AOU Check-listSupplement The Auk 112(3):819-830, 1995

FORTIETH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

This sixth supplement after the publication of the sixth edition (1983) of the AOU Check-

it affectsthe statusof a specieson the list is included.The 25 additionsto the list bring the

list of North AmericanBirdsincludes changes number of speciesrecognizedas occurring adoptedby the Committeeon Classificationand within the Check-listarea (main list) to 1,993. Nomenclature between 1 March 1993 and 15 Literature that provides the basis for the Committee's decisions is cited at the end of the March 1995. Changesto the sixth edition fall into six categories:(1) 6 speciesare added to the Supplement.Literature that is necessarilyinmain list because of new distributional inforcluded in the revised speciesaccountsis cited mation,including one transferredfrom Appen- in full within the account, in accord with the dix A and three from Appendix B (Anserery- format of the sixth edition. thropus,Aerodramus vanikorensis = CollocaliabartThe following changesto the sixth edition schi, Machetornis rixosus, Motacilla citreola, Em(page numbers refer thereto) result from the berizaleucocephalos, and Carduelisspinus);(2) 19 Committee's actions: speciesare addedto the main list becauseof the p. 17. Replacethe entry for Pterodroma mollis, splitting of speciespreviouslyon the list (Leptotilawellsi,Caprimulgus badius,Nyctibiusjamai- insertedin 35th Supplement(AOU 1985),with: censis,Anthracothoraxveraguensis, Chlorostilbon [Pterodroma feae (Salvadori). CA•'EVERDEISLm•DS auriceps,Chlorostilbon forficatus,ColapreschryPETREL.] SeeAppendixB.p. 27.Changethe English soides,Contopus pallidus,Contopushispaniolensis, name of Hydrobates pelagicus from BRItiSHSTORMAphelocoma californica, Aphlecoma insularis,CaPETR• to EUROPEAN STORM-PETREL, following the tharusbicknelILSaltatorstriatipectus, PipilomacuBOU (1992). latus, Ammodramus nelsoni,Icterus bullockii,Icterus

The Great Egretis moved from the genusCasmer-

abeillei,Hemignathus kauaiensis, and Hemignathus odiusto the genusArdea,where it will be Ardeaalba, chloris); (3) 3 speciesare changedby being split retaining its position following A. cocoi.This action

from an extralimitalform (Pterodroma feae,Col-

localiabartschii, and Piculuscallopterus); (4) 5 scientific namesare changedbecauseof generic reallocation(Ardeaalba,Meleagrisocellata,Collocaliabartschii,Prognetapera,and Saltatorgrossus);(5) a correctedspellingis providedfor one specificname (Pluvialisdominicus); and (6) 13 Englishnamesare changed,10 of them to conform to the English names used in the sixth

edition of the Checklistof Birdsof Britainand

is basedon studiesby Payneand Risley (1967) of skeletalcharacters, andby Sheldon(1987)andSibley and Ahlquist(1990)of DNA-DNA hybridization.

p. 45. Insert the citation for Casmerodius from p. 47 as a synonymafter the citation of Ardea, and add "(=Ardea albaLinnaeus)."

p. 47. Delete the heading of the genusCasmerodius and the note following the citation. 1992)for primarilyOld Worldspecies thatoccur Replacethe heading for Casmerodius albuswith: only accidentallyor casuallyin North America. Ardea alba Linnaeus. GREATEGRET. [196.] Note that onespecies,formerlyAerodramus vanikorensis now recognizedasCollocalia bartschii, is affectedby genericreallocation,a split from an p. 65. Reinstatethe accountof Ansererythroextralimital species,moving from Appendix B pus,moved to Appendix B in the 39th Suppleto the main list, and a changein the English ment (AOU 1993), with new information on name. No distributional information exceptas distribution. Ireland (British Ornithologists' Union [BOU]

819

820

Fortieth Supplement

[Auk,Vol. 112

Anser erythropus (Linnaeus).LESSER WHITE-FRONTED dibundus from COMMON BLACK-HEADED GULL to GOOSE.[171.3.]

Anaserythropus Linnaeus,1758,Syst.Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 123.(in Europaseptentrionali= northern Sweden.)

Habitat & Distribution.--Breeds in taiga from Scandinavia to eastern Siberia, and winters on marsh-

es, lakes and pondsfrom Europeand the Mediterraneanregion eastto India and easternChina. Accidental in Alaska (Attu Island, 5 June 1994, found

byS.C. Heinl, collected by D. D. Gibson,Univ. Alaska Mus. #6518). Earlier North American records from British Columbia, North Dakota, Ohio, western Penn-

sylvaniaandDelawaremayinvolveescapes fromcaptivity rather than natural vagrancy.

BLACK-HEADED GULL,following the BOU (1992). p. 261-262. Leptotilawellsiis distinctivein vo-

calizations, plumageandsoftpart colors(Blocksteinand Hardy 1989),and is separatedfrom L. rufaxilla.Changeaccountof rufaxillaby removing mentionof wellsigroup.After accountfor Leptotilarufaxillainsert: Leptotila wellsi (Lawrence).GRENADA DOVE.[1108.3.] EngyptilawellsiLawrence,1884, Auk, 1, p. 180. (Fontenoy,St. Georges,Grenada). Habitat.--Xeric

woodland.

Distribution.--Resident on southwestpeninsula of

p. 102.Changethe Englishnameof Elanoides Grenada,where survivingin smallnumbers;formerly more widely distributedon Grenadaand on offforficatus to SW^LLOW-TAILED KITE.The modifier shoreislands(Glover's,Green).Not definitely known "American" is no longer needed becausethe from Tobagoor St.Vincentalthoughsometimeslisted African speciescalled by the samename in earlier literature is now usually called SCIS-

for those islands.

Notes.--Formerlyincludedwith L. rufaxilla.

SOR-TAILED KITE.

p. 313. Split Caprimulgus salviniinto C. salvini Although both speciesare closely p. 127.Changethe Englishnameof Falcosub- and C. badius. buteofrom NORTHERNHOBBYto EURASIANHOBBY,

related to the South American C. sericocaudatus,

and were consideredconspecificwith that form following the BOU (1992). by Peters(1940),the three have distinctivevop. 141. Osteologicalstudies by Steadman calizations(Hardy and Straneck1989). (1980) have shown that the genus Agriocharis Caprimulgussalvini Harteft. TAWNY-COLLARED NIshould not be separated from Meleagris,but aI-rrlAR.[1212.] should be treated as a junior synonym. Move Caprimulgus salviniHartert,1892,Ibis,6(4),p. 287. the citation for the Genus Agriocharis Chapman New name for Antrostomus macromystax Baird, to follow the citation for MeleagrisLinnaeus. Brewerand Ridgway, 1874,Hist. N. Am. Birds, Delete "Notes" under both genericnamesand 2, p. 409, preoccupied.(Mirador, Vera Cruz.)

the heading "Genus Agriocharis Chapman." Changethe headingfor A. ocellatato: MeleagrisocellataCuvier.OCELLATED TURKEY. [1063.].

Habitat.--Open arid to semi-aridwoodlandin lowlands (Tropical Zone). Distribution.--[as in salvinigroup in 6th edition]. Notes.--C. salvinihas been consideredconspecific

p. 166.Changethe Englishnameof Pluvialis with the South American C. sericocaudatus(Cassin, apricariafrom GREATER GOLDEN-PLOvER to EU- 1849)[SILKY-TAILED NIGHTJAR]. Seenotesunder C. badROPEAN GOLDEN-PLOvER, following the BOU ius. (1992).

Caprimulgusbadius(Bangsand Peck).YUCATAN NIGHWIAR. [1212.1.]

p. 166.Changethe specificnameof Pluvialis dominica to dominicus. The original "Dominicus" is a noun in appositionrather than an adjective,

and the endingshouldnot havebeenchanged to agreein genderwith the genericname.

Antrostomus badiusBangsand Peck, 1908, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington,21, p. 44. (ToledoDistrict, British Honduras = Belize.)

Habitat.--Open woodlandand scrubin lowlands (Tropical Zone). Distribution.--[as in badius group in 6th edition].

p. 194.Changethe Englishname of Calidris Notes.--Formerlyconsideredconspecificwith C. ruficollisfrom RUFOUS-NECKED STINTto RED- salvini,and with the South American C. sericocaudataus NECKED ST•NT,following the BOU (1992). (Cassin,1849) [SIL•CY-•CAILED NIGHTJAR]. The three are apparentlycloselyrelatedbut have distinctivevo-

p. 214.Changethe Englishnameof Larusri-

calizations.

July1995]

Fortieth Supplement

821

designation,Collocaliainnominata Hume = Hip. 316. Nyctibiusgriseusis split into N. griseus rundofuciphagaThunberg. and N. jamaicensis, on the basisof differencesin vocalizations(Davis 1978, Hardy et al. 1988, Collocalia bartschi Mearns. Gv•'• Swn•r•Et.[9308.1.]

Stiles and Skutch 1989).

Collocalia bartschi Mearns, 1909, Proc. U.S.

Nyctibius griseus(Gmelin). COMMONPOTOO.[1218.] Caprimulgus griseusGmelin, 1789,Syst,Nat., 1(2), p. 1029.(in Cayenna = Cayenne.)

Nat.

Mus., 36, p. 476. (Guam.)

Habitat.--Steep valleyson tropicalislands,nesting in caves or behind

waterfalls.

Distribution.--Resident

on the island of Guam, at

Habitat.--Open woodland,forestedge,sometimes least formerly, and in the Northern Mariana Islands around human settlements(Tropical Zone). (Saipan,Tinian, Agiguan, formerly Rota).Introduced Distribution.--Resident from southwestern Costa (in 1962) and establishedin Hawaii (Halava Valley, Ricaand easternNicaragua(recordedalsoin northOahu, breeding in 1989). western Nicaragua) south through Panama, and in

South America from Colombia, Venezuela (also Trinidad) and the Guianas south, west of the Andes to western

Ecuador

and east of the Andes

to eastern

Peru, Bolivia,northern Argentinaand Uruguay. Notes.--Dramatic

differences in vocalizations, de-

spitea lack of abrupt morphologicalchange,indicate that specificstatusis warranted for this speciesand N. jamaicensis. Nyctibius jamaicensis (Gmelin). NORTHERNPotoo. [1218.1.]

Caprimulgus jamaicensis Gmelin, 1789,Syst.Nat., 1(2), p. 1029. (Jamaica).

Habitat. --Open woodland,sometimesnear human settlements(Subtropicaland Tropical zones). Distribution.--Resident in the Greater Antilles (Ja-

p. 331. Split Anthracothorax veraguensis from ß A. prevostii,following Olson's (1993) reassessment of color differences

and distribution.

In-

sert after A. viridigula: Anthracothorax veraguensis Reichenbach. VER^GV•,N M•NCaV.[1250.2.]

Anthracothorax veraguensis Reichenbach,1855, Trochil.Enum.,p. 9,pl. 794,fig.4848.(Veragua, designatedas David, Chiriqul, by Wetmore, 1968,Smiths.Misc. Coil. 150,pt. 2, p. 292.) Habitat.--Open terrain in pasturelandsand stream borders (Tropical Zone). Distribution.--Resident

in Panama, in the Pacific

lowlandsfrom Chiriqul throughsouthernVeraguas

maica,Hispaniola and Gon•ve Island, a sight report

to Herrera and southern Cocl•, and on the Caribbean

for Mona Island off Puerto Rico), and from southern Sinaloa, southern San Luis Potos• and southern Ta-

slopeon the Valiente Peninsulaof Bocasdel Toro and offshore islands (Tiger Rocks);two records for the

maulipassouth to central Costa Rica on the Pacific slopeand to easternHondurason the Caribbeanslope. Notes.--Formerly treatedasconspecificwith N. griseus;see note under that species.

Caribbean

side of the Canal

Zone.

Notes.--Formerly treatedasa subspecies of A. prevostii.

Anthracothoraxprevostii (Lesson).GREEN-nREAS•œD M•NCaV.[1250.]

p. 322. The genusAerodramus is merged into the genus Collocalia, where it is available as a subgenericname if desired. Browning (1993) has shown that the speciesin the AOU area is distinctand shouldbe known by the name Collocaliabartschi, and has presentedevidencethat the speciesis establishedwhere introduced in Hawaii. Therefore, the entries for [Genus Aerodramus Oberholser] and [Aerodramus

Trochilus prevostii Lesson,1832,Hist. Nat. Colibris, livr. 13, p. 87, pl. 24. (SouthAmerica,locality unknown; State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, suggestedby Cory (1918, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., pt. 2, p. 223).

Habitat.--Open situationswith scattered trees,edge of shrubbywoodlands,agriculturallands and mangroves,especiallyin coastalareas(Tropical Zone). Distribution.--As prevostiigroup, with the inser-

vanikorensis (Quoy and Gaimard). GRAY tion of "western Bocas del Toro, Panama," between CostaRicaand Venezuela,and iridescens group. SWIFT•,ET.] shouldbe replacedwith: GenusCollocaliaG. R. Gray CollocaliaG. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 8. Type,by original designation,Hirundoesculenta Linnaeus.

AerodramusOberholser, 1906, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia,58,pp. 179,182.Type,by original

Notes.--Remove clausediscussingstatusof A. veraguensis.

p. 335. Split Chlorostilbon canivetiiinto C. auriceps, C.forficatus, andC. canivetii, following (in part) Howell's (1993)analysisof differencesin morphologyand color.

822

FortiethSupplement

[Auk, Vol. 112

Chlorostilbon auriceps (Gould). GOLDEN-CROWNEDSchauensee,1966, SpeciesBds. S. Amer. and their EMERALD. [1264.1.] Dist., p. 168) under the comprehensivename C. mellisugus (Linnaeus,1758),BLUE-TAILED EMERALD. Trochilusauriceps Gould, 1852, Jardine'sContr. Orn., p. 137.(Mexico.)

Habitat.--Open situations, scrub, forest edge, plantations andgardens,mostfrequentlyin lowlands (Subtropicaland Tropical zones). Distribution.--Residenton the Pacificslopeof Mexico from Sinaloa to Oaxaca, and in the adjacent in-

p. 394. Piculuscallopterus is separatedfrom P. leucolaemus and P. simplex,the latter separated from the complexin the 39th Supplement(AOU 1993). P. callopterus differs from the others in color patterns of the head, throat, underparts and wing, and in size(Wetmore1968,Hilty and

terior alongthe Balsasdrainageto southernMorelos. Notes.--Formerly considereda subspeciesof C. Brown 1986)and vocalizations(Stilesand Skutch canivetii, but asdistinctfrom that form in colorpattern 1989, Ridgley and Gwynn 1989). Replacethe and morphologyas many taxaranked at the species account of P. leucolaemus,now extralimital, with: level in this genus. Piculus callopterus (Lawrence). STRIPE-CHEEKED ChlorostilbonforficatusRidgway.COZUMEL EMERALD. WOODPECKER. [1393.2.] [1264.2.]

Chlorostilbon forficatus Ridgway,1885,Descr.New SpeciesBirds,Cozumel Is., p. 3. (CozumelIs-

Chloronerpes callopterus Lawrence,1862,Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 7, p. 476. (Atlantic side, line of the PanamaRailroad= Caribbeanslope,

land, Yucatan.)

Canal Zone, Panama.)

Habitat.--Scrub and low deciduousforest(Tropical Zone).

Distribution.--Resident on CozumelIsland,rarely on Isla Mujeres,Quintana Roo, Mexico. Historical reportsfrom Isla Holbox are unreliable. Notes.--Formerly included in C. canivetii,but as distinct from that form in color pattern and morphologyas many taxa ranked at the specieslevel in this genus. Chlorostilbon canivetii (Lesson).CANIVET'SEMERALD. [1264.]

OrnismyacanivetiiLesson,1832, Hist. Nat. Coli-

bris, livr. 13, pp. 174, 177, pl. 37, 38. (Br•sil, error, = Jalapa,Veracruz.)

Habitat.--Tall, denseforest(TropicalZone). Distribution.--Resident on both slopesof Panama (on the Caribbean from Veraguaseastward,and on the Pacificfrom easternPanamfiprovinceeastward into Darien).

Notes.--Formerly merged, along with P. simplex, into P. leucolaemus,under the name RUFOUS-WINGED

WOODPECKER. Formerly known as PANAMAWOODPECKER.

p. 395.Removethe chrysoides group from Colaptesauratusand recognize it as a species.In-

terbreedingbetweenC.chrysoides andC. auratus

is extremelylimited, especiallycomparedto the massiveand apparentlyfree interbreedingbeHabitat.--Open situations, scrub, forest edge, tween the auratussubspecies-group(Yellowplantations andgardens,mostfrequentlyin lowlands shaftedFlicker) and the cafergroup (Red-shaft(Tropical Zone). Distribution.--Residentfrom southernTamaulipas and southern San Luis Potosi south on the Gulf-Ca-

ribbeanslopeof Mexico,includingthe YucatanPeninsula,to northern Guatemalaand Belize,and the Bay of Hogsislandsoff Honduras,and on the Pacificslope from southeasternChiapasand southernGuatemala

ed Flicker) acrossthe Great Plains. In Arizona,

auratusand chrysoides hybridize at a few sites, but these have remained

small and stable for

decades.Most populations are pure parental types,and the two forms are mostlyseparated

by barriersof unsuitablehabitat. Strong dis-

continuities exist between the two adjacent forms in size, color, habitat, and probably cliNicaragua. matic tolerances(Johnson1969).Koenig (1984) Notes.--This speciesformerly includedC. auriceps showedthat clutchsizesof chrysoides are markand C. forficatus; the complexwas known as FOPaC- edly smallerthan thoseof auratus,even among TAILED EMF. RALD. It presentlyincludesC. osberti Gould, adjacentpopulationsin Arizona and after con1860, and C. salvini Cabanis and Heine, 1860, which trolling for climate and latitude. Genetic isoHowell (Euphonia2:25-37, 1993)recommendscombiningasa species, C.salvini[SALVIN'S EIvmRALD 1264.3]. lation and important differencesin life-history The expandedC.canivetii sometimes (Eisenmann,1955, traits are implicated,which contrastswith apTrans.Linn. Soc.New York, 7, p. 47) includesC. as- parent uniformity of thesetraits acrossthe aucomplex. similis,and that complexalong with severalSouth ratus-cafer American forms have been merged (Meyer de Insert on p. 396 after accountof C. auratus: to northwestern Costa Rica, and in the interior from western Guatemala

and central Honduras

to western

Juiy1995]

Fortieth Supplement

Colapteschrysoides(Malherbe).GILDED FUCKER. [414.]

Geopicus (Colapres) chrysoi•les Malherbe,1852,Rev. et Mag. Zool., set. 2, 4, p. 553. (l'Am•rique; restrictedto Cape San Lucas,Baja California, by Anthony, 1895,Auk, 12, p. 347.) Habitat.--Stands of giant cactus(saguaro),Joshua tree and riparian grovesof cottonwoodsand tree willows in warm desert lowlands

823

p. 459-460.Machetornis rixosusis moved from Appendix A to the main list. Remove brackets from around generic heading. Replacespecies entry: Machetornis rixosus (Vieillot). [1557.1.1

CATTLETYRANt.

TyrannusrixosusVieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. •d., 35, p. 85. Basedon "Suiriri" Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. PAxParag.,2, p. 148 (no. 197). (Paraguay.)

and foothills.

Distribution.--[as in chrysoides group in 6th edition].

Notes.--Formerly merged with C. auratus.

Habitat & Distribution.--Brushy savanna, open

p. 449. Contopus caribaeus, the Greater Antil- fields, scrub and cultivated lands in northern and lean Pewee, is divided into C. canTJaeus, C. pal- eastern Colombia and northern Venezuela, and from lidus,and C. hispaniolensis, following recommen- easternBolivia, Paraguayand central Brazil south to dations of Reynard et al. (1993) based on dif- northern Argentina and Uruguay, the southernmost populationsmigratory northward in winter. ferencesin vocalizations,plumage, and meaAccidentalin Panama(nearCo16n,PanamA,16Aug.

surements.

Contopuscaribaeus(d'Orbigny).Cl.m•2,I PEws. [1548.] Muscipetacaribaead'Orbigny, 1839, in La Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, Ois., p. 92. (Cuba = Holguin, Oriente Prov., Cuba.)

Habitat.--Forest,forestedge,openwoodland,scrub, brushyareasand mangroves,from mountainsto arid

1991,D. Engleman, photosdepositedin VIREO; sight report,Cana,Darien, 18 lune 1981;Ridgley, R. S. and J.A. Gwynne, It., Guide to Bds.Panama,2nd ed., 1989, p. 306).

p. 488. Change the English name of Alauda arvensis from EURASIAhiSKYLARKto SKY LARK,

following BOU (1992).

lowlands. Distribution.--Resident

in the northern

Bahama Is-

lands (Grand Bahama, Abaco, New Providence,

p. 489, 492. The genusPhaeoprogne is merged into Progneas recommendedby Sheldon and

Eleutheraand Cat islands),and on Cuba (including caysoff the coastof both Cubaand the Isle of Pines).

Winklet (1993) on the basis of evidence from

Contopuspallidus (Gosse).JAMAICAN PEWEE. [1548.1.]

the "Notes" under the citation for the genus Progne.On p. 492, delete the heading,citation, and "Notes"for the genusPhaeoprogne. Change the entry (updatedby AOU 1985)for the species

MyiobiuspallidusGosse,1847, Birds Jamaica,p. 166. (Jamaica.)

Habitat.--Forest,forestedge,openwoodland,scrub, brushyareasand mangroves,from mountainsto arid lowlands.

Distribution.--Resident in Jamaica. Notes.--Formerly considered conspecificwith C. canl•aeus.

Contopushispaniolensis(Bryant).HISPANIOLAN PEWEE.[1548.2.]

Tyrannulacarriboea [sic]var. hispaniolensis Bryant, 1867,Proc.Bust.Soc.Nat. Hist., 11,p. 91. (Santo Domingo = mountains near Port-au-Prince, Republic of Haiti, Hispaniola, fide Deignan, 1961,U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 221, p. 283.)

DNA-DNA hybridization.On p. 489, remove

to:

Progne tapera (Linnaeus). BROwN-CHESTED MARTaq.[611.5.]

At the end of the accountfor that species,add: Notes.--Formerly placed in the monotypic genus Phaeoprogne.

p. 505. Aphelocoma californica and A. insularis

are separatedfrom A. coerulescens. Genetic (Peterson1992),morphological(Pitelka 1951),and behavioral (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1984) differencessupportrecognitionof at leastthree Habitat.--Forest,forestedge,openwoodland,scrub, speciesin this complex.We retain the familiar

brushy areasand mangroves,from mountains to arid lowlands.

Distribution.--Residenton Hispaniola (including GonAve Island). Accidental on Mona Island, off Puerto Rico.

Notes.--Formerly consideredconspecificwith C. caribaeus.

and informative group name "Scrub Jay," adoptedby the AOU nearly 50 yearsago, for speciesin this complex,with appropriate mod-

ifiers. Following standardAOU orthography (Parkes1978,AOU 1983),the group name must be hyphenatedto "Scrub-Jay."Treating the cal-

824

Announcement

ifornicaand woodhousei groups together, as we do pending studiesthat may result in further splitting in the complex,requiresa new modifier that does not preempt terms for smaller groups. Hence, our choice is "Western ScrubJay"for that complex.The name"Florida ScrubJay"has long been in useand hasappearedin a substantialbody of literature. "Island ScrubJay"is a shortform of the awkward"SantaCruz Island Scrub-Jay,"the alternative "Santa Cruz ScrubJay" being misleading. Aphelocomacoerulescens(Bosc).FLORIDA SCRUB-JAY.

p. 506. Changethe English name of Aphelocoma ultramarina from GRAY-BREASTED JAY to MEXICAN JAY. This is a return to the use of a

previously establishedname. p. 555. Split Catharusminimusinto C. minimus and C. bicknelli on the basis of differences

Catharus minimus (Lafresnaye). GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH.[757.]

TurdusminimusLafresnaye,1848,Rev. Zool. [Paris] 11(1), p. 5. (ad Bogotam,in Nova-Granada = Bogota,Colombia.)

Corvuscoerulescens Bosc, 1795, Bull. Sci. Soc. Phi-

lorn.Paris,1 (1791-1799),p. 87. (in Amer. Sep-

Habitat.--Oak scrubwith widely scatteredpines, especially where low-growing and periodically burned.

Distribution.--Residentlocally in central penin-

in

morphology,vocalizations,habitatpreferences, and migration patterns (Ouellet 1993, Evans 1994).Change the accountfor C. minimusto:

[479.]

tentrional. = Florida.)

[Auk,Vol.112

Habitat.--Coniferousforest(primarilyspruce)and tall shrubbyareasin taiga, in migration and winter also in deciduous forest, open woodland, second growth and scrub. Distribution.--Breeds

from

northeastern

Siberia

sular and Atlantic coastal Florida, now rare on Gulf

(Chukotski Peninsula and Anadyrland), northern

Coast; formerly more widespread throughout the peninsulanorth of the Everglades. Notes.--Formerly consideredconspecificwith A. californica and A. insularis.

Alaska, northern Yukon, northern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Quebec, northern Labrador

and Newfoundland south to southern Alaska (west

to the AlaskaPeninsulaand Kodiak Island, possibly alsoon St. LawrenceIsland in the BeringSea),north-

Aphelocoma insularis Henshaw. ISlaND SCRUB-JAY. western British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, [481.1.] northern Alberta (probably), northeasternSaskatch-

Aphelocoma insularis Henshaw,1886,Auk, 3, p. 452. (SantaCruz Island, California.) Habitat.--Open oak woodland and brushland. Distribution.--Resident

on Santa Cruz Island in the

ewan, northern Manitoba, extreme northern Ontario, southcentral Quebec, southern Labrador, Newfound-

land and St. Pierre et Miquelon. Winters in South America from Colombia, Vene-

zuela,Trinidad and Guyanasouthto easternPeru and

Channel Islands, California.

northwestern

Notes.--Formerly consideredconspecificwith A. californica and A. coerulescens.

(mostlyon the Caribbeanslope)to Panama(rare) and

Aphelocomacalifornica(Vigors).W•S•,N Sc•u•-J^Y. [481.]

GarruluscalifornicusVigors, 1839, Zool. Voy. "Blossom,"p. 21, pl. 5. (Monterey, California.)

Brazil, and north in Middle

Costa Rica (casual). Migrates[as in 6th edition]. Notes.--[as in 6th edition] but ADD...

America

and C. bick-

nelli.

p. 556. After the accountof C. minimus,insert:

Habitat.--Scrub (especiallyoak, pinyon and juni- Catharusbicknelli (Ridgway).BICKNELL'S THRUSH. [757.1.] per), brushland,chaparraland pine-oak associations; also gardens, orchards, riparian woodland, manHylocichla aliciae bicknelli Ridgway,1882,Proc.U.S. groves(southernBajaCalifornia), and tropical decidNat. Mus., 4, p. 377. (near the summit of Slide uousforest(southernMexico)(Subtropicaland TemMountain, Ulster County,New York.) perate zones, upper Tropical Zone in southern Mexico). Habitat.--Conifers includingthickstandsof stuntDistribution.--[as for californicaand woodhousei ed conifers, up to tree line; mixed deciduousstands; groups in 6th edition]. mixedsecond-growthstandswith youngconifersand Notes.--Formerly considered conspecificwith A. deciduousspeciesafter forest fires or clear cutting; coerulescens and A. insularis. The two groupsare con- 175 to 1,200m. In migration and winter in deciduous sideredby someauthorsto be distinct species,A. cal- forest,open woodland, secondgrowth and scrub. ifornica(Vigors,1839)[CALIFORNIA SCRUB-JAY, 481]and Distribution.--Breeds(including former range)in A. woodhousei (Baird, 1858) [WOODHOUSœ'S SCgUB-JAY, southernQuebec(Mount Sir Wilfrid, Mount M•gan480]. tic, Charlevoix County, lower Moisie River, Gasp•

July1995]

Announcement

Peninsula, Magdalen Islands), northcentral New Brunswick,Nova Scotia(Cape Breton,Seal and Mud islands), eastern New York (Catskill and Adirondack

mountains), western Massachusetts(Mount Greylock), central and northern Vermont, New Hampshire and central Maine.

Wintersin Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and St. Croix and probablyelsewherein the GreaterAntilles,

but winter distributionpoorly known. Migratesmainly througheasternNorth Americaeast of the Appalachiansfrom southernQuebecto Florida. Accidental in Great Britain, Bermuda and the Bahama Islands.

Notes.--C. bicknellihas long been treated as a subspeciesof C. minimus, but recentevidencesupportsits statusas a species(Ouellet, Wilson Bull. 105:545-572, 1993).Seecommentsunder C. fuscescens.

Accidental

825 on Nevis

in the Lesser Antilles.

Notes.--See note under S. striatipectus.

Saltator striatipectusLafresnaye.STREAKED $ALTATOR.[1852.1.]

Saltatorstriatipictus[sic] Lafresnaye, 1847, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 10, p. 73. (Call, Valle de Cauca, Colombia.)

Habitat.--Open woodland, shrubby areas,scrub, deciduous woodland,

thickets and cultivated

areas

(Tropical and lower Subtropicalzones). Distribution.--[as in striatipectus groupin 6th edition].

Notes.--The original spelling striatipictus is considered a lapsus(Paynter, 1970, Check-list Bds. World, 13, p. 236). Previouslyconsideredconspecificwith S. albicollis.

p. 576. Insert after Motacillafiava: Motacilla citreola Pallas. CITRINEWAGTAIL.[2830.] Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prob.

Russ.Reichs.,3, p. 696.(in Siberiaorientallore.) Habitat

& Distribution.--Breeds

in wet meadows

and marshes in central Eurasia from Russia to Siberia,

Mongolia and China, south to northern Afghanistan and through the Himalayasto the Tibetan plateau, and winters to Iran, southern Afghanistan, India, northern

Thailand

and Burma.

Accidentalin Mississippi(Starkville;T. L. Schiefer, 31 Jan.-1 Feb. 1992, photos depositedin VIREO).

p. 668. The genus Pitylusis merged into the genusSaltator,becauseof biochemicalevidence of relationship presented by Tamptin et at. (1993). The committee chose to retain the es-

tablished English group name "Grosbeak"for the speciesgrossus rather than changeit to "Sattator." Delete the heading and citation "Genus Pitylus Cuvier." Change the heading for the single included speciesto: Saltatorgrossus(Linnaeus).SLATE-COLORED GROSBEAK. [1856.]

p. 578. Change the English name of Anthus

p. 684. Split Pipiloerythrophthalmus into P. erythrophthalmus and P. maculatus. Thesetwo wideranging forms differ conspicuouslyin vocalizations,dorsalplumagepattern,and nature and p. 578. Change the English name of Anthus degree of sexual dimorphism. Along a narrow hodgsoni from OLIVETREE-PIPIT to OLIVE-BACKEDhybrid zone in the centralGreatPlains,56%of PIPIT,following the BOU (1992). individuals were of one or the other pure parental types (Sibley and West 1959). The perp. 667. Saltatorstriatipectus is separatedfrom centageof pure parents at 28 localities in the S. albicollison the basisof genetic data (Seutin hybrid zone averaged60%. Even in the short et al. 1993). Change account of S. albicollisand stretchof the Platte River where hybrids dominsert accountfor S. striatipectus after it, as fol- inated, 20% of individuals were pure parental trivialis from BROWNTREE-PIPITto TREEPIPIT, fol-

lowing the BOU (1992).

lows: Saltator

albicollis

Vieillot.

L•SSER ANTILLF•q

SAL-

TATOR.[1852.] Saltator albicollis Vieillot,

1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist.

Nat., nouv •d., 14, p. 107.(Cayenne,error = Martinique.)

Habitat.--Open woodland,shrubbyareas,scrub, deciduous woodland,

thickets and cultivated

areas

(Tropical and lower Subtropicalzones). Distribution.--Resident

in the

Lesser

Antilles

(Guadaloupe,Dominica, Martinique, and St. Lucia).

types. These data strongly suggestassortative mating. Moreover, Ball and Avise (1992) found no shared mitochondrial haplotypes between populations of maculatusand erythrophthalmus. The mean sequencedivergence between these two forms was much higher than that among conspecificpopulationsof other birds,and even exceededthat between several known species pairs. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus). EASTERN TOWHEE.[587.]

826

Fortieth Supplement

Fringillaerythrophthalmus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 180. Basedon the "Towheebird" Catesby,Nat. Hist. Carolina,1, p. 34, pl. 34. (in America = South Carolina.)

[Auk,Vol. 112

Ammodramus caudacutusvat. nelsoni Allen, 1875,

Proc.Bost.Soc.Nat. Hist., 17, p. 293. (Calumet marshes, Cook Co., n.e. Illinois.) Habitat.--Fresh

water

marshes

and wet meadows

Habitat.--Undergrowth of open woodland, forest edge,secondgrowth (TemperateZone). Distribution.--[as in erythrophthalmus group in 6th

in interior and brackishmarshesalong coast;in win-

edition].

lumbia, southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, cen-

Notes.--This and the next specieswere formerly consideredconspecific.

tral Saskatchewan

Pipilo maculatusSwainson.SPO•-r•vTOWHEE. [588.] Pipilomaculata Swainson,1827,Philos.Mag., new ser.,1, p. 434.(Realdel Monte, [Hidalgo],Mexico.)

Habitat.--Open woodland,chaparral,and riparian thickets(Subtropicaland Temperatezones).

ter in salt and brackish marshes. Distribution.--Breeds

from east-central

and central Manitoba

British

Co-

south to south-

central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, western and southeastern North Dakota, northeastern

South Dakota

and northwestern

Min-

nesota;aroundsouthwesternHudsonBayand James Bay in northern Manitoba and Ontario and northwesternQuebec;and in southeasternQuebec(along the lower St.LawrenceRiver,locallyalongthe southern shore and on islands, and on the north shore to

Pointe-aux-Outardes), and along the Atlantic coast from easternQuebec(including near Perc• and the groups]. Magdalen Islands),PrinceEdward Island and Nova Notes.--Formerly consideredconspecificwith P. Scotiasouthto southernMaine (Scarborough Marsh, erythrophthalmus. The SocorroIsland form has been PophamBeach). treated as a distinctspecies,P. socorroensis Grayson, Wintersin coastalmarshesalong the mid- to south 1867 [SocoRRoTOWHEEl.See also comments under P. Atlantic coastand the Gulf coast,rarely in coastal ocai. California and northwesternBajaCalifornia. Migratesthrough the interior United Statesand p. 709. Split Ammodramus caudacutus into A. along the Atlantic coast,but recordedonly casually caudacutus and A. nelsoni,following Greenlaw from Coloradoand the Great Plainseastto Michigan, (1993), who found that the two groupsof pop- westernPennsylvaniaand centralNew York,andvirulationsdiffer in song,morphologyand habitat, tually unrecordedin the westawayfrom coastalareas. with limited interbreeding at a secondaryconNotes.--Formerly consideredconspecificwith A. they form a superspecies. tact zone in southern Maine. Although Rising caudacutus; Distribution.--[as for the maculatusand socorroensis

and Avise (1993) suggestedretaining thesetwo taxa as subspeciesof caudacutus, they do not interbreedfreely and should be ranked at the specieslevel. Ammodramus caudacutus (Gmelin). SHARP-T•aLED SPinmow. [549.]

SALTMARSH

Orioluscaudacutus Gmelin, 1788,Syst.Nat., 1 (1), p. 394.Basedmainly on the "Sharp-tailedOriole" Latham,Gen. Synop.Birds,1, (2), p. 448. (in Novaboraco = New York.) Habitat.--Salt

marshes.

Distribution.--Breedsalong the Atlantic coastfrom southernMaine (Scarborough,PophamBeach)south to North Carolina (Pea Island).

Wintersin coastalmarshesfrom New York (casually from Massachusetts)south to central eastcoastof Flor-

ida, rarely on Gulf coast. Notes.--This and the next specieshave been considered conspecificbut differ in morphology,song and habitat,with overlapin a secondarycontactzone in southernMaine. They form a superspecies. Ammodramus

nelsoni

SPinmow.[549.1.]

Allen. NELSON'S SHARP-TAILED

p. 719. As the first speciesin the genusEmberiza, insert:

Emberizaleucocephalos Gmelin.PINEBUhrr•NG. [2883.] Emberizaleucocephalos S. G. Gmelin, 1771, Nov.

Comm.Acad.Imp. Sci. Petrop.,15, p. 480, pl. 23, fig. 3. (Astrakhan.) Habitat & Distribution.--Breeds in sparse coniferous forests in eastern Russia across the Ural Moun-

tainsand Siberiato the upperKolymaand the coastal rangesof the Pacificand northeasternTsinghai,and wintersin much of the breeding range and south to Iraq and southern Iran to northwesternIndia and centralChina;resident asa disjunctpopulationin Kansu and Tsinghaiprovinces,China. Accidental in Alaska (Attu Island, 18-19 Nov. 1985,

G. F. Wagner,photo in VIREO, Am. Birds44:10891091,1990;23 Sept.-10 Oct. 1993,D. D. Gibson,specimen, Univ. Alaska Mus. 6385, Am. Birds 48:142, 160, 1994). Notes.--Also

known as WHITE-CAPPED BUNTING. The

specificname is sometimeserroneouslyemended to leucocephala. Thisspecieshybridizesin easternSiberia with E. citrinella,with which it is sometimesmerged

July1995]

Fortieth Supplement

827

Habitat.--Open woodland,deciduousforestedge, riparian woodland,orchards,and planted shadetrees (TemperateZone), in migrationand winter in humid p. 720. Change the English name of Emberiza forest edge, secondgrowth and scrub. pallasifrom PALLAS' REED-BuNTINC to PALLAS' Distribution.--[as in galbulagroup in 6th edition]. Notes.--This specieshas been consideredconspeBUNTING,following the BOU (1992). cificwith L bullockii (with the EnglishnameNORTHERN ORIOLE)becauseof limited interbreeding in a few (Dement'ev and Gladkov, Birds Sov. Union, vol. 5, 1954).

p. 720. Change the English name of Emberiza

areas in the Great Plains.

schoeniculusfrom COMMON REED-BuNTING tO REED

Icterus bullockii (Swainson). BU•LOClC'S ORIOI_•.[508.]

BUNTING, following the BOU (1992). p. 737. Split Icterusgalbulainto I. galbula,I. bullockii,and I. abeillei,which revert to their for-

mer English names.The northern species,galbulaand bullockii,were merged becauseof hybridization in the GreatPlains(Sibleyand Short 1964).However, the hybrid zone apparently is stable, with little apparent introgression beyond its boundaries,and the occurrenceof pure parentaltypesversusfree interbreedingis temporally variableat severalsites(Corbin and Sibley 1977,Rising 1983).We prefer to treat these taxa as biological speciesbecausethe number of important differencesbetween them suggest that geneflow is restricted.They differ in: male, female and immature plumages;vocalizations (Rising 1970); thermoregulatory abilities (Rising 1969);allele frequencies(Corbin et al. 1979); number of molts and molt-migration schedule (Rohwer and Manning 1990); nest-siteplacement and dispersion(Rising 1970); and body size (Sibley and Short 1964, Rising 1973, 1983). We know

of no other case where

Xanthornus Bullockii Swainson,1827,Philos.Mag., new ser., 1, p. 436. ("Table land" [of Mexico]; restricted to Temasc•ltepecby van Rossem, 1945, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool. LouisianaState Univ. 21, p. 238.)

Habitat.--Open and fragmentedwoodlandof cottonwoods,willows, sycamoresand oaks, especially near fields,grassland,and savannahs. Distribution.--[as in bullockii groupin 6th edition]. Notes.--This and the next specieshave been combinedwith L galbulawith the EnglishnameNORTHERN ORIOLE. See also notes under

Icterus abeillei [1934.1.]

I. abeillei.

(Lesson). BLACIC-I•ACICI•D ORIOLI•.

XanthornusAbeilleiLesson,1839, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 2, p. 101. (Mexico.) Habitat.--Cottonwoods

and tree willows

where

clumpedat ranchesand springsor in riparian groves. Distribution.--[as in abeilleigroup in 6th edition]. Notes.--Long ago merged with L bullockiiand carried with bullockiiinto the merger with I galbula.Also known

as ABEILL•'S ORIOLE.

there are so

p. 750.Carduelis spinus is movedfrom Appenmany discrete,abrupt, concordantdifferences dix B to the main list. Replacethe entry with: between populations treated as one species.Icterusabeilleiwaslong agomergedwith I. bullockii Carduelisspinus(Linnaeus).EuR•sImqSISraN.[2940.] on the basisof hybridization in Durango reportedby Miller (1906).His descriptionof specimens from the small sample, however, indicatedthat interbreeding was not free and that individuals

were

near

I. bullockii. The

oriole

FringillaSpinusLinnaeus,1758,Syst.Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 181. (In Europaejuniperetis = Sweden.) Habitat

&

Distribution.--Breeds

in

coniferous

woods, birch and alder thickets, from the British Isles

population at that locality is intermittent (Rising 1973).Thesefactsplusthe strikingplumage differencesbetweentheseformsarguefor speciesstatus.On p. 737, changethe accountof I. galbulaasfollows and insert after it accountsfor

and ScandinaviadiscontinuouslyeastacrossEurasia to Siberia, and south to the mountains of Europe,

I. bullockii and I. abeillei:

Accidental in Alaska (Attu Island, Aleutians, 21-22 May 1993;specimen,Univ. Alaska Mus. 6354; also a sight report, 4 June 1978[Roberson,1980,Rare Birds W. Coast,p. 482]). The specieshas been recordedin southernOntario (Etobicoke),St. Pierre et Miquelon, Maine (Kittery), Massachusetts (New Bedford,Rockport), and New Jersey(Bloomfield)but the birdsmay

Icterusgalbula (Linnaeus).BALTIMORE ORIOLE [507.] Coracias GalbulaLinnaeus,1758,Syst.Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 108. Basedon "The Baltimore-Bird"Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina,1,p. 48,pl. 48. (in America = Virginia.)

northern Iran, Manchuria and Japan, wintering in much of the breeding range south to the Mediterra-

nean region, the Middle East,southernIran, southeasternChina and the Ryukyu Islands.

828

Fortieth Supplement

be escapeesfrom captivity. There are unconfirmed sight reports from Illinois, Newfoundland, Massachusetts,and New Jersey(McLaren et al., Am. Birds 43:1268-1274,1281, 1989). A report from Wisconsinis

basedon a misidentification(P. DeBenedictis, pets. comm.).Earlyattemptsat introductionin Oregonand Ohio

were unsuccessful.

p. 777.After Phoebetria palpebrata, changethe accountfor Pterodroma mollis,addedin 35thSupplement (AOU 1985), to: Pterodroma feae (Salvadori).CAPEVERDEISLANDS PETREL.[2004.2.]

Oestralatafeae Salvadori, 1899, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,40, p. 305. (San NicolasIsland, Cape

p. 759. Split Hemignathus virensinto H. virens, H. kauaiensis, and H. chloris. This is based on

genetic studies by Johnson et al. (1989) and studies of mitochondrial DNA by Tart and Fleischer(1993) that reveal geneticdistinctivenesswarranting specificrecognition. Hemignathusvirens (Gmelin).HAWAiiAMAmHI.[782.] CerthiavirensGmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 479. Basedon the "Olive-green Creeper" Latham, Gen. Synop.Birds,1 (2), p. 740. (in insulis Sandwich = Hawaii, restricted to Kona district,

Island of Hawaii by D. G. Medway, Pac. Sci. 35:105-175, 1981.) Habitat.--Humid

ohia forest, drier mamane-naio

forest and subalpine scrub, mostly at higher elevations but seasonallyto lowland forest. Distrlbution.--Resident

[Auk,Vol. 112

in the

Hawaiian

Islands

Verde Islands.)

This North Atlantic species,alongwith Pterodroma madeiraMathews, 1934, has recently been separated from P. mollis(Gould, 1844) (Bourne, 1983, Bull. Br.

Ornithol. Club 103:52-58).Reportsof birdsof the complex off North Carolinain 1981(Lee, 1984,Am. Birds, 38:158-159) were attributed to mollis (A.O.U., 1985,

Auk 102:681,684).More recentreportsoff North Carolina, including a bird photographedin 1991 (Am. Birds, 46, 1130, 1992; Chat, 1992, 56:52) and a bird

seenoff Georgiain 1984(Haney et al., 1993,Brimleyana 18:115-123) are consideredlikely to be of feae. Because feaeand madeiramay not be distinguishable in the field or in photographs,availableinformation is still insufficientfor inclusionof the speciesin Appendix A.

p. 779.Removethe entry for Ansererythropus,

which is returnedto the main list at p. 65. (Hawaii, Maul, Molokai, and formerly Lanai). Notes.--This and the following two specieshave been considered conspecific.They are sometimes p. 787. Removethe entry for Carduelis spinus, placed in Viridoniaor Loxops. which is moved to the main list at p. 750. Hemignathus chloris (Cabanis). OAHU AMAKIHI. [782.1.]

HimationechlorisCabanis,1851,Mus. Hein., 1, p.

803 so that canorusis 388.2 and saturatusis 388.1,

99. (Oahu.) Habitat.--Humid

montane

forest, often

with

a

mixtureof alienspecies, especiallyEucalyptus sp.,down to 1,000ft., formerly to sealevel. Distribution.--Resident

in the

Hawaiian

Islands

(Oahu). Notes.--See

notes under

H. virens.

HemignathuskauaiensisPratt.KAUAX AMAKIHI.[783.] Himationestejnegeri Wilson, 1890,Proc.Zool. Soc. London, 1889,p. 446. Hemignathus kauaiensis Pratt, 1989, Elepaio, 49, p. 14. New name for Himationestejnegeri Wilson, preoccupied. Habitat.--Humid

koa/ohia forest above 3,500 ft.,

formerly lower. Distribution.--Resident

in the Hawaiian

Islands

(Kauai). Notes.--See

p. 798 if. TransposeAOU number designations for Cuculuscanorus and C. saturatus on p.

notes under

H. virens.

p. 775. Removethe entry for Machetornis rixosus,which is moved to the main list at p. 459.

to correctan error. Other changesor corrections in the list of AOU

numbers

are as follows:

171.3

A. erythropus

196

Ardea alba

414 479 481

C. chrysoides Aphelocoma coerulescens A. californica

481.1

A. insulan's

507.

I. galbula

508.

I. bullockii

549.1

A. nelsoni

587

Pipiloerythrophthalmus

588

P. maculatus

611.5

P. tapera

757.1

C. bicknellii

782.

Hemignathus virens

782.1

H. chloris

783

H. kauaiensis

1063.

Meleagrisocellata

July1995]

Fortieth Supplement

1108.3

Leptotilawellsi

1212

Caprimulgus salvini

DAVIS,L.I. 1978. Acousticevidencefor relationship in potoos.Pan Am. Studies 1:4-21. DEIGNAN,H. G. 1961. Type specimensof birds in

1212.1

C. badius

1218 1218.1 1250 1250.2

Nyctibius griseus N. jamaicensis Anthracothorax prevostii A. veraguensis

1264

Chlorostilbon canivetii

1264.1

C. auriceps

1264.2 1393.2

C. forficatus Piculuscallopterus

1548 '1548.1 '1548.2

829

the United Natl.

States National

Museum.

Bull.

U.S.

Mus. 221.

EvANs,W.R. 1994. Nocturnal flight call of Bicknell's Thrush.

Wilson

Bull. 106:55-61.

GREEIq•W,J.S. 1993. Behavioraland morphological diversificationin Sharp-tailedSparrows(Ammodramuscaudacutus)of the Atlantic coast. Auk 110: 286-303.

HARDY, J. W., B. B. COFFEY,JR., AND G. B. REYNARD.

1988. Voices of New World nightbirds, owls, nightjars,& their allies, reviseded. ARA cassette

Contopus caribaeus C. pallidus C. hispaniolensis

6, Gainesville, Florida.

HARDY,J. W., AND R. STRANECK. 1989. The Silkytailed Nightjar and other Neotropicalcaprimulgids:Unraveling somemysteries.Condor91:193-

1557.1 1852

Machetornis rixosus Saltator albicollis

1852.1 1856

S. striatipectus S.grossus

1934.1

Icterus abeillei

2004.2

Pterodroma feae

2830

Motacilla

2883 2940

Emberiza leucocephalos Carduelis spinus

9308.1

Collocalia bartschi

197.

HILTY,S. L., ANDW. L. BROWN.1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton Univ. Press, Prince-

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citreola

37.

JOHNSON, N.K.

1969. Review: Three papers on vari-

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