Differentiating 4k from HD A consumer sitting further from the screen than the HD viewing distance cannot discern more detail in 4k than in HD Diagonal Inches
HD Viewing Distance Feet
4k Viewing Distance Feet
85
10.4
5.2
65
8.0
4.0
4k has to be differentiated from HD in three ways: • Higher resolution • Wider color gamut •
Display more colors
• Higher dynamic range •
Better shadows and highlights
vxYCC color for 4k and HD
xvYCC Color • Background: – xvYCC is a color space that supports a gamut larger than the color space of HDTV which is called Rec 709 – xvYCC was proposed by Sony and published in January 2006 as an IEC standard – xvYCC makes use of code values that are not defined in Rec 709 – The Bravia XBR8 supported xvYCC but the feature was apparently removed later models
• Blu-ray discs mastered in xvYCC will be watched by many consumers on TVs that do not support xvYCC – Blu-ray players will not convert from xvYCC to Rec 709
• Care has to be taken when mastering xvYCC content to ensure it looks good when displayed on a Rec 709 TV – The way that a Rec 709 TV displays xvYCC code values undefined in Rec 709 is not also not defined
Mastering xvYCC P3
Transform & Color Correction
xvYCC Master
QC on xvYCC display
BD Master
QC on Rec 709 display
Notes: •
P3 is the color space for digital cinema and all theatrical content is mastered in P3
•
Rec 709 is the standard color space for HDTV
•
The xvYCC color space is larger than Rec 709 but smaller than P3
Transform
Rec 709 Master
QC on Rec 709 display
iTunes Master
Content protection for 4k
4k Content Protection • 4k in the home is being driven by CE, not the studios • Studios show little interest in releasing 4k to the home • Studios can afford to wait for enhanced content protection before releasing 4k premium content • The enhanced content protection discussion started in DECE/Ultraviolet over a year ago – Most of the other studios are looking for enhanced content protection for HD in the home entertainment window – The latest proposal from the implementers in DECE is that enhanced content protection will apply to 4k, early window HD and 3D content Note: The security requirements for some content (e.g. sports events, reality entertainment) may be less than for premium content
4/7/15
Sony Pictures Confidential
14
AACS • AACS, the content protection for Blu-ray discs, has problems: – Vulnerable to “hack once, hack all”: when an AACS device key is exposed all content on BD discs manufactured before that key is revoked can be ripped – AACS security breaches can only be dealt with by revoking device keys – The AACS revocation process takes 3-6 months – Illegal Blu-ray ripping is now a cloud service offered by off-shore providers
• The studios in the AACS founders agreed to compromises for CE device makers – AACS allowed high definition analog outputs on Blu-ray players until recently – HD analog outputs cannot be protected
DRAFT Content Delivery for 4k
Use Cases 1. Electronic Sell Through (EST) – Consumer purchases title through Online Account – Consumer downloads content to any device registered to Online Account – Device transparently obtains playback license – Consumer plays content
DRAFT
2. Physical media with on-line activation
– Consumer purchases title on physical media
– Registered device responds to media insertion and adds to consumer’s Online Account – Device transparently obtains playback license – Consumer plays content –
Directly from physical media
–
From copy on registered device
Use Cases 3.
Physical media without on-line activation – Consumer purchases title on physical media – Consumer plays content directly from physical media
DRAFT
– Consumer cannot copy content, must have physical media – Requires different content protection scheme
4.
Streaming
– Consumer purchases title (ownership or rental) through Online Account – Device connects to streaming provider using Online Account – Device transparently obtains playback license – Consumer streams content to any authorized device
Physical Media Offering •
Many consumers want to buy physical media with an electronic copy – Studios bundle a Blu-ray disc with a digital offering (e.g. UV, bonus digital copy, AACS managed copy, etc.)
DRAFT
– Studios are selling 2 copies for the price of one – Consumers keep the disc and use the digital offer – Consumers keep the disc and sell the digital offer – Consumer use the digital offer and sell the disc
Content Delivery •
•
Use the same file format for download and physical media –
Standardized file format such as the Common File Format (CFF)
–
Physical media and download are just two different ways to get the 4k file to the consumer
–
•
DRAFT
Streaming with industry standard MPEG-DASH Uses a file format that is similar to CFF
SPE is researching 4k delivery using H.264 (AVC) as an interim codec –
Initial results are encouraging
–
Other companies are doing similar research
–
H.265 (HEVC) is the long term solution but completion of standard, resolution of IPR claims and implementation may make immediate adoption difficult
–
However, without an upgrade path to H.265 early adopters of 4k products will be unable to get new 4k content
