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A History of Europe’s TEN- T

Trans European Road Network • Scandinavian Med. Route • Rhine Alpine Route • North Sea Med. Route • Atlantic Route • Mediterranean Route • North Sea/Baltic –Adriatic

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Trans European Road Network

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Post –war development of European Network Western Europe and US realised benefit of integrated road network in 1950s Social attitude demand for mobility & protest movement in 1970s Knowledge Sharing within Europe /US in relation to design - build standards

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A divided Europe -1945

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1950 European Road Net Linking East and West Focus on Western Europe -A3 Spain – Holland -A4 Spain –Germany copyright 2015 autosnelwegen

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West German Autobahn Focus on North South links -A7/A5 Denmark –W. Germany -Switzerland -A3 Netherland- W. Germany – Austria Higher standards

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West German Autobahn A7

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West German Autobahn A3 Autobahn A3 Rhine Section 1960s - Dutch /W. German project - topography & geology

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West German Autobahn A3 Autobahn A3 - Bavarian Section 1960s - 1-2 % and long curves - structures for direct route

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West German Autobahn A8

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Autobahn A8- Karlsruhe- Stuttgart Black Forest copyright 2015 hlwp.com

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- public opposition from Forestry, Tourism Board and Hunting Association

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- cancellation of project and upgrade of existing autobahn

Belgium Autoroutes to link industrial areas Knowledge Sharing concrete technology from US 1970s 600 km concrete slip form construction

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A3 Autoroute Brussel- Liege

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The Netherlands 1958 Rijkswegen Plan -A12 from Rotterdam to A3 Ruhr to Basel

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The Netherlands 1968 Rijkswegen Plan -A1 Utrecht to Hannover Mass motorisation & accident increases 1973 Oil Crisis impact copyright 2015 autosnelwegen

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The Netherlands

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The Netherlands

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The Netherlands

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The Netherlands

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Autoroute 10 France Autoroute 10 Paris – Bordeaux Section A -1958 Paris - Loire Valley Section B- 1960s Tours to Bordeaux – coastal option - viaduct across Gironde Estuary - public opinion divided communities

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Autoroute 10 Paris – Bordeaux

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United Kingdom • Adopted Geometric standards • Learning process -pioneering designs led to debates: -capacity, 2 lane or 3 lane motorways -construction of drainage, pavements • Public relations/ Statutory approval

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M6 Preston Bypass & M40 • A learning process -2 or 3 lanes ? -soft shoulders -deformation • Public relations

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Denmark–E45 North /E30 East  E45 North- South in Jutland -Oil Crisis delay Arhus - Germany link 1990 -Section reduced to 26m + soft shoulders + post surfacing -back to Hard Shoulders in 1990  E30 East West link to Sweden - Island geography needed long bridges - surfacing for frost

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Denmark –E20 East to Sweden  E20 by 1985 – 185km between Sweden & Germany copyright 2015 vejdirektoratet.dk

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Denmark –E20 East to Sweden  E20 - Verglimit to de-icer in Surface Course oopyright 2015 vejdirektoratet.dk

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Denmark–E45 North  E45 Construction Stage 

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Denmark–E45 North  Opening at Graensen Queen Margrethe & Walther Scheel copyright 2015 vejdirektoratet.dk

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Denmark–E45 North  E45

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TEN –T – 1990s Reunification of Europe - opportunity for TEN-T copyright 2015 wikipedia.org

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Upgrade TEN- T Core 2030  Multimodal Green Intelligent Roads copyright 2015 european-commission

- Rhine-Alpine TEN-T Route *Worlds Largest Ports/Indust. -Rotterdam, Antwerp ,Zeeb. -Ruhr, Ransted to Basel *Mature Road Network - Road/Rail Cargo M’modal - Port Parking + ITS

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Upgrade TEN- T Core 2030  Multimodal Green Intelligent Roads copyright 2015 european-commission

- Scan-Mediterranean TEN-T * Key North South Axis *Long Distance Route - Fehmarn Tunnel Denmark - Rest Parking - Alternative Fuels/Electric - Swift Green –Noise/Emiss.

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Upgrade TEN- T Core 2030  Multimodal Green Intelligent Roads copyright 2015 european-commission

- North Sea Mediterranean TEN-T * Pop. Density & Peripherality * Dependence on Roads * Distance & Trade inversely related -Last Mile Access/Dublin Port -Alternative Fuels/Electric

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Conclusion • Pioneering motorway development of TEN-T • Lessons learned -Capacity, Geometrics , Construction Methods • Future TEN-T Routes - Multimodal Interchanges to Rail and Ports - Tunnels, Parking for Geographical constraints - Alternative Fuels for Sustainability - Intelligent Transport Systems for Safety

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Thank You for your attention Name

Paul MacDonald

Direct Line : Mobile : E-Mail :

+353 45 988905 +353 87 2580685 [email protected]

Kildare National Roads Office, Block B, Maudlins, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland Tel: +353 45 988900 - Fax: +353 45 875845