Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA) Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy
Battery Storage for residential PV Systems: Grid relieving effects Speicher für die Energiewende 28.01.2016
Kai-Philipp Kairies, Dirk Magnor, Dirk Uwe Sauer
[email protected]
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2015: More PV Battery Systems than electric cars in Germany
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■ 12.363 new electric vehicles registered in Germany
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■ ~ 20.000 installations of PV Battery Systems
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Motivation: Potentials of PV Battery Systems ■ Increase self-consumption □ Make solar energy available for usage in the evening and at night □ Lower electricity bill
■ Relieve low voltage grids □ Take up peak energy production at noon □ Improve grid compatibility
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Maximizing self-consumption ■ PV without Battery □ Local use of PV energy only at simultaneous load demand
■ Maximizing self-consumption □ Most economic strategy according to today’s laws □ Excess energy is stored as early as possible □ Battery often fully charged before noon + Owner of PV-storage-system - Distribution grid
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Peak shaving using forecast algorithms (1) ■ PV without Battery □ Local use of PV energy only at simultaneous load demand
■ Perfect forecast □ Highest possible grid relief □ Forecast algorithms calculate residual power and remaining battery capacity □ Energy is stored if the residual power exceeds the calculated limit + Owner of PV-storage-system + Distribution grid 28.01.2016
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Peak shaving using forecast algorithms (2) ■ PV without Battery □ Local use of PV energy only at simultaneous load demand
■ Persistence forecast □ Load demand predicted to be the same as the week before □ PV power generation predicted to be the same as the day before □ Adaptive algorithm adjusts to weather situation ± Owner of PV-storage-system ± Distribution grid 28.01.2016
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High resolution monitoring of PV Battery Systems ■ Equipment of 20 PV Battery Systems with high-precision measuring instruments ■ Measuring of all important values at every second:
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□ Three-phase currents and voltages of the household and the PV Battery System, □ Irradiation and temperature of PV modules □ Battery temperature □ power line frequency and harmonics
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Field installation of measuring systems
© ISEA / RWTH Aachen 2015
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Field installation of measuring systems
© ISEA / RWTH Aachen 2015
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Components of the measuring system
■ AC-current transformer………………………….. (50 A rated current) ■ AC-Analyzer………………………………………. (4 Inputs, Power- and Energy are continuously calculated, PT100 temperature measurements) ■ DC-Analyzer………..………………………………. (0…1.200 V, shunt measurement of currents) ■ Datalogger …………………………………..……. (64 values, 1s resolution) © ISEA / RWTH Aachen 2015
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Installations: Current status (12 / 20) ID
PPV
Topology
DC
EJahr System 3918 kWh E3DC S10
PBatt_max 3,0 kW
1
9,90 kWp
2
9,56 kWp
AC
6000 kWh Senec Home
2,5 kW
3
10,0 kWp
AC
5932 kWh Sonnenbatterie eco 9.0 3,0 kW
4
6,50 kWp
AC
8007 kWh Senec Home G2+
2,5 kW
5
9,80 kWp
DC
6670 kWh E3DC S10
3,0 kW
6
9,80 kWp
AC
3500 kWh Senec Home G2+
2,5 kW
7
5,25 kWp
DC
1800 kWh SMA SB SE 5000
1,5 kW
8
6,24 kWp
DC
6000 kWh SMA SB SE 5000
1,5 kW
9
9,94 kWp
AC
7000 kWh Sonnenbatterie eco 9.0 3,0 KW
10 9,94 kWp
AC
5200 kWh Sonnenbatterie eco 8.0 3,3 kW
11
6,24 kWp
DC
3000 kWh E3DC S10 Mini
1,5 kW
12 7,80 kWp
DC
8761 kWh E3DC S10
3,0 kW
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Netzverhalten eine Blei-Speichersystems mit 8kWh nutzbarer Kapazität (5min-Mittelwerte)
75% PPV Power [kW]
58% PPV
Time [h] 28.01.2016
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Residualleistung eines Haushaltes mit PVSpeichersystem: 9,94 kWp (Jul. – Sep. 2015)
Grid Feed-in
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Purchase
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Residualleistung eines Haushaltes mit PVSpeichersystem: 9,94 kWp (Jul. – Sep. 2015)
60% PPV
Reduction of max. electricity purchase Reduction of max. grid feed-in
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Autarkiegrad eines 2-Personen Haushaltes (6,5 kWp, 8.000 kWh/a, 8 kWh Speicher)
Degree of autarky Autarkiegrad [%] [%]
100
80
73.1 % 60
49.1 % 40
20 Mit Speicher Ohne Speicher 0 01.07
06.07
11.07
16.07
21.07
26.07
31.07
Time [d] 28.01.2016
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Summary ■ Decentralized PV Battery Systems can relieve the low-voltage grids □ Prevent curtailment (no energy losses) □ Private investment
■ Pooling of small storage systems will be a major topic of the next 3-5 year □ Primary / Secondary reserve □ Aggregation von Speicherkapazitäten
■ Publication of scientific results: www.speichermonitoring.de
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