ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN

A new species of the genus Coenosia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Sierra Nevada, Spain ADRIAN C. PONT 1 & FRANTIŠEK GREGOR 2 1. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK, and The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. e-mail: [email protected] 2. Loosova 14, CZ-63800 Brno, Czech Republic. Recibido: 31-08-2008. Aceptado: 6-10-08 ISSN: 0210-8984

ABSTRACT A new species of the genus Coenosia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Sierra Nevada, Spain A new species of hunter-fly, Coenosia doloresae n. sp., is described from several localities in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Spain. It is closely related to Coenosia means Meigen, 1826, and Coenosia ambigua Séguy, 1923, and the differences between these three species are shown through a key and by illustrations of the legs and male terminalia. Key words: Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosia doloresae n. sp., Spain, Sierra Nevada

RESUMEN Una nueva especie del género Coenosia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) de Sierra Nevada, España Una nueva especie de mosca cazadora, Coenosia doloresae n. sp., es descrita de diversas localidades del macizo montañoso de Sierra Nevada, España. Esta especie está estrechamente relacionada con Coenosia means Meigen, 1826, y Coenosia ambigua Séguy, 1923, y las diferencias entre estas tres especies se muestran mediante una clave de identificación e ilustraciones de las patas y terminalia de los machos. Palabras clave: Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosia doloresae n. sp., España, Sierra Nevada

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INTRODUCTION The muscid genus Coenosia Meigen, 1826, is a large genus and is represented in all biogeographic regions. Adults are predaceous on other small insects and a number of them are being used in Europe for biocontrol of greenhouse pests (e.g. KÜHNE, 2000), for which reason the vernacular name “hunter-flies” has been coined for them. There are some 70 species known from Europe (PONT, 2005). Whilst working on a review of the Spanish species of Coenosia, A.C.P. found a species from the Sierra Nevada which possessed fine setulae on the first abdominal sternite, a unique character in the genus, and which was evidently an undescribed species. Coincidentally, and simultaneously, F.G. found the same species amongst Spanish Coenosia specimens on which he was working. It was also found that the species recorded from the Sierra Nevada as Coenosia means Meigen by LYNEBORG (1970: 46) did in fact belong to the new species and not to means, and had already been recognised as a distinct species by Dr J.R. VOCKEROTH (unpublished). The present paper gives a description of the new species and a means for distinguishing it from its closest relatives.

MATERIAL AND METHODS The material studied is located in the following institutions: BMNH CEUA

The Natural History Museum, London, UK Colección Entomológica de la Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada MMB Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic OUMNH Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK ZMUC Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

The standard works on European Muscidae have been used (HENNIG, 1955-1964; GREGOR et al., 2002). Details of the related species Coenosia means Meigen, 1826, and Coenosia ambigua Séguy, 1923, are to be found in PONT (2000).

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Coenosia doloresae n. sp. Holotype: ♂: SPAIN, Andalucía (Granada): Sierra Nevada, Puerto de la Ragua, 2000 m, 8-VII-1975, W. Schacht (BMNH). Paratypes: 40♂ 31♀: SPAIN, Andalucía (Granada): same data as holotype, 22♂ 24♀ (1♂ 1♀ each in CEUA and OUMNH, rest in BMNH); Sierra Nevada, 7 km S of Aldeira, 2500 m, alpine meadow, 29-VI-1989, Spatenka, 3♂ 1♀ (MMB); Sierra Nevada, N slope Veleta, 2200 m, 30-VII-1960, J.R.Vockeroth, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC); same locality, 2300-2550 m, 22-VII-1960, 3♂ 2♀ (CNC) & 4♂ (ZMUC); same locality, 2400 m, 25-VII-1960, 2♂ (CNC) & 2♀ (ZMUC); same locality, 2400 m, 26-VII-1960, 2♂ (CNC); same locality, 2400 m, 27VII-1960, 2♂ (CNC); same locality, 2400 m, 30-VII-1960, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC); Sierra Nevada, Capileira, Mulhacén road, 2000-2800 m, 8-VII-1993, V. Michelsen, 1♂ (ZMUC).

Diagnosis The new species and only two other European species (Coenosia means Meigen, 1826, and Coenosia ambigua Séguy, 1923) have hind tibia with posterodorsal, dorsal and anterodorsal preapical setae and mostly black legs, and C. doloresae can be distinguished from the other two, and indeed from all other European Coenosia species known to us, by the presence of several fine setulae on abdominal sternite 1 (Figs. 1-12).

Description Male and female. Head. Ground-colour black. Frons broad, just above lunula 0.35-0.40 of maximum head-width (in frontal view). Eye bare. Fronto-orbital plate whitish to whitish-grey pruinose; parafacial, face, gena and lower occiput silvery pruinose, rest of occiput light grey. Fronto-orbital plate narrow, at middle half width of frontal vitta at this point. Frontal triangle more brownish, reaching to level of upper or middle frontal seta. Outer vertical short, hardly half as long as inner vertical. Upper post-ocular setulae in several rows. Ocellar seta long, longer than orbital seta. 3 pairs of inclinate frontal setae, with a few interspersed setulae; 1 pair of reclinate orbitals. Antenna black, pedicel with a conspicuous patch of silvery dust on anterior surface; postpedicel moderate, twice as long as pedicel (frontal view) or 2.7-3.2 (♂) and 2.5 (♀) times its maximum width, falling short of epistoma by 0.4 of its own length, the anterior tip slightly angular but not produced into a point. Arista long, pubescent, the longest combined hairing at most half the lateral width of postpedicel, the longest individual hairs longer than basal width of arista. Parafacial narrow, everywhere wider Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 32 (3-4): 305-313, 2008

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Figures 1-6. Mid femur, posterior view, of Coenosia species. 1: means Meigen, ♂; 2: ambigua Séguy, ♂; 3: doloresae sp.n., ♂; 4: means Meigen, ♀; 5: ambigua Séguy, ♀; 6: doloresae sp.n., ♀. Scale line: 0.5 mm. (Figures 1-2, 4-5, from PONT, 2000). Figuras 1-6. Vista posterior del fémur II de las diferentes especies de Coenosia. 1: means Meigen, ♂; 2: ambigua Séguy, ♂; 3: doloresae sp. n., ♂; 4: means Meigen, ♀; 5: ambigua Séguy, ♀; 6: doloresae sp.n., ♀. Escala: 0.5 mm. (Figuras 1-2, 4-5, de PONT, 2000).

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than diameter of anterior ocellus. Vibrissal angle behind level of profrons; vibrissae strong, crossed. Gena moderate, the depth below lowest eye-margin 1.6 times width of postpedicel. Mentum of proboscis dark brown, glossy. Palpus dark brown. Thorax. Ground-colour black. Scutum grey dusted, sometimes weakly tinged with yellow behind, usually with very weak indications of a pair of narrow brown vittae running along the dorsocentral lines; scutellum grey, postpronotal lobes and pleura light grey dusted. Acrostichal setulae weak and hair-like, in 2 irregular rows, 3-serial behind. Dorsocentrals 1+3, shorter than the supra-alar and post-alar setae. Postpronotal lobes with setulae, none of them spinulose; inner seta fine, half length of outer seta. 2 short postsutural intra-alars. 2 proepisternal setae. Anterior and lower katepisternal setae subequal in length. Scutellum with the usual strong apical and subbasal lateral setae; disc sparsely setulose. Legs. Black; fore tibia yellow on basal 0.15, mid and hind legs with the knees yellow. Tarsomeres not expanded; pulvilli as long as length of tarsomere 5. Fore femur with only short anteroventrals in basal half; 3-4 posterodorsals, and several posterior setae in basal half; posteroventral row complete, long. Fore tibia with a fine submedian posterior seta. Mid femur with short setae in basal half of anteroventral surface, less than femoral depth; posteroventral surface (Figs 3, 6) with 2-4 setae in basal half, much longer than femoral depth, with only setulae in apical half except for a short seta at apex; anterior surface with 4 setae in basal half; 1 anterior and 2 posterior preapicals. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 submedian posterior seta. Hind femur with a sparse row of 3 well-spaced anteroventral setae, longer than femoral depth, and several longer setulae; posteroventral surface with 1-2 long setae in basal half and sometimes 1 short seta just before apex, and in ♀ with 1 posteroventral before middle; anterodorsal row complete; 0 dorsal and 1 posterodorsal preapical. Hind tibia with 0 posterodorsal, 1 long anterodorsal, 1 anteroventral; with posterodorsal, dorsal and anterodorsal preapical setae; 1 strong anteroventral apical but 0 posteroventral. Wings. Relatively narrow, but alula well-developed. Weakly yellowish-brown, veins yellowish-brown. Tegula black, basicosta brown to black. Veins bare, except for costa which is setulose to tip of vein R 4+5. Costal spine inconspicuous. Cross-vein r-m beyond the point where R 1 enters costa; dm-cu straight. Ratio of section of vein M between r-m and dmcu, to cross-vein dm-cu, to apical section of vein CuA 1, is 1.8-1.9 : 1 : 1.5-1.9 (♂) or 1.8 : 1 : 1.4 (♀). Vein A 1+CuA 2 very short, reaching over halfway from its base to wing-margin. Calypters white, margins creamy; lower calypter long, projecting beyond upper one by almost length of upper one. Haltere yellow. Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 32 (3-4): 305-313, 2008

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Abdomen. Ground-colour black. Entirely grey dusted. Syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 without dark markings, tergite 3 rarely with a pair of weak diffuse dark oval spots in posterior half; tergite 4 with a pair of weak dark oval spots in posterior half, absent in ♀; tergite 5 in ♂ with a pair of large dark subquadrate spots, occupying 2/3 of tergal length, these smaller in ♀, but very rarely fused to form a single central patch. Visible post-abdominal tergites of ♂ grey dusted. Sternites of ♂ grey dusted, sternite 5 with some very weak traces of shine along inner margin of each lobe, mainly formed from bristle-dots. Each tergite in ♂ with rather erect lateral discal setae, without distinct marginals except on tergite 5, in ♀ with only discal setae on tergites 4 and 5. Sternite 1 with at least 1 setula on each side. Terminalia. ♂ epandrium with a strong rounded projection at inner base (Fig. 9); cercal plate waisted medially, apical part suddenly narrowed, much longer than surstylus in lateral view (Fig. 12); surstylus short, triangular (Fig. 9). Measurements. Length of body, 3.5-4.0 mm (♂), 4.0-4.5 mm (♀). Length of wing, 3.0-3.5 mm (♂), 3.5-4.0 mm (♀).

Relationships Because of the presence of posterodorsal, dorsal and anterodorsal preapical setae on hind tibia and the almost wholly dark legs, C. doloresae is most closely related to Coenosia means Meigen and Coenosia ambigua Séguy. The conformation of the male genitalia, in particular the short triangular surstylus and the waisted cercal plate, indicate that it is closest to Coenosia ambigua, a species known from the uplands of Central and Southern Europe and occurring regularly at higher altitudes than Coenosia means. Identification Keys These three species can be separated by the following key: 1. Trochanters yellow, sometimes hind trochanter darkened in ♀. Tibiae broadly yellow at base, in particular fore tibia yellow on basal third (♂) or quarter (♀). ♂: lobes of 5th abdominal sternite broadly shining black along their inner margins; cercal plate not narrowed in basal half and before apex (Fig. 10); surstylus elongate, finger-like (Fig. 7). ♀: abdominal tergite 5 usually without a pair of paramedian brown spots. [Mid femur on posteroventral surface with long setae along its Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 32 (3-4): 305-313, 2008

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Figures 7-12. Male terminalia, lateral view, of Coenosia species, 7: means Meigen; 8: ambigua Séguy; 9: doloresae sp.n. Male surstylus, dorsal view, of Coenosia species, 10: means Meigen; 11: ambigua Séguy; 12: doloresae sp.n. S = surstylus. Scale line: 0.25 mm. (Figures 7-8, 10-11, from PONT, 2000). Figuras 7-12. Vista lateral de la terminalia masculina de las diferentes especies de Coenosia. 7: means Meigen; 8: ambigua Séguy; 9: doloresae sp. n. Vista dorsal del estylus masculino de las diferentes especies de Coenosia. 10: means Meigen; 11: ambigua Séguy; 12: doloresae sp. n. S = surstylus. Scala: 0.25 mm. (Figuras 7-8, 10-11, de PONT, 2000).

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entire length in ♂ (Fig. 1), or with or without a long seta in apical half in ♀ (Fig. 4).] .................................................... means Meigen — Trochanters black. Tibiae only narrowly yellow at base, fore tibia yellow in basal seventh or less. ♂: lobes of 5th abdominal sternite grey dusted or with some very weak indications of shine along their inner margins; cercal plate conspicuously narrowed in basal half and before apex (Figs. 11-12); surstylus short, triangular (Figs 8-9). ♀: abdominal tergite 5 with a more or less distinct pair of paramedian oval brown spots ......................................................................... 2 2. Sternite 1 bare. ♂: mid femur on posteroventral surface with long setae in basal half, replaced by stout spinules in apical half (Fig. 2). ♀: mid femur on posteroventral surface bare in apical half except for 1-2 isolated spinulose setae (Fig. 5) ............... ambigua Séguy — Sternite 1 with at least 1 setula on each side. Mid femur in both sexes with 2-3 setae in basal half, much longer than femoral depth, with only setulae in apical half except for a short seta at apex, without trace of spinules (Figs 3, 6) .................... doloresae n.sp.

Variation Some variation was observed. In the ♂, the size of the dark spots on tergites 4 and 5 varies, and there are sometimes vestiges of spots on tergite 3. On pv surface of the mid femur, there are sometimes stronger setulae in apical half, but they are always setulose and not spinose.

Etymology This species is named for our colleague Dr Maria-Dolores Rodriguez Rodriguez (Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria de Almería, La Majonera, Spain) as a token of our gratitude for her support of A.C.P.’s fieldwork in southern Spain.

Distribution Known only from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of southern Spain.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A.C.P. thanks Jim O’Hara (CNC), Verner Michelsen (ZMUC) and Nigel Wyatt (BMNH) for the loan of the material discussed in this paper.

BIBLIOGRAPHY GREGOR, F., ROZKOŠNÝ, R., BARTÁK, M. & VAŇHARA, J., 2002, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107: 280 pp. HENNIG, W., 1955-1964, Family Muscidae. In: LINDNER, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 63b: 1110 pp. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. KÜHNE, S., 2000, Räuberische Fliegen der Gattung Coenosia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) und die Möglichkeit ihres Einsatzes bei der biologischen Schädlingsbekämpfung. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 9: 78 pp. LYNEBORG, L., 1970, Some Muscidae from Southern Spain, with descriptions of six new species (Insecta, Diptera). Steenstrupia, 1: 29-54. PONT, A.C., 2000, Revalidation of Coenosia ambigua Séguy, 1923 (Diptera, Muscidae). Studia dipterologica, 7: 491-495. PONT, A.C., 2005, Fauna Europaea: Muscidae. In: PAPE, T. (ed.) Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.3 http://www.faunaeur.org (accessed 30 July 2008)

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