Yukon Government Science Policy Forum
Science Policy 101 Workshop 1
Jeff Kinder Manager, S&T Strategy Natural Resources Canada* February 4, 2013
With permission of Dawn McDonald, Public Health Agency of Canada
* The views expressed are the presenter’s and not necessarily those of the Government of Canada
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Yukon Government Science Policy Forum
Science Policy 101 Workshop 2
Integration of Science and Policy “…Our world is experiencing unprecedented rates of change. We live in a time of rapid transformations, characterized by risk and opportunity on a global scale. Because of this we must always look to the evidence – particularly scientific evidence – to help navigate change and inform our choices.” -- Dr. David Johnston, Governor-General, Feb. 17, 2012 With permission of Dawn McDonald, Public Health Agency of Canada
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
A science / policy encounter 3
A man in a hot-air balloon gets lost and descends to ask for directions. The
balloonist hovers over a woman on the ground and asks where he is. The woman shouts back, “You are at 45 degrees, 25 minutes, 29 seconds north,
and 75 degrees, 42 minutes, 20 seconds west. I am standing at 100 metres above sea level, so you must be at about 120 metres.” The man in the balloon replies, “You must be a scientist. I ask you a simple
question, you provide me too much information and I’m still lost!” The woman calls back, “You must be a policy analyst. You came out of
nowhere with your questions, I give you the most accurate and precise answer I can, you’re still lost, and you blame me!” Source: Adapted from Canadian Centre for Management Development (2002) Creating Common Purpose: The Integration of Science and Policy in Canada’s Public Service.
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Key Messages 4
The onus of responsibility for integrating science and policy is on both sides
Integration requires early and ongoing interactions
Relationships are key
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
What are we talking about? 5
Science – interpreted broadly to include natural & social sciences, engineering & technology
Policy – inclusive of policy, regulation, programs, etc.
Integration – deliberately chosen over “interface”, etc.; “to blend into a functioning or unified whole; to unite”
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Two cultures
SCIENCE
6
POLICY
often very long
Time horizon
often very short
seeks precision
Language
seeks flexibility
scientific jargon
Lexicon
policy jargon
tolerant
Uncertainty
discomfort
peers
Audience
public
horizontal
Accountability
vertical
specialists
Practitioners
generalists
usually open
Transparency
often closed
30 years
Tenure
30 months
in the regions
Location
at HQ “Ottawa”
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Responsibility on both sides 7
SCIENCE
POLICY
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: a “science-centric” perspective 8
SCIENCE
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: a “science-centric” perspective 9
SCIENCE
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: a “decision-maker” perspective 10
SCIENCE
Decision Maker
POLICY
“science on tap, not on top” “evidence-based decision making” “rationalist view of public policy”
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: a “decision-maker” perspective 11
SCIENCE SCIENCE
SCIENCE
Decision Maker
POLICY
SCIENCE SCIENCE
Source: Adapted from Bill Jarvis (1998) The Role and Responsibilities of the Scientist in Public Policy (Public Policy Forum).
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: a “decision-maker” perspective 12
POLITICAL ECONOMIC LEGAL SCIENTIFIC
Decision Maker
POLICY
DIPLOMATIC SOCIAL
OTHER Source: Adapted from Bill Jarvis (1998) The Role and Responsibilities of the Scientist in Public Policy (Public Policy Forum).
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
But usually multiple decision makers… 13
POLITICAL ECONOMIC LEGAL SCIENTIFIC DIPLOMATIC
Multiple Decision Makers
POLICY
SOCIAL
OTHER
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… with different lenses 14
DIPLOMATIC
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
SCIENTIFIC
Multiple Decision Makers
POLICY
SOCIAL LEGAL OTHER Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: an “issue-centric” perspective 15
ISSUE
IMPACTS
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: an “issue-centric” perspective 16
IDEAS INSTRUMENTS
INSTITUTIONS
INTERESTS
INDIVIDUALS
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: an “issue-centric” perspective 17
IDEAS INSTRUMENTS
INSTITUTIONS
INTERESTS
INDIVIDUALS
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The integration of science and policy: an “issue-centric” perspective 18
IDEAS INSTRUMENTS
INTERESTS
ISSUE
IMPACTS INSTITUTIONS
INDIVIDUALS
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The Scientific Method: A simplistic perspective 19
ASK A QUESTION
FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS
PERFORM AN EXPERIMENT
COLLECT & ANALYZE DATA
DRAW CONCLUSIONS
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The Scientific Method: A more sophisticated perspective 20
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY
TESTING IDEAS BENEFITS AND OUTCOMES
COMMUNITY ANALYSIS AND FEEDBACK
Source: Adapted from < www.understandingscience.org >.
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Norms of Scientific Community 21
Communalism – results are openly shared, common property Universalism – results are universally valid; all can contribute Disinterestedness – knowledge pursued for its own sake not personal gain Originality – novelty (and primacy) are rewarded Skepticism – all results subject to scrutiny, replication Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Integration viewed as a discrete event 22
Policy stream
Decision point
Science stream
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Integration requires early and ongoing interactions 23
Policy stream
Interaction Point
Interaction Point
Interaction Point
Interaction Point
Science stream
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
The Full Life Cycle of Science Policy: …policy for science for policy for science for policy… 24
Policy for Science
Integration of Science and Policy
Science for Policy Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
Discussion
Science
25
P o l i cy Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2012
