Zazaki notes

Fonts: Times New Roman, SILDoulos IPA93

I didn’t do the numbering for isolated vocab items, so it starts up a couple of pages along.

The initial /t/ in second-person singular pronouns is always aspirated – I didn’t indicate

that in transcription.

Random stuff from the start of class

rÔ?nd(D), tÔ sDnD?na? (I’m) fine, and you well?

dina?rD se?bi? What happened to them?

memanda?r id ima?nD ramaza?n (ya)xøzÔr

a job – a person who likes guests

holiday

faith, religion

Ramadan

?Alevi, god or angel(s)

Dz khuna?r? a rakhyut-D?nD rauRt-D?nD ra?vazD

I am sleeping

to sleep, sleeping

to wake up

Wake up! (imperative)

bÔ mbarD?k bo blessed

Phonological rules:

1) H ‚ i / __ ki 2) D ‚ e / __ C i

cf. tRHm ‘eye’ ‚ tRHmi, *tRimi unless C is q. cf. hDq ‘god’ ‚ hDqi, *heqi

Rule 1 feeds Rule 2. No regression past previous vowel. We concluded that what we had previously thought were two rhotic phonemes were really just one rhotic trill, which is devoiced in final position. There is also a flap. We have not been consistently distinguishing between the two in transcription – but the flap is far more common, so that is what /r/ represents unless otherwise noted. Words with trilled r bÔr(i) forest(s) mar(i) snake(s) mer(i) mice

also mor(i)

We also confirmed the existence of a voiced uvular fricative.

barda?Õ xaÕ qax khaÕ xeÕ(i) xer(i) bDq qDbul

glass waist, ?muscle dried apple weed crazy person (people) favor(s) frog favor

to you

zaf very

xe?r-i favor-pl

hDq god

xe?r-e favor-ez

to you

hD?q-i bD?q-i a?rde god-pl frog-pl brought gawa?n Ru^anD? bDrxva?n varDk bÔz bÔzDk bDran mi?D mu?yD phÔrtR mi?ya phÔrtRÔ?nD qantÔrD va?rÔk tRutRÔ?k tRÔtRÔ?k dDwD? dewi?D dD?wD

khyD?rdi did

You did a lot of favors.

qDbu?l ?present

khyD?r-o do-optative

dina? world

Gods created frogs.

May God accept your favor.

cowherd shepherd lambherd (bDrx ~Kurmanji ‘lamb’)

lamb

kid

baby goat (smaller than kid?)

ram

ewe

strand of hair

wool

woolbearing sheep

Ô?n(D) adjectivizing suffix mule

rooster, 1 or 2 years old

chick

breast

male camel pl – dewi?

she-camel pl – dewi?

village pl – de?wi

Contrastive stress – it falls on last stem vowel, but not on feminine suffix. Hiatus resolution:

dDwD? + i ‚ dewi? camel pl Dz I

dDwD? + D ‚ dewi?D camel fem

dDwD? hern-D?na camel buy-pres/fut

I will buy a male camel.

dDwD? da camel bit

me?rik-i man

dewi?-D camel-fem

vi?lÔkD wD?rdD flower ate

The female camel ate the flower.

dew-i? camel-obl

vi?lÔkD wD?rdD flower ate

The male camel ate the flower.

dD?w-a village-ez

gÔ?rs-D big-fem

hDga? field

gÔ?rs-o big-masc

ra on

The male camel bit the man.

dewi?-a gÔ?rsD camel-ezfem big

dDw-o gÔrs camel-ezmasc big

The field is big. Stress retraction to avoid clash? Cf. hDga? rÔndD?ko “the field is nice”

hDga?-o gÔrs field-ezmasc big

a big field

hDga?-i hDga?-D field-ezpl

gÔ?rs-i big-pl

fields big fields

hDga?-i field-pl

gÔ?rs-e big

The fields are big.

ramD?no “lead”

I plow the field.

Dz I

hDga? field

Dz I

dDwra?nD xo happy, free (orig. ‘timespan’) self

52)

tRDnD?k-a girl-ez

rÔndD?k-D pretty-fem

ama left

The pretty girl left.

53)

tRDnD?k-a girl-ez

rÔndD?k-D pretty-fem

vi?lÔkD wD?rdD flower ate

The pretty girl ate the flower.

ramD?no lead

54)

layik-i-e boy

gÔ?rsi big

55)

layÔk-a?-n-D gÔ?rs-a boy-obl-n-ez big-obl

vi?lÔkD wD?rdD flower ate

The big boy ate the flower.

vi?lÔkD wD?rdD flower ate

The big boys ate the flower.

Why epenthetic /n/ here? Cf. hDga?D ‘fields’ above, same context, none. 56)

qDlDm-i-ne pen-pl

57)

mÔ me

kÔta?b da book gave

tRDnD?k-D/a girl-fs/fpl

58)

mÔ me

kÔta?b da book gave

tRDnD?k-a girl-ez

rÔndD?k-D pretty-f

I gave the pretty girl a book.

59)

mÔ me

kÔtha?b da book gave

layikie boy

rÔndD?k-i pretty

I gave the pretty boy a book.

60)

layÔk boy

xo-sD?ra-o self-on-is (~upright, handsome)

61)

kÔtha?b-e book-ez kÔtha?b-e book-ez kÔtha?b-e book-ez kÔtha?b-e book-ez kÔtha?b-e book-ez kÔtha?b-e book-ez kÔtha?b-e book-ez

62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67)

tRDnDk-a?-n-e girl-oblpl-n-are

mÔ?-n-o me-n-ez tu?^y-o you(sg)-ez de?-o him-ez da?-o her-ez ma?-o us-ez Rima?-o you(pl)-ez dina?-o they-ez

gÔrs big gÔrs big gÔrs big gÔrs big gÔrs big gÔrs big gÔrs big

The pens, they’re of the girls.

I gave the girl(s) a book.

The boy is handsome. has reflexive, so can’t be attributive?

my big book

mÔ

your (sg) big book

to

his big book

de

her big book

da?D

our big book

ma

your (pl) big book

Rima?

their big book

dina?

When two identical vowels are adjacent, the first one raises: dDwD + D ‚ dewiD tho + o ‚ thu?^y-o

Then /u/ fronts after a coronal. Cf. lu^lÔkD and Ru^RD below (though su?kD seems to be an exception). Doesn’t happen just whenever /u/ and /o/ are brought together by hiatus – see Ss 10, 11 and 15 below, with coordinated pronouns. 61) 62)

mÔ?-n-o me-n-and tu?^y-o you-and

bra?D xo brother self bra?D xo brother self

me and my brother you and your brother

Conjoined nouns always in oblique? 63)

mÔ I

thu^y-o you-and

bra?D xo/tho?-re brother self/you-for

kÔtha?b herna book bought

W/xo: I bought a book for you and my brother. W/to: I bought a book for you and your brother. 64)

tu^y-o bra?D xo bere tRD-ma you-and brother self come house-our You and your brother come to my house. xo – subject-oriented.

BREAK lu^lÔkD fiRta?n su?kD Ru^RD muskha?r mus thÔrk(i) tu^rki

pupil (of eye) dress (noun) city (no /u/-fronting) bottle teacher learn Turk(s) Turkish (language)

1)

Dz zDderi suka?-n-e I usually city I usually live in big cities.

2) 3) 4)

gyDga?nD qD Dz qD I never

sometimes never ne?-Riya no-went

gÔrsa? big

dD-mD?nda in-live

also rodYDrodYDra (restricted use) I never went (double negative).

5)

to rodYDrodYDra? mÔ-ra phDrs you never me-for question You never ask how I am.

6)

phD?rs-a mÔ D?sta question-ez me is I have a question (lit. my question exists).

7)

to rodYDrodYDra? xatÔ?r-D mÔ you never condition-ez me You never ask about my condition.

8)

to-re phD?rsa mÔ you-forquestion me I have a question for you.

9)

phD?rs-e de to mÔ-?re D?sta question any you me-for is Do you have any questions for me?

10)

tu^?y-o bra?D xo vazd-D?ne you-and brother self run-pres You and your brother are running. o o a vazd-D?ne he and she are running

11)

mÔ a-u-o me she-and-he I kissed he and she.

12)

e-o-a?D Dz pa?tRi khyD?rda him-and-her I kiss did He and she kissed me.

13)

mÔ?-n-o-to (ma) o/dD?st-D dina? me-and-you we he/hand-ez their You and I, (we) kissed him/their hand.

14)

mÔ-n-o tu^y-o dD ma dD?stD dina? pa?tRi khyD?rd me-and-you-and-him we hand-ez their kiss did Me and you and him, we kissed their hand.

15)

o-o-a he-and-she

ne neg

khyDrd do

phDrs question

D?sta is

pa?tRi khyD?rd kiss did

ma-re tRai we-for tea

na sDr put on

pa?tRi khyD?rd kiss did

ne neg

khyDrd do

He and she put on (~boiled) the tea for us. 16)

mÔ-n-o bra?D xu^y-o de ma phya Rime mDktD?bD me-andbrother self-and he we together went school Me and my brother and him, we went to school together.

17)

to o pa?tRi khyD?rd you he kiss did You kissed him. NB – no raising of first /o/ in hiatus when a syntactic boundary is present. See also 10, 11, 15.

18)

ma Yu^ mÔni pa?tRi khyD?rd we one/each other kiss did We kissed each other. useyni-o mDhDme?di khÔtha?b da Yu^ mÔni Husayn-and Muhammad book gave each other Husayn and Muhammad gave each other books.

19)

kha?mi khÔtha?v da to who book gave you Who gave you the book?

20)

to tRÔ da mÔ you what gave me What did you give me?

21)

tÔ tRÔ dana mÔ you what give me What will you give me?

22)

to khÔtha?b da kha?mi you book gave who Who gave you the book?

24)

kha?mdYi khÔtha?b tÔ dana mÔ which book you give me Which book will you give me? ‚ Rising intonation on kha?mdYi

25)

tÔ kha?mdYi khÔtha?b dana mÔ as above

26)

kha?mdYi khÔtha?v-o kD tÔ dana mÔ which book-is that you give me Which book is it that you will give me?

27)

tÔ tRÔ dana mÔ ?? tRÔ tÔ dana mÔ What are you giving me?

28)

mÔ tai tRi her(i)nai me some things bought I bought some things (non-specific).

29)

mÔ tai tRÔ-mi her(i)nai me some things bought I bought some things (specific).

30)

mÔ Ri tai tRi her(i)na me went some things bought I went to buy some things (non-specific).

31)

mÔ Ri tai tRÔ-mi her(i)nai me went some things bought I went to buy some things (specific).

32)

to khÔtha?v da kha?mdYi you book gave which Which girl gave you the book?

33)

kha?mdYi tRDnD?k-a *(kD) which girl-is that (oblig) Which girl is it that gave you the book?

34) 35)

… to khÔtha?v da dYÔ … to khÔtha?v da da?D … to khÔtha?v da de

36)

*no kha?mo kD to khÔtha?v da no kha?m-o kD to this who-is that you Who is it that gave you the book?

37)

*khÔtha?be dYD D?sto khÔtha?be de

tRÔ + i ‚ tRi thing pl

tRDnD?kD girl

to khÔtha?v da dYÔ/*da?D you book gave ~resumptive pronoun

‚ rp can be woman or man, but must be singular ‚ rp is f. sg. ‚ rp is m. sg.

D?sto

khÔtha?v da book gave

dYÔ rp

book-ez him is He has a book (his book exists). 38)

* kha?mdYi cf. 33

tRDnD?kD

to khÔtha?v da

dYD