish producers have relatively low representation in these segments which opens opportunities for import or green-field investments of foreign companies. 

M&A opportunities

Limited size of a vast majority of Polish food producers reduces their profitability and ability to internationalize. Thus, consolidation of food production in Poland seems to be inevitable. It creates a good opportunity for those Swiss companies which consider development in Central and Eastern Europe through FDI.

6.2. OPPORTUNITIES FOR SWISS PRODUCERS OF INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENTS AND PROCESSES 

Growing demand for innovative technical solutions

Increasing of production effectiveness and innovation are sine qua non conditions for Polish firms’ further internationalisation and development. Thus, Polish food producers are looking for new technical solutions in robotics, modern packaging, and integrated management of all stages of production process. It represents a good opportunity for Swiss companies which are able to provide local enterprises with innovative industrial equipment, processes or IT solutions. 

Access to public financing

Due to high priority for further development of innovation and internationalization, Polish firms can count on cofinancing of related investments from European and local public sources. It should stimulate import of high quality investment goods as well as common R&D programs with international partners.

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7. Attachments 7.1. LIST OF MAJOR FOOD CLUSTERS, ASSOCIATIONS AND TRADE FAIR IN POLAND A large number of food clusters are operating in Poland, major among them are listed below:  ''FOOD 4 GOOD'' food for health (www.food4good.com.pl)  Agro Cluster 'Kujawy' - Association for Innovation and Development (www.agroklaster.pl)  Centre of innovation and technology of packaging food products- European Competence Agreement www.ribs.org.pl  Grajewo Industrial Cluster (www.cpir.org.pl/category/klastry/grajewski-klaster-przemyslowy)  Leszno Flavours (www.leszczynskiesmaki.pl)  Southern Wielkopolska Food Cluster (www.klaster.kalisz.pl)  Eastern Food-Industrial District (www.klasterspozywczy.pl)  Beef Cluster (www.klaster-wolowiny.pl) Furthermore, a number of smaller food sub-clusters are operating within largest regional clusters, for example (bakery cluster and regional food cluster in Podlasie, Eastern Poland). There are a lot of professional associations acting on the food processing sector in Poland, including:     

The Polish Federation of Food Industry Union of Employers (Polska Federacja Producentów Żywności Związek Pracodawców), http://www.pfpz.pl/index/ Association of Eco-Food Producers „Ekoland“ (Stowarzyszenie Producentów Żywności Metodami Ekologicznymi „Ekoland“), http://www.ekolandpolska.pl/ Association „Polish Meat“ (Związek Polskie Mięso), http://polskie-mieso.pl/ Association of Polish Milk Processing (Związek Polskich Przetwórców Mleka), http://www.portalmleczarski.pl/ Plus many other sub-sectors’ associations.

Major food sector fairs are:  Polagra-Food (http://www.polagra-food.pl/pl/) - international fairs for food producers, next edition 21-24 September 2015  Polagra-Tech (http://www.polagra-tech.pl/pl) which organised various exhibitions regarding technologies in particular food subsectors, next editions: 21-24 September 2015 – special focus on meat and fish technologies, Autumn 2016 – special focus on baking and confectionery technologies  Pakfood (http://www.pakfood.pl/pl/) - fairs for food packaging, next edition 21-24 September 2015  Taropak (http://www.taropak.pl/pl/) - international fairs for packaging technics and equipment, next edition 26-29 September 2016.  World Food Warsaw (http://worldfood.pl) - international fairs for food producers, next edition 19-21 April 2016

7.2. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES     

Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) Eurostat Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (PAIZ) www.portalspozywczy.pl www.biznes.newseria.pl

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