UDC 636

Print ISSN 1450-9156 Online ISSN 2217-7140

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

3rd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS “New Perspectives and Challenges of Sustainable Livestock Production”

Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 5 – 7th October 2011

VOL 27,

4

Founder and publisher INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 11080 Belgrade-Zemun

Belgrade 2011

Journal for the Improvement of Animal Husbandry

UDC636

Print ISSN 1450-9156 Online ISSN 2217-7140

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 3rd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS “New Perspectives and Challenges of Sustainable Livestock Production”

Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 5 – 7th October 2011

Belgrade - Zemun 2011

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27 (4), p 1407-1858, 2011 Publisher: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun

Editorial Council Prof. Dr. Milica Petrović, President Dr. Ratimir Cmiljanić, Science Advisor Prof. Dr. Vojislav Pavlović, full prof. Dr. Zoran Lugić, Science Advisor

Editor’ s Office Prof. Dr. Martin Wähner, Germany Dr. Branislav Živković, Serbia Dr. Marin Todorov, Bulgaria Dr. Milan M. Petrović, Serbia Prof. Dr. Gunnar Klemetsdal, Norway Prof. Dr. Dragan Glamočić, Serbia Prof. Dr. Vigilijus Jukna, Lithuania Dr. Elena Kistanova, Bulgaria

ISSN 1450-9156 UDC 636

Prof. Dr. Zlatko Skalicki, full prof. Mr. Miroslav Blagojević Prof. Dr. Milan Krajinović, full prof. Prof. Dr. Wladyslaw Migdal, Poland Prof. Dr. Colin Whitehead, United Kingdom Dr. Branislav Bobček, Slovak Republic Prof. Dr. Sandra Edwards, United Kingdom Dr. Vojislav Mihailović, Serbia Prof. Dr. Giacomo Biagi, Italy Prof. Dr. Stelios Deligeorgis, Greece Prof. Dr. Hasan Ulker, Turkey Dr. Catalin Dragomir, Romania

On behalf of publisher Miloš Lukić, PhD, Research Fellow, Director of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

Editor in Chief Zlatica Pavlovski, PhD, Science Advisor, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

Deputy Editor in Chief Zorica Tomić, PhD, Science Advisor, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

Editor Vesna Krnjaja, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

Section Editors Genetics and breeding Milan P. Petrović, Ph.D, Science Advisor Reproduction and management Miroslav Žujović, Ph.D, Science Advisor Nutrition and physiology of domestic animals Ljljana Sretenović, Ph.D, Science Advisor

Food safety, technology and quality of animal products Stevica Aleksić, Ph.D, Science Advisor Sustainability of feed production and ecology Zorica Tomić, Ph.D, Science Advisor Alternative production in livestock Miloš Lukić, Ph.D, Research Fellow

Language editor Olga Devečerski, grad. prof.

Address of the Editor’s office Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, P. Box 23, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Republic of Serbia Tel. 381 11 2691 611, 2670 121; Fax 381 11 2670 164; e-mail: [email protected]; www.istocar.bg.ac.rs Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry is covered by Agricultural Information Services (AGRIS) -Bibliographic coverage of abstracts; Electronic Journal Access Project by Colorado Altiance Research Libraries -Colorado, Denver; USA; Matica Srpska Library -Referal Center; National Library of Serbia; University Library "Svetozar Markovic", Belgrade, Serbia According to CEON bibliometrical analysis citation in SCI index 212, in ISI 9, impact factor (2 and 5) of journal in 2007: 0,667 and 0,467, - M51 category Annual subscription: for individuals -500 RSD, for organizations 1200 RSD, -foreign subscriptions 20 EUR. Bank account Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd-Zemun 105-1073-11 Aik banka Niš Filijala Beograd. Journal is published in four issues annually, circulation 150 copies. The publication of this journal is sponsored by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia. Printed: "Mladost birošped", Novi Beograd, St. Bulevar AVNOJ-a 12, tel. 381 11 2601-506

PATRON

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia

International Scientific Committee

Chairman,

Prof. Dr. Martin Wähner, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany

Secretary,

Dr. Zlatica Pavlovski, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia

Members,

Dr. Stevica Aleksić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Milan M. Petrović, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Dr. Zorica Tomić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Prof. Dr. Milica Petrović, Faculty of Agriculture, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Prof. Dr. Dragan Glamočić, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia Prof. Dr. Mohamed Kenawi, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia, Egypt Prof. Dr. Wladyslav Migdal, Agricultural University, Kraków, Poland Dr. Lazar Kozelov, Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria Dr. Marin Todorov, Institute of Upland Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, Bulgaria Dr. Catalin Dragomir, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA Balotesti), Ilfov, Romania Prof. Dr. Drago Kompan, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia Prof. Dr. Giacomo Biagi, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Prof. Dr. Vigilijus Jukna, Lithuanian University of Health Science Veterinary Academy, Laboratory of Meat Characteristics and Quality Assessment, Kaunas, Lithuania

Dr. Sandor Kukovics, Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Herceghalom, Hungary Dr. Ivan Bahelka, Animal Production Research Centre, Lužianky, Slovakia Dr. Elena Kistanova, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Prof. Dr. Mirjana Baban, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Animal Husbandry, Osijek, Croatia Prof. Dr. Pero Mijić, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Animal Husbandry, Osijek, Croatia Prof. Dr. Božidarka Marković, University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Podgorica, Montenegro Prof. Dr. Jani Mavromati, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania Prof. Dr. Lovita Adriani, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia Prof. Dr. Kazutaka Umetsu, Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan

Organizing Committee Chairman,

Dr. Miloš Lukić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia

Secretary,

Dr. Vesna S. Krnjaja, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia

Members,

Dr. Ljiljana Sretenović, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Dr. Miroslav Žujović, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Branislav Živković, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Dr. Milan P. Petrović, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Zdenka Škrbić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Dragana Ružić-Muslić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Dr. Vlada Pantelić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Željko Novaković, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Zorica Bijelić, Institute for Animal Husbandry, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Prof. Dr. Zlatko Skalicki, Faculty of Agriculture, BelgradeZemun, Serbia Dr. Predrag Perišić, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Dr. Borislav Kobiljski, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Dr. Vojislav Mihailović, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Prof. Dr. Niko Milošević, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia Dr. Vesna Matekalo-Sverak, Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Serbia Dr. Branka Vidić, Scientific Veterinary Institute „Novi Sad“, Novi Sad , Serbia Dr. Dobrila Jakić-Dimić, Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Dr. Zoran Lugić, Institute for Forage Crops, Kruševac, Serbia

CONTENTS W. Migdal, B. Živković, Ł. Migdal PROMOTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS AS OPPORTUNITY FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF BREEDING (Poland)............................. 1407 S. Hristov, B. Stanković, M. Todorović-Joksimović, C. Mekić, Z. Zlatanović, D. Ostojić-Andrić, N. Maksimović WELFARE PROBLEMS IN DAIRY CALVES (Serbia)............................. 1417 B. Stanković, S. Hristov, J. Bojkovski, Z. Zlatanović, N. Maksimović, M. Todorović-Joksimović, V. Davidović THE POSSIBILITY OF DAIRY FARMS ISOLATION ASSESSMENT BIOSECURITY ASPECT (Serbia)................................................................ 1425 M. D. Petrović, V. Bogdanović, M. M. Petrović, S. Rakonjac REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS IN SIMMENTAL COWS (Serbia)...................................................................... 1433 M. Petričević, N. Stanišić, Lj. Sretenović, M. M. Petrović, S. Stajić, D. Nikšić PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF CARCASS OF DOMESTIC SPOTTED YOUNG CATTLE OF TWO PRE-SLAUGHTER WEIGHTS (Serbia)........................................................................................................... 1443 Gh. Hrincă ASSOCIATION OF PHENOTYPIC COMBINATIONS Hb/K WITH QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF LAMB PELTS IN THE BOTOSANI KARAKUL SHEEP (Romania)..................................................................... 1451 B. Jašović, J. Stojković, B. Milošević, M. Milenković, Z. Spasić, R. Đoković THE CONSEQUENCES OF USING MIXTURE WITH BUFFERS EFFECTS ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BLOOD SERUM DURING THE FATTENING OF THE LAMBS (Serbia).............. 1463 M. Krajinović, I. Pihler, V. Simin, A. Jocić, S. Nićin, M. Žujović THE INFLUENCE OF NUMBER OF LACTATION ON MILK YIELD PARAMETERS IN GERMAN FAWN GOATS (Serbia)............................. 1469 E. Ghiţă, C. Lazăr, R. S. Pelmus, M. Ropota, I. Voicu RESEARCH ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE ROMANIAN TELEORMAN BLACK HEAD SHEEP BY CROSSING WITH MEAT BREEDS (Romania)...................... 1477

S. Stajić, N. Stanišić, M. Perunović, D. Živković, M. Žujović POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF GOAT MEAT IN THE PRODUCTION OF TRADITIONAL SUCUK (Serbia)............................... 1489 I. Pavlović, S. Ivanović, M. Žujović, Z.Tomić HELMINTHOSES OF GOATS BREEDING AT BELGRADE AREA (Serbia)........................................................................................................... 1499 D. Milić, Đ. Karagić, S. Vasiljević, A. Mikić, B. Mijić, S. Katić, LEAF AND STEM CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIVERGENT ALFALFA CULTIVARS (Serbia)................................................................ 1505 Ž. Gacovski, G. Cilev BIOLOGICAL AND GENETICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID MAIZE KNEZA 683A (Macedonia)............................................................. 1513 S. Petrović, S. Vučković, A. Simić STAND DENSITY EFFECTS ON BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL HERBAGE YIELD GROWN FOR COMBINED USAGE (Serbia)................................ 1523 R. Nastova, N. Nikolova PUMPKINSEED (Lepomis gibbosus L.1758) - UNWELCOME INHIBITANT OF ICHTHYOFAUNA IN THE RESERVOIR STREZEVO IN R. MACEDONIA (Macedonia)........................................... 1531 V. Perić, S. Žilić, M. Srebrić, A. Mikić NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE GRAIN OF KUNITZ - FREE SOYBEAN CULTIVARS (Serbia)................................................................ 1537 S. Vasiljević, B. Ćupina, Đ. Krstic, I. Pataki, S. Katanski, B. Milošević SEASONAL CHANGES OF PROTEINS, STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES, FATS AND MINERALS IN HERBAGE DRY MATTER OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) (Serbia)................... 1543 B. Dinić, N. Đorđević, J. Radović, D.Terzić, B. Anđelković, M. Blagojević TRENDS IN LEGUMES ENSILAGING (Serbia)........................................ 1551 J. Marković, R. Štrbanović, D. Terzić, R. Stanisavljević, D. Đokić, T. Vasić, B. Anđelković ESTIMATION OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) FORAGE QUALITY PARAMETERS DEPENDING ON THE STAGE OF GROWTH (Serbia)......................................................................................... 1563 R. Stanisavljević, J. Milenković, D. Đokić. D. Terzić, J. Marković, D. Beković, L. Đukanović EFFECT OF CROP DENSITY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ALFALFA FORAGE FROM COMBINED USE (FORAGE-SEED) (Serbia............................................................................................................ 1571

T. Vasić, S. Anđelković, S. Živković, B. Anđelković, D. Terzić, J. Milenković APPEARANCE AND FREQUENCE OF FUNGI ON ALFALFA SEED IN SERBIA (Serbia)...................................................................................... 1579 Đ. Karagić, S. Vasiljević, S. Katić, A. Mikić, D. Milić, B. Milošević, N. Dušanić YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER COMMON VETCH (Vicia sativa L.) HAYLAGE DEPENDING ON SOWING METHOD (Serbia).................... 1585 S. Bogosavljević-Bošković, S. Mitrović, V. Dosković, S. Rakonjac, V. Kurćubić CARCASS COMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT FROM BROILER CHICKENS REARED UNDER INTENSIVE AND SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEMS (Serbia).... ................... 1595 Z. Kanački, S. Stojanović, G. Ušćebrka, D. Žikić THE EFFECT OF MODIFICATION OF INCUBATION FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS (Serbia).................................. 1605 D. Žikić, G. Ušćebrka, D. Gledić, M. Lazarević, S. Stojanović, Z. Kanački THE INFLUENCE OF LONG TERM SOUND STRESS ON HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF BROILER’S ADRENAL GLANDS (Serbia) .......................................................................................................... 1613 S. Stojanović, Z. Kanački, G. Ušćebrka, D. Žikić INFLUENCE OF MODIFIED INCUBATION FACTORS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS (Serbia)........................ 1621 A. Softić, A. Kavazović, A. Gagić, V. Katica, V. Šakić, M. Varatanović, A. Gagić EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS ON BODY CONFORMATION OF THE FATTENING CHICKENS (Bosnia and Herzegovina)................................. 1629 S. Bogosavljević-Bošković, V. Dosković, S. Mitrović, S. Rakonjac, M.D. Petrović BROILER MEAT QUALITY: THE EFFECT OF REARING SYSTEM AND LENGTH OF FATTENING PERIOD (Serbia)................................................ 1635 S. Lilić, D. Šefer, S. Dimitrijević, T. Ilić, S. Ivanović, V. Matekalo-Sverak GROWTH PERFORMANCES OF BROILERS HYBRO G+ PROVENIENCE (Serbia)............................................................................... 1643 D. Kocevski, N. Nikolova, A. Kuzelov THE INFLUENCE OF STRAIN AND AGE ON SOME EGG QUALITY PARAMETERS OF COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS (Macedonia)........... 1649

N. Nikolova, D. Kocevski, A. Kuzelov INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE ON EGGSHELL STRENGTH AND THE HATCHABILITY OF LAYING PARENTS STOCK FLOCK (Macedonia)................................................................................................... 1659 M. Đukić-Stojčić, W. Bessei THE EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOAD ON THE LEGS OF BROILERS BEHAVIOUR (Serbia).................................................................................... 1667 V. Rodić, L. Perić, M. Đukić- Stojčić, N. Vukelić THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POULTRY PRODUCTION (Serbia)............................................................................................................. 1673 N. Milošević, V. Stanaćev, L. Perić, D. Žikić, M. Đukić-Stojčić, D. Milić USE EXTRUDED RAPESEED MEAL IN THE FEED OF BROILER CHICKENS (Serbia)....................................................................................... 1681 S. Bjedov, D. B. Ljubojević, N. Milošević, V. Stanaćev, M. Đukić-Stojčić, D. Milić PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF MEAT TYPE HYBRIDS (Serbia)... 1689 N. Džinić, Đ. Okanović, M. Jokanović, T. Tasić, V. Tomović, P. Ikonić, S. Filipovic CARCASS AND BREAST MEAT QUALITY OF BROILERS FEED WITH EXTRUDED CORN (Serbia).............................................................. 1697 N. Bozakova, V. Gerzilov, S. Popova-Ralcheva, V. Sredkova WELFARE ASSESSMENT OF THREE CHICKEN BREEDS (Gallus gallus domesticus) UNDER DIFFERENT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS (Bulgaria)......................................................................................................... 1705 D. Beuković, D. Ljubojević, M. Beuković, D. Glamočić, S. Bjedov, V. Stanaćev EFFECT OF ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS AND EXTRUSION AT THE LEVEL OF CHOLESTEROL, TRIGLYCERIDES, TOTAL PROTEIN AND TESTOSTERONE IN SERUM OF BROILER CHICKENS (Serbia)...................................................................................... 1715 H.A.W. Lengkey, B. Bagau, L. Adriani, M. Ludong THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LEVEL OF SKIPJACK TUNA BONE MEAL (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) IN RATION ON BROILER CARCASS TENDERNESS AND ABDOMINAL FAT (Indonesia)............................... 1727 D. B. Ljubojević, N. Milošević, S. Bjedov, V. Stanaćev THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF EXTRUDED CORN IN NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKENS (Serbia).................................................................... 1733

B. Miljković, M. Velhner, V. Miličević, B. Plavšić, Z. Pavlovski CHALLENGE FOR THE REVITALIZATION OF TRADITIONAL PRODUCTION: CONTROL OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BELGRADE DISTRICT (Serbia).................................................................. 1741 L. Adriani, N. Mayasari, Angga, R. Kartasudjana THE EFFECT OF FEEDING FERMENTED KOMBUCHA TEA ON HDL, LDL AND TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE DUCK BLOODS (Indonesia).................................................................................... 1749 B. Andjelković, G. Jevtić, M. Mladenović, M. Petrović, T. Vasić INFLUENCE OF SPRING FEED ON THE STRENGTH OF HONEY BEE COLONIES DURING SPRING DEVELOPMENT (Serbia)............... 1757 G. Jevtić, B. Andjelković, Z. Lugić, D. Djokić, M. Mladenović, N. Nedić CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGIC AND PRODUCTION TRAITS OF HONEY BEE COLONIES FROM SERBIA (Serbia)............................. 1761 N. Dugalić-Vrndić, J. Kečkeš, M. Mladenović THE AUTHENCITY OF HONEY IN RELATION TO QUALITY PARAMETERS (Serbia)................................................................................ 1771 V. Vidović, D. Lukač, Lj. Štrbac, M. Stupar GENETIC TRENDS USING DIFFERENT CRITERIA OF SELECTION ON SPECIALIZED BREEDS IN PIGS (Serbia)........................................... 1779 V. Vidović, S. Trivunovičć, Lj. Štrbac, D. Lukač, M. Stupar SELECTION EFFICIENCY ON BONES AND MEAT YEALD IN PIGS (Serbia)........................................................................................................... 1787 V. M. Tomović, Lj.S. Petrović, M.R. Jokanović, Ž.S. Kevrešan, N.R. Džinić, T.A. Tasić, P.M. Ikonić NICKEL LEVELS OF LIVER FROM TEN DIFFERENT PIG GENETIC LINES PRODUCED IN VOJVODINA (Serbia)........................................... 1793 M. Vukša, S. Đedović, G. Jokić, B. Stojnić PALATABILITY AND EFFICACY OF RB SOFT BAG FORMULATED BAITS IN CONTROLLING HOUSE MOUSE AND NORWAY RAT IN ANIMAL FOOD BLENDER FACILITIES AND PIG FARM (Serbia)....... 1801 M. Maslovarić, R. Jovanović, S. Janković, J. Lević, N. Tolimir APPLICATION OF NIR TECHNOLOGY IN THE ANIMAL FOOD INDUSTRY (Serbia)...................................................................................... 1811

Z. Popović, N. Đorđević, M. Beuković, D. Beuković, M. Đorđević PRODUCTION RESULTS OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PHEASANTS REARED UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS (Serbia)........................................................................................................... 1819 D. M. Ogah IN VIVO PREDICTION OF LIVE WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS USING BODY MEASUREMENTS IN INDIGENOUS GUINEA FOWL (Nigeria)......................................................................................................... 1827 G. Gerchev, А. Mileva, N. Naydenova, I Yankov, G. Mihaylova FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MILK FROM TETEVEN NATIV SHEEP IN MOUNTAIN REGION (Bulgaria).............................................. 1837 Ts. Hristova, S. Stoycheva, Ts. Maslev, Y. Aleksiev, I. Ralchev THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIME OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PMSG ON SOME OF THE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN SHEEP WITH SYNCHRONIZED OESTRUS (Bulgaria)......................................... 1845 M. Surma-Zadora, K. Topolska, E. Cieślik, K. Sieja THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FAT CONTENT IN SELECTED ANIMAL ORIGIN PRODUCTS (Poland) .................................................................... 1851 M. Surma-Zadora, A. Sadowska-Rociek, E. Cieślik, M. Walczycka, K. Sieja, I. Wałkowska THE CONTENT OF NUTRIENTS, PRESERVATIVES AND CONTAMINANTS IN SELECTED ANIMAL - ORIGIN PRODUCTS FROM DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS (Poland) .................................. 1853 E. Cieślik, I. Cieślik, J. M. Molina-Ruiz, I. Walkowska, W. Migdal THE CONTENT OF FAT AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION IN CHICKEN LIVER (Poland)........................................................................... 1855 E. Cieślik, I. Walkowska, J. M. Molina-Ruiz, I. Cieślik, W. Migdal COMPARISON OF CONTENT OF SELECTED MINERALS AND CADMIUM IN CHICKEN AND GOOSE LIVER (Poland).......................... 1857

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27 (4), p 1727-1731 , 2011 Publisher: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun

ISSN 1450-9156 UDC 636.087.6 DOI: 10.2298/BAH1104727L

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LEVEL OF SKIPJACK TUNA BONE MEAL (Katsuwonus pelamis L) IN RATION ON BROILER CARCASS TENDERNESS AND ABDOMINAL FAT H. A. W. Lengkey1, B. Bagau2, L. Adriani1, M. Ludong2 1

Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia Corresponding author: [email protected] Original scientific paper

2

Abstract: Hundred day old chicks Arbor Acres CP-707 were used randomizedly in this experiment, to study the effects of various levels skipjack tuna bone meal in ration on broiler carcass tenderness and abdominal fat, and were studied for six weeks. Research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The dietary treatments are: R0 basal diet as control, R1 basal diet + 2% tuna bone meal, R2 basal diet + 4% tuna bone meal and R3 basal diet + 6% tuna bone meal, and each treatments were repeated five times. Results indicated that the highest carcass tenderness was get from the broiler that fed basal diet with 6% tuna bone meal (125,4 mm/g/10sec) and the lowest was get from the broiler that fed basal diet (107 mm/g/10sec). For the abdominal fat, the results is broiler that adding skipjack tuna bone meal in the ration will give more abdominal fat to the broiler (1.89% - 1.92%) versus 1.85% for basal diet. Key words: skipjack tuna bone meal, broiler carcass tenderness and abdominal fat

Introduction In formulating diets, it is essential to know the birds nutrient needs, and consequently the concentration of these nutrients in the various ingredients. Diets are composed of complex organic and inorganic molecules that must be reduced in size to enable absorption (Leeson and Summers, 2001). According to Arbo Acres (2009) poor physical feed quality will have a negative impact on broiler performance. The problems with feeding broilers today is not the knowledge of optimum nutrient to use for maximum gains and feed efficiency but how to align the growth of broilers to minimize mortality and skeletal disorders to produce more saleable meat after processing. According to Lengkey et al. (2011), even there are

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H.A.W. Lengkey et al.

indicated that skipjack tuna gill meal in ration has no significantly effect on broiler carcass, but it can replace the function of fish meal in the ration. Tenderness is the process of partial relaxation of the fibres. Resolution of rigor is due to enzymatis activity and physical stretching of the muscles fibres attached to bones. Tenderness is measured by use of specialized laboratory equipment or by a taste-panel (Bell and Weaver, 2002). Contrary to popular belief, what the animal is fed does not directly influence tenderness. Many factor influence meat tenderness. The most important factors are genetics, age of the animal, location of the cut on the carcass, processing, method of cooking and degree of doneness (Epley, 2011). According to Widjastuti et al. (2011), until 6% tuna fish silage in the diet, have no significant effects, but the 4% tuna fish silage, has the best results on final body weight, carcass persentage and meat protein conversion on broiler. But, the cholesterol contents of the carcass and liver were significantly lower in Lactobacillus cultures fed broilers, but not the muscle. Supplementation of Lactobacillus culture in the broiler diets, significantly lower in fat contents of the liver, muscle and carcass (Kalavathy et al., 2006). Abdominal fat of commercial broilers age of seven weeks, according to Richardson and Mead (2006), in some strain are between 2.75% to 3.15% and for male (2.67%) and female (3.27%). Most poultry rations incorporate some fish meal at levels of about 2-5% of the ration; and according to Lengkey, et al (2011), for mash ration supplemented with skipjack tuna gill meal (1.89%) and crumble ration supplemented with skipjack tuna gill meal (2.08%).

Materials and Methods One hundred day old chicks Arbor Acres CP-707 were assigned randomly and studied for six weeks. Research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The dietary treatments are: R0 basal diet as control, R1 basal diet + 2% tuna bone meal, R2 basal diet + 4% tuna bone meal and R3 basal diet + 6% tuna bone meal, and each treatments were repeated five times. The broiler carcass tenderness was established by meat tenderness instruments.

Results and Discussions The effect of Skipjack tuna bone meal on broiler carcass tenderness. In Table 1, there are the results from this research of skipjack tuna bone meal in ration, to the broiler carcass tenderness. The highest carcass tenderness was get from the broiler that fed basal diet with 6% tuna bone meal (125,4 mm/g/10sec) and the lowest was get from the broiler that fed basal diet (107 mm/g/10sec).

The effect of various level of ...

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Table 1. The effect of skipjack tuna bone meal in ration on broiler carcass tenderness (mm/g/10 sec) Replication R-0 I 105 II 107 III 106 IV 112 V 105 Average 107b Notes :R0 basal diet as control, R1 basal diet + 2% tuna bone meal, R2 basal diet + 4% tuna bone meal and R3 basal diet + 6% tuna bone meal

R-1 114 119 118 107 115 114,6ab

R-2 126 106 105 134 134 121ab

R-3 137 115 121 131 123 125,4a

From Table 1, adding skipjack tuna bone meal has effect to the broiler carcass tenderness. And the tenderness will rise when the skipjack tuna bone meal level percentage more higher. In R1 (basal diet + 2% skipjack tuna bone meal), the tenderness are 114,6 mm/g/10sec, will rise when the level of skipjack bone meal are 4% (R2 = 121 mm/g/10sec); and in R3 (basal diet + 6% skipjack tuna bone meal) the tenderness is 125,4 mm/g/10sec; compared to the basal diet (107 mm/g/10sec). The effect of Skipjack tuna bone meal on broiler fat abdominal. In Table 2, there are the results of the effect of skipjack tuna bone meal in ration, on broiler abdominal fat. Table 2. The effect of skipjack tuna bone meal in ration on broiler abdominal fat (%) Replication R-0 I 1.80 II 1.83 III 1.85 IV 1.86 V 1.91 Average 1.85c Notes :R0 basal diet as control, R1 basal diet + 2% tuna bone meal, R2 basal diet + 4% tuna bone meal and R3 basal diet + 6% tuna bone meal

R-1 1.87 1.89 1.87 1.88 1.88 1.89b

R-2 1.89 1.90 1.87 1.92 1.92 1.90ab

R-3 1.94 1.92 1.95 1.89 1.90 1.92a

From Table 2, the average of abdominal fat are between 1.85% to 1.92%. The highest abdominal fat is from R3 (1.92) that using 6% skipjack tuna bone meal and the lowest is from R0 (1.85) the basal diet without skipjack tuna bone meal. It means that adding skipjack tuna bone meal in the ration will give more abdominal fat to the broiler. But this results are under the results of Lengkey et al. (2011) supplemented with skipjack tuna gill meal for crumble ration (2.08%) and Richardson and Mead (2006), between 2.75 and 3.15%. It means that adding

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skipjack tuna bone meal, is better when used in the ration, because the abdominal fat is lower than using other supplement in the ration.

Conclusion Results indicated that the highest carcass tenderness was get from the broiler that fed basal diet with 6% tuna bone meal (125,4 mm/g/10 sec) and the lowest was get from the broiler that fed basal diet (107 mm/g/10sec). For the abdominal fat, the result is broiler that adding skipjack tuna bone meal in the ration will give more abdominal fat to the broiler (1.89 - 1.92%) versus 1.85% for basal diet.

Uticaj različitih nivoa brašna od prugaste tune (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) u obroku na mekoću trupa brojlera i abdominalnu mast H. A. W. Lengkey, B. Bagau, L. Adriani, M. Ludong

Rezime Pilići Arbor Acres CP-707 starosti sto dana su korišćeni u ovom ogledu, kako bi se ispitali uticaji različitih nivoa brašna od prugaste tune u obroku na mekoću trupa brojlera i abdominalnu mast, u istraživanju koje je trajalo 6 nedelja. Istraživanje je izvedeno korišćenjem - Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Hranidbeni tretmani su bili sledeći: R0 bazalni obrok kao kontrola, R1 bazalni obrok + 2% koštanog brašna od tune, R2 bazalni obrok + 4% koštanog brašna od tune i R3 bazalni obrok + 6% koštanog brašna od tune, i svaki tretman je ponovljen pet puta. Rezultati ukazuju da je najveća mekoća trupova dobijena kod brojlera koji su hranjeni bazalnim obrokom sa 6% koštanog brašna od tune (125,4 mm/g/10sec) a najniža kod brojlera hranjenih bazalnim obrokom (107 mm/g/10sec). Za abdominalnu mast, dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da dodavanje koštanog brašna prugaste tune u obrok će rezultirati u povećanju abdominalne masti kod brojlera (1,89% - 1,92%) prema 1,85% kod bazalnog obroka.

References ARBOR ACRES (2009): Arbor Acres Broiler Management Guide. 19-20. BELL D.D., WILLIAM D.W.Jr. (2002): Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production. 5th ed. Kluiver Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, 934.

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EPLEY R.J. (2011): Meat Tenderness. Regent of The University of Minnesota. KALAVATHY R., NORHANI A., SYRD J., MICHAEL C.V.L., WONG, YIN W.H. (2006): Effects of Lactobacillus feed supplementation on cholesterol, fat content and fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle and carcass of broiler chickens. Animal Research, 55, 77-82. LEESON S., SUMMERS J.D. (2001): Nutrition of the Chicken, 4th ed. University Books, Canada, 1. LENGKEY H.A.W., TUTI W., MAYA L. (2011): Various levels effect of Skipjack tuna gill meal (Katsowunus pelamis L) in ration on broiler carcass and abdominal fat. Lucrari Stiintifice Seria Zootehnie, 55, Editura Ion Ionescu de La Brad, Iasi, Romania, 237-239. RICHARDSON R.I., MEAD G.C. (2006): Poultry Meat Science. CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, UK, 183. TUTI W., LENGKEY H.A.W., WIRADIMADJA R., HERIANTI. D. (2011): Utilizing Waste Product of Tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) Fish Silages and Its Implementation on The Meat Protein Conversion of Broiler. Lucrari Stiintifice Seria Zootehnie, 55, Editura Ion Ionescu de La Brad, Iasi, Romania, 163-167. Received 30 June 2011; accepted for publication 15 August 2011