5G, the Road to a Better Connected World Vice President, Huawei Japan Edward Zhou Mingcheng [email protected]

The Evolution of Mobile Technology

Initial

1960s,Cellular Communication Raised

1G-Analog

1980s 1st Mobile Phone based on AMPS

2G-Digital

1990s, GSM Call Success

3G-Broad Band

2000s, UMTS R99

4G-All IP

2010s, 1st Commercial LTE Launched in 2009

5G-eMBB/IoE

2020s, 5G Era

Next Decade … 2

5G Will Cover Many Industries and Stakeholder Benefits

Enhance Mobile Broadband

Consumers • Ubiquitous & consistent experience • More services

3

Empower Internet of Everything

Verticals • Easy access to the common infrastructure of 5G • Real-time, on-demand services

Operators • Easy deployment and maintenance • Network flexibility for multiple industries

Technical Requirements of 5G

1,000K Links/km

2

10 Gbps Throughput 1 ms Latency

4

Diversified Challenges and Gaps to Reach 5G 5G

Connections

Mobility

Network Architecture

1 ms

10Gbps

1,000K

500km/h

Slicing

E2E Latency

Per Connection

Connections Per km2

High-speed Railway

Ability Required

100x

1.5x

NFV/SDN

10K

350Km/h

Inflexible

30~50x

LTE

Throughput

GAP 5

Latency

30~50ms

100x 100Mbps

5G Revolutionary Road Network Architecture

vEPC

EPC

5G NW Functions

Virtualization

Virtualization + Cloudformation

256QAM M-MIMO

LTE

Multiple Access LAA

LTE ……

NB IOT

Air Interface

Massive CA

Existing Spectrum

Spectrum

6GHz

4G 6

Waveform

6GHz

4.5G

Duplex ……

Channel Coding

New Spectrum + Existing Refarming

Existing Spectrum

100GHz

Frame

NEW AIR

100GHz

（LTE-Advanced Pro）

100GHz

6GHz

5G

LTE-Advanced Pro(4.5G)for New Business Expansion More Capacity 1 Gbps per site

 Massive MIMO  Massive CA  LAA  256QAM 7

All Online 300K Connections per km2

 NB IOT  LTE-D

Lower Latency 10ms

 Shorter TTI  Cloud EPC

Huawei 5G Research Investment Huawei began 5G research in 2009 at the launch of the world's first commercial LTE network Research

Standard

$600m

For 5G Research & Standard

2013~2018

8

Product

Deploy

More investment for product development

Global Talents Focusing on 5G Research 500+ 5G Experts

9 5G Research Centers Stockholm, Sweden •System Architecture •Algorithms

Stockholm

Paris, France •Standardization

Ottawa New Jersey

Paris

Munich

Moscow Shanghai Chengdu

Munich, Germany

Moscow, Russia

•Verticals

•Fundamental Algorithms

New Jersey, USA

Ottawa, Canada

Shenzhen

•5G Transmission

•5G Radio •Network Architecture

5G Research Centers in China •Shen zhen •Shang hai •Cheng du

9

Academic Contributions Joint Research on 5G with 20+ Top Universities around the World

Harvard University

New York University

Stanford University

TUM

TUD

Aachen University

Royal Institute of Technology

Chalmers University of Technology

182 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

10

Cambridge University

University of Surrey

Tsinghua University

Shanghai The Hong Kong Jiao Tong University of Science University and Technology

……

Publications

on 5G new air technology, new architecture, etc (By 2014)

Huawei 5G Collaboration to Drive ECO-System Industry Collaborations

Leading R&D Partner

5G Joint Research with NTT DOCOMO Board Member

Board Member

Board Member

5GIC Key Founder

11

Cooperation with Operators

Key Founder

Etisalat (World Expo 2020 )

5G MOU with SingTel

5G Joint Innovation with LG Uplus Leading R&D Partner

5G strategic cooperation with CMCC

MegaFon (2018 world cup)

5G Lab with Deutsche Telekom

5G MOU with KT

5G MOU with VDF

Key Concerns for Reaching 5G 1 ms E2E Latency

12

10Gbps Per Connection

1,000K

500km/h

Connections Per km2

High-speed Railway

Spectrum

New Architecture

Aggregate All Available Bands

One Physical Network Multiple Industries

Slicing Ability Required

New Air Interface

Flexibility & Spectrum Efficiency

5G Will Aggregate All Bands WRC15

WRC19

Requirement >500MHz

45GHz available

for future Cellular Access and Self-Backhaul

for IMT-2020

Visible Light

Cellular Bands

1

2

3

4

5

6

5G Primary bands

13

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

5G Complementary Bands for Capacity, 45GHz available

90

GHz GHz

A New Architecture to Carry MBB & Verticals UP

Application Field

10Gbps 8K/Holographic Video Network Slice

UP

CP RAT Configure

1ms Autonomous Driving Network Slice

Developer

Session/Mobile/Policy

Consumer

Unified Control Plane CDN/Cache

GW UP

UP

Partner

CP

Multi-Application User Plane CP

10Billion

DC

Operator

connections DC

IOT Network Slice

UP

DC One Infrastructure, Multiple Network Slices

Industry Defined Network Slicing

14

Service oriented cloud-formation

Internet architectural operation Page 14

An Innovative Air Interface to Improve Spectrum Efficiency 3G 1.6 SIMO UE Dual Antenna

4G 1.4

1.3

1.7

Fast DL Scheduling

MIMO

OFDM

2ms TTI

Antenna

Modulation

R5 HARQ IR Coding

1.2

R8

AMC Code Sets 16QAM

1.2

UE IRC

PHY Algorithm

1.2

FSS MAC Algorithm

1.2

UMTS to HSPA

HSPA to LTE

1.6*1.4*1.2*1.2

1.3*1.7*1.2*1.2

=3.23 times

15

5G

=3.18 times

? LTE to 5G at least 3 times improvement

5G Key Enabling Radio Technologies Massive MIMO 5 A

F-OFDM (Filtered-OFDM) Flexible sub carrier bandwidth to carry diverse QoE applications

SCMA (Sparse Code Multiple Access) T

3

Packet

SCMA 4

2

T

1 16

F-OFDM

3D sparse functions with nonorthogonal sequence to improve connections Grant free to shorten latency

Polar Code Approach Shannon Limit with no decoder error floor to reduce BER and improve reliability

The Main Issues of OFDM 10% guard band is needed to meet spectrum mask requirement

OFDM can not support asynchronous transmission

OFDM waveform is not flexible , required fixed subcarrier spacing, symbol duration and CP length 17

F-OFDM: Foundational Waveform for Adaptive Air Interface OFDM

F-OFDM

15 KHz

15 KHz/7.5KHz Frequency

30 KHz High speed vehicle/train

Low latency video Traditional Voice/data traffic

Frequency

OFDM sub-carrier spacing

Time

Time

Cellular IoT

OFDM

F-OFDM

Service-adaptive

Fixed sub-carrier spacing Fixed CP

Flexible sub-carrier spacing Flexible CP

High Spectrum utilization

10% guard band

1 subcarrier minimal guard band

Low Signaling overhead

Synchronous

Asynchronous

18

New Multiple Access Scheme for 5G - SCMA SCMA: Sparse Code Multiple Access (One Candidate for 5G) 1G: FDMA

2G: TDMA+FDMA Time

Time

3G: CDMA

Time

Code

(TACS,AMPS)

Frequency

Time

Frequency

Frequency

5G: SCMA

4G: OFDMA Time

Code

Frequency

19

Frequency

SCMA : Massive Connectivity & Low Latency (b1,b2)

UE1

(1,1)

SCMA MODULATION CODEBOOK MAPPING

UE2

(1,0)

SCMA MODULATION CODEBOOK MAPPING

UE3

(1,0)

UE4

(0,0)

SCMA MODULATION CODEBOOK MAPPING

UE5

(0,1)

UE6

(1,1)

SCMA MODULATION CODEBOOK MAPPING

UE Sparse Code Book

→

→

UE1 UE2 UE3 UE4 UE5 UE6

SCMA MODULATION CODEBOOK MAPPING

SCMA MODULATION CODEBOOK MAPPING

Low Density Spreading

SCMA block 1

High Dimension Modulation

f

Spreading over f-OFDM subcarriers

F-OFDM tones

By using low density spreading & high dimension modulation, allocate 6 users to 4 subcarrier, each sub-carrier bears 3 users' information , to increase the connectivity. 20

SCMA Performance Based on Simulation Result Better link quality than LTE

 SCMA has SNR gain over LTE(Same rate& same power per user )  SCMA with overloading performance towards single user

21

300% larger numbers of connected users

 Given the same SNR, SCMA can boost total system throughput up to 300% over LTE(BLER=0.01)

Polar Code is a Breakthrough in 20 Years Turbo

LDPC

Polar

What is the Polar codes?

Reed-Solomon

 A new channel code proposed by

Reed-Muller

Erdal Arikan, Bilkent Univ. Turkey, in 2009

 It can achieve Shannon limit

Random

theoretically.  It can be decoded with simple SC(successive cancellation) decoder and list SC(successive cancellation) decoder

1950s 22

1970s

1990s

today

Polar Code: to Achieve Shannon Limit Polar Code PBCH ,list=2048 Polar Code PBCH ,list=128 Polar Code PBCH,list=32 LTE Tail biting CC, PBCH

0

10

0

10

Polar Code PDCCH ,list=2048 Polar Code PDCCH ,list=128 Polar Code PDCCH,list=32 LTE TB CC, PDCCH Payload Size=46 -1

10 -1

10

FER

FER

LTE

LTE

-2

10

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

1 23

-4

10

1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 Averg EbN0 (dB)

No error floor & High reliability

2

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

0.5~2dB gain compared with LTE Turbo Code

2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 Averg EbN0 (dB)

3

4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8

5

Theoretically proven to achieve Shannon limit

Joint Field Test Plan with NTT DOCOMO

Phase 1

• •

MU-MIMO @ Sub 6GHz Advanced waveform and multiple access(SCMA+ F-OFDM + Polar Code)

China

Phase 2

• • •

New numerology with advanced waveform New channel coding Massive MIMO

Japan

- Connecting the Future Through Joint Innovation 24

Large Scale 5G New Air Interface Field Trial @ Chengdu, China

+

25

• • • •

Sub 6G 24 TUEs 64 TRX 100 MHz

• • • • •

MU-MIMO UL SCMA+F-OFDM DL SCMA+F-OFDM Polar Code DPC

DOCOMO-Huawei Joint Test Video

26

Test Results of Chengdu 5G Joint Test Field Trial Massive MIMO: Dramatically improves spectrum efficiency Maximum throughput:

3.6Gbps

SCMA: Massive connectivity & low latency Time

3 times connections

Code

Average throughput:

1.34Gbps 10+ times compare with SU-MIMO

F-OFDM: Flexibly support IoT and mobile broadband t

More robust performance with asynchronous transmission

 Both edge band and center band can use for DL data transmission

f 27

compared with LTE

Frequency

 Downlink throughput increase: 50%~60%

Polar Code: Provide a higher transmission reliability

 0.5-1.2dB Gain compare with LTE Turbo Code