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Lamps and Ballasts:

A Look at Current Trends and Advances Questline Academy

Meet Your Panelist

• Mike Carter

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Table of Contents

• Basics • T8 Ballasts • T8 Lamps • HID Ballasts • HID Lamps • Incandescent Bulbs • CFL Lamps • Bonus

Source: DOE EERE

Source: DiLouie, C., Wolfman, H. and Walerczyk, S. What’s New in Lamps and Ballasts? 2013 LightFair International conference. Philadelphia, PA.

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Basics

• Drivers of lighting innovation o Light quality trumps energy o Energy codes o Green building market o Government regulation o Incentives • Tax deduction • Utility rebates

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Basics

• ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Energy Standard for Buildings o Lower lighting power densities (watts/ft2) • 0.66 (warehouse) to 1.40 (retail)

o Electric lighting controls (energy emphasis instead of power) • For all interior lighting in buildings o o o o

Lights OFF within 30 minutes Bi-level reduction by at least 50% Display lighting only during shopping hours Manual on or 50% bi-level on

• Daylight control when top and side daylight is present • During the nighttime for exterior lighting • Automatic receptacle control (50% of all receptacles) • Occupancy sensors for parking garages

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Basics

• Government regulation Reflector Lamps T12 Lamps

PS MH Fixtures 2009

100w Inc.

2010

Mercury Vapor Ballasts 2008

T12 Magnetic Ballasts

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2011

700 Series T8 Lamps 75w Inc.

2012

T8 Ballast BLE

60/40w Inc.

2013

2014

Commercial Building Tax Deduction Ends

PS MH Lamps 2017

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Basics

• Ballast: Starts the lamp and regulates current • Ballast Factor: Ratio of the light output of a fluorescent lamp to the light output of the same lamp operated on a standard (reference) ballast o Ranges from 0.6 to 1.3, typically 0.88 o Is not a measure of efficiency o For electronic ballasts, affects system watts proportionally

• Ballast Efficiency Factors (BEF): Equals the ballast factor divided by the input power of the ballast BEF = BF/watts

 Ballast Luminous Efficiency (BLE): the ratio of total lamp arc power supplied to ballast input power. BLE = output power/input power questline.com

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T8 Ballasts

• TREND: T8 Instant-Start Holds >50% Share o T5 ballast sales increased 26% in 2010 o Magnetic ballast share was 27% in 2005 2010 Fluorescent Ballast Shipments

Source: NEMA

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T8 Ballasts

• TREND: Increased Energy Efficiency o NEMA Premium® Ballasts • Only applies to T8 lamps • Generally a 5% to 7% efficiency improvement (2 to 5 watts) and anti-striation control • Meets or exceeds the Ballast Efficiency Factors (BEF) established by the CEE (Consortium for Energy Efficiency) • Examples o o o o

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Universal Ultim8® Sylvania Quicktronic PROStart® Philips Optanium® GE UltraStart™ (with dimming down to 3%)

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T8 Ballasts • TREND: Increased Energy Efficiency o The 2000 Ballast Rule o No magnetic ballasts manufactured for replacement after June 2010.

o

New electronic ballast luminous efficiency (BLE) standards. o Effective July 1, 2014

o Programmed-start parallel lamp operation ballasts • Typically wired in series, these new parallel wired ballasts keep remaining lamps burning when one fails 4-Lamp Ballast

Non-Parallel (Series)

Parallel

One Lamp Fails

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T8 Ballasts TREND: Controllable T8 Ballasts • Continuous Dimming Ballasts o Philips EssentiaLine™ (down to 20%) o GE UltraStart™ (3%) o Sylvania Quicktronic PowerSense (5%) detects lamp brightness o Creston GLB-DALI (1%) real-time power metering

• Bi-Level (A/B) Switching Ballasts o Sylvania Quickstep® (55W at 100% and 27W at 50%) o Espen Dynamus (25%, 50%, 100%) o GE UltraMax™ (100%; 60%) Hi/Lo

• NEMA LL9-2011 standard (effective 2015) o Sufficient cathode heating for dimming Source: Osram-Sylvania

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T8 Ballasts TREND: Easy retrofit of T8 Ballasts • Leviton Zipline o Only 2 pieces o Integral ballast

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T5HO Ballasts

• TREND: Higher temperature performance o Ballast temperatures in excess of 40ºC (104ºF ) reduces manufacturer’s warranty and significantly shortens ballast life (50% lower every 10ºC higher than 35ºC) • T5HO light output degrades at ambient temperatures over 35ºC (95ºF)

o Holophane IntelliBay™ & IntelliVue™ • Operates in ambient environments up to 55ºC (130ºF) • Maintains optimum lamp cold spot temperature at 47ºC (117ºF) • Uses heat pipe technology known as Passively Optimized Lumen Output with Automated Regulation (P.O.L.A.R.)

Source: Holophane

o Lithonia I-BEAM™ System • Operates in ambient environments up to 55ºC to 65ºC (130ºF to150ºF) • T5HO Cool Running™ Technology involves increased ballast package conductivity, efficiency, and air convection

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Linear Fluorescent Lamps

• Installed base o Still 570 million T12 lamps (2010) in use!

2001

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Installed Base

2010

2012 Shipments

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T8 Lamps

• TREND: Accelerated T8 Lamp Shipments o T5 lamp sales held steady at a10% share vs. T8 at 75% 2013 Q1 Lamp Shipments

Source: NEMA

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T8 Lamps

TREND: Increased Market Penetration of T8 Lamps • Legislation o Energy Conservation Program (ECP) 2009 Lamp Rule • Began July 14, 2012. • Effectively eliminates most 4-ft T12, 8-ft (F96) T12 lamps o ≥87CRI exemption for T12s

• Two-year reprieve for 700 series (1st generation) T8 lamps o Rare earth element crisis is subsiding

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T8 Lamps

• TREND: Increased Number of Reduced-Wattage Lamps o Sylvania LUMILUX T8 23 W/830 (1,900 lumens) • T8 lamp is a 38” long European design with 28% energy savings over full-wattage F32T8 lamps

o Reduced wattage T5HO lamps are also available • Light output equal to standard 54W o Philips Energy Advantage (49W) o GE Starcoat® Ecolux® (51W) o Sylvania Pentron® SuperSaver® Ecologic® (51W)

Source: Philips Lighting

• TREND: Dimmable Reduced Wattage T8 Lamps o Sylvania 25W, 28W, 30W Octron® SuperSaver® Ecologic®3

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T8 Lamps • TREND: Improved T8/T5 Lamp Life o Extended life 4-ft T8 lamps (XL, XLL, SXL) increase rated life to over 70,000 hours T8 Rated Lamp Life (Hours) Start Type/Cycle

• • • •

3-Hr

Average 12-Hr

Extended 12-hr

Instant-Start

24,000

30,000

36,000-50,000

Program-Start

30,000

40,000

50,000-80,000

Kumho Sequoia (75,000 hrs @ 3 hr rapid start) Aura Ultimate Long Life (70,000 hrs @ 3 hr rapid start) Philips Master TL-D Xtreme (double filaments) Sylvania Octron 800XP SuperSaver XL/SS (84,000 hrs @ 3 hr rapid start)

o New T5HO lamps are supposedly rated at 60,000 hours @ 12 hours/start questline.com

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T8 Lamps

• TREND: Hybrid Fluorescent-LED o BANFAlite • Adjustable occupancy sensor

3 Watts

28 Watts Source: TylerCo, inc.

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement • Four options • CALiPER tested six different drop-in 4-foot retrofit LED products o Comparable LED lumens/watt output o Narrow LED light distribution o Over $50 per LED lamp Type

Watts

Lumens

LPW

CCT (K)

CRI

LED (Rd 9)

21

974

46

7,939

74

LED (Rd 11)

22

1,887

86

5,091

69

T8

32

3,000

94

3,300

82

Philips TLED

24

2,500

104

4,000

85

Source: Osram Opto Duris

Source: DOE CALiPER

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement

• Purpose-built Linear LED Troffers Type

Watts

Lumens

LPW

CCT (K)

CRI

T8

32

3,000

94

3,300

82

Cree CR Series

44

4,000

90

3,500

90

Cooper Corelite

51

4,300

85

3,500

85

LED 2X2 (Rd 13)

43

3,469

80

3,152

94

Source: Cree Source: Philips Ledalite

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Source: Axis Lighting

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement

• LED Retrofit Kits o Volumetric • Leviton ZiplineTM LED Platinum Series o 2x4 models offer 5700 lumens at 60 watts o 2x2 models offer 3400 lumens at 37 watts

o Strips • LED Living Technology

Source: Leviton Lighting & Energy Solutions

o CLARIS LED Retrofit Kits • 2090 lumens@22 w • 4180 lumens@44 w • 90 lpw with isotropic diffuser

• Impact on UL listing o None if retrofit kit has UL listing o Up to AHJ if gut and replace • Most will void the listing • Expensive to field list Source: LED Living Technology

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement

• CALiPER Exploratory Study Recessed Troffer Lighting o Simulated office space o Twenty-four pairs of 2×2 and 2×4 troffers • • • •

T8 fluorescent benchmark (3) LED dedicated troffers (12) Replacement LED tubes (5) Non-tube LED retrofit kits (4)

o Dedicated LED troffers had better efficacy (lpw) than fluorescents • Some flickered when dimmed

Source: DOE

o LED tubes equal in efficacy to fluorescents • Exhibited “stripey” troffer appearance

o LED retrofit kits had color, glare and dimming issues

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement

• Light Guide Products o GE Edge Lighting/Lumination o Philips CoreView o LG ModulA Light Guide Plate (LGP) o MaxLite Led Flat Panel Pendant • 3290 lumens @ 37.5 watts, 80 CRI

Source: LG Innotek

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Source: GE

Source: Philips Lighting

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement

• Light Guide Products o GE Lumination™ LED Luminaires EL Series

Source: GE Lighting Solutions

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Linear Fluorescent Replacement

• T-Bar LED Lighting o 1133 lumens @ 16.5 watts (68 lpw) and 82 CRI o Daisy chain up to 10 linear feet

Source: JLC TECH, T-BAR LED SmartlightTM

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HID Ballasts

• TREND: EISA 2007 Prohibits Sale of Probe-Start Magnetic Ballasts in New Fixtures Since 2009 2009 HID Ballast Shipments

Source: NEMA

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HID Ballasts • TREND: Improved Efficiency >150W HID Ballasts (Pulse Start)

Source: Metrolight Ltd.

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HID Ballasts • TREND: Smarter HID Ballasts o DALI Compliant • GreenTek Ceramivision eHID o Micro-Start™, dimming to 35% (CMH), 200W to 400W CMH o SmartLot Solution™ preprogrammed dimming

o Power Disturbance Ride-Through • Philips Bodine ARC Keeper® (magnetic) and e-ARC Keeper® (electronic) HID backup ballasts o Adds-on to existing ballast o Provides up to two minutes of ride-through

Source: Philips Lighting

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HID Ballasts • TREND: Smaller Size