Teacher’s Guide

The 5 Senses Dear Educator, our students will make sense of their senses as they read this issue of KIDS DISCOVER. Your young scientists will explore the topics at the right in The 5 Senses.

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This Teacher’s Guide is filled with activity ideas and blackline masters that can help your students understand more about senses and how the senses help everyone understand his or her world. Select or adapt the activities that suit your students’ needs and interests best.

PAGES W H AT ’ S I N THE 2–3 The Senses Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell

4–5 The Mind’s Eye Sight through images of light

6–7 Keeping in Touch The sensitivity of the body’s largest organ

8–9 Ears to Hear The highs and lows of hearing

10–11 What Do You See? Informal test for color blindness

12–13 The Nose Knows Odor detection and its connection to emotions

14–15 Tongues are for Tasting A bittersweet test of taste

Thank you for making KIDS DISCOVER a part of your classroom agenda.

16–17 A Sixth Sense/Robots Make Sense

Sincerely,

18–19 Game Pages

KIDS DISCOVER

5 SENSES

Telepathy, magnetism, and technology of senses Review content with word and picture games and extend content through explorations and reading

P.S. We would enjoy hearing from you. E-mail your comments and ideas to [email protected]

• IN THIS TEACHER’S GUIDE • Meeting the Standards ✔ Life Science Characteristics of Organisms ✔ Visit www.kidsdiscover.com/standards to find out more about how KIDS DISCOVER meets state and national standards.

2 Prereading Activities 3 Get Set to Read (Anticipation Guide) 4 Discussion and Writing Questions 5–6 It’s in the Reading (Reading Comprehension) 7 Everything Visual (Graphic Skills) 8 Cross-Curricular Extensions 9–12 Answer Keys to Blackline Masters

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THE 5 SENSES 1

PREREADING ACTIVITIES

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o get students thinking about how this topic relates to their interests and lives, ask: ✔ How do your senses of smell and taste work together to help you enjoy a meal? ✔ What senses do you use to play video games?

Concept map

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xplain to students that they will be reading The 5 Senses. Ask: What are some words related to the senses? List students’ responses on the board. (See box below for some terms they may suggest.) After creating a list, ask students to group the words into categories based on the senses—Sight, Hearing, Touch, Taste, and Smell. Create a concept map by writing senses on the board and circling it. Write the categories around the circle and draw lines between the ideas to show the connections. Then list examples and write the words from the list around the appropriate categories. Encourage students to add more words to the concept map as they read The 5 Senses.

KEY TERMS ✔images ✔light ✔pupil ✔lens ✔tears ✔temperature ✔epidermis ✔dermis

✔deaf ✔eardrum ✔vibrations ✔echolocation ✔color blindness ✔nasal cavity ✔mucus

✔salty ✔bitter ✔sour ✔sweet ✔extrasensory perception ✔magnetism ✔robots

,

activate

Get Set to Read (Anticipation Guide)

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opy and distribute the Get Set to Read blackline master (page 3 of this Teacher’s Guide). Explain to students that this Anticipation Guide will help them find out what they know and what misconceptions they have about the topic. Get Set to Read is a list of statements—some true, some false. Ask students to write whether they think each statement is true or false in the Before Reading column. Be sure to tell students that it is not a test and they will not be graded on their answers. The activity can be completed in a variety of ways for differentiated instruction: ◆ Have students work on their own or in small groups to complete the entire page. ◆ Assign pairs of students to focus on two statements and to become “experts” on these topics. ◆ Ask students to complete the Before Reading column on their own, and then tabulate the class’s answers on the chalkboard, on an overhead transparency, or on your classroom computer. ◆ Review the statements orally with the entire class. If you predict that students will need assistance finding the answers, complete the Page Number column before copying Get Set to Read.

Preview

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istribute The 5 Senses and model how to preview it. Examine titles, headings, words in boldface, pictures, charts, and captions. Then have students add new information to the concept map. If students will only be reading a few pages at one sitting, preview only the selected pages.

BE WORD WISE WITH POWER VOCABULARY!

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ou have exclusive access to additional resources including Power Vocabulary blackline masters for every available KIDS DISCOVER title! These activities introduce students to 15 specialized and general-use vocabulary words from each KIDS DISCOVER title. Working with both types of words helps students develop vocabulary, improve comprehension, and read fluently. Follow the links from your Teacher’s Toolbox CD-ROM and find your title to access these valuable resources:

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Vocabulary cards Crossword puzzle Word find Matching Cloze sentences Dictionary list

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KIDS DISCOVER • 149 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor • New York, NY 10010 • T: 212–677–4457 • F: 212–353–8030 © KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 2

Name ____________________________________________ Date _________________

Get Set to Read What do you know about the senses and how they work? In Before Reading, write true if you think the statement is true. Write false if you think the statement is not true. Then read KIDS DISCOVER The 5 Senses. Check back to find out if you were correct. Write the correct answer and its page number. CHALLENGE: Rewrite each false sentence in a way that makes it true. Before Reading

_____________

After Reading 1. People experience life through their

Page Number

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

senses. _____________ _____________

2. Light enters the eye through the

lens. 3. In most people, the eyes provide

_____________

about 10 percent of the information the brain receives. 4. The skin can sense touch, pressure,

_____________

heat, cold, and pain. 5. The loudness of sound is measured

_____________

in wavelengths. 6. Some color-blind people cannot see

_____________

the difference between red and green. 7. When you no longer smell

_____________

something after a while, you are said to have odor fatigue. 8. The four basic tastes are sweet, sour,

_____________

spicy, and bitter. 9. Some animals may find their way

_____________

during migrations by sensing telepathy. 10. Technology has made robots that

can see available.

© KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 3

DISCUSSION & WRITING QUESTIONS se the following questions as discussion starters or for writing prompts for journals. For additional in-class discussion and U writing questions, adapt the questions on the reading comprehension blackline masters on pages 5 and 6. Cover Before students read The 5 Senses, have them look at the cover. Ask: ✔ What part of the body has the organs for sight, hearing, smell, and taste? Pages 2–3 People experience the world through their senses. Ask: ✔ What role do the senses play in helping to form memories? ✔ Give examples in which a sense is temporarily lost. ✔ How is the color vision of cats different from that of most people? Pages 4–5 The eyes are organs of vision. Ask: ✔ What does the retina do? ✔ Why do some illustrations play tricks on the eyes? ✔ How do tears help protect the eyes? Pages 6–7 The skin has sensors that enable people to feel. Ask: ✔ How large is the skin of an adult male? ✔ What are some functions of the skin?

Pages 12–13 Odors connect with emotions. Ask: ✔ How do the nose and brain process odors? ✔ What is odor fatigue? ✔ How were coal miners able to determine whether levels of gas were dangerous? Pages 14–15 Flavor is detected through the senses of taste and smell. Ask: ✔ What are the four basic tastes? ✔ Why might the body crave certain foods? ✔ How do sight, hearing, and touch contribute to the sense of taste? Pages 16–17 The possibility of a sixth sense and robots are explored. Ask: ✔ What is extrasensory perception? ✔ How might migrating animals use magnetism? ✔ What are robots? All pages After students read the issue, ask: ✔ Identify three facts you have learned about the senses in this issue of KIDS DISCOVER.

✔ What is the skin able to sense? Pages 8–9 The sense of hearing processes sounds. Ask: ✔ What is sound? ✔ How do the brain and ears work together to make hearing possible? ✔ What sounds can damage hearing? Pages 10–11 An informal test has fun with color perception. Ask: ✔ Did you see the difference between the colors?

Have a student name objects, such as pies, bells, and feathers. Other students can identify the senses used to experience the object.

✔ What numbers did you see?

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THE 5 SENSES 4

Name ____________________________________________ Date _________________

It’s in the Reading After reading KIDS DISCOVER The 5 Senses, choose the best answer for each question. Fill in the circle.

Find your answers on the pages shown in the book icon next to each question.

1. Which sense might be less efficient in a dark room? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. hearing B. sight C. smell D. touch

2 3

2. Through which part of the eye does light enter the eye? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. pupil B. lens C. iris D. retina

4 5

3. What do the eyes’ cones enable you to do? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. see movement B. see things that are up close C. see color D. see shades of gray

4 5

4. What is the area of an adult male’s skin? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. about 2 square feet B. about 6 square feet C. about 12 square feet D. about 20 square feet

6 7

5. What is in a mosquito bite that causes it to itch? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. mosquito saliva B. blood C. swelling D. stylets from the mosquito’s mouth

© KIDS DISCOVER

6 7

THE 5 SENSES 5

It’s in the Reading

(continued)

6. Which of these activities would produce the loudest sound? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. conversation B. ticking clock C. a horse galloping D. a jet landing

8 9

7. What can you say about the sound waves of an instrument that makes high-pitched sounds? A. The wavelengths are long. B. The wavelengths are short. C. The peaks and valleys of the waves are close together. D. The peaks and valleys of the waves are far apart.

❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

8 9

8. What is the first step that results in a person smelling a scent? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. Tiny hairs on olfactory cells turn odors into electrical impulses. B. The smell center in the brain receives impulses. C. Odor molecules get stuck in mucus on olfactory cells. D. Impulses travel to olfactory bulbs.

12 13

9. Which of these would you taste at the front of the tongue? ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

A. lemon juice B. vinegar C. ice cream D. pickle juice

14 15

10.

Which of these cannot be done with one of the five senses? ❍ A. observe a space launch ❍ B. tell what someone’s thinking ❍ C. listen to a symphony ❍ D. enjoy a meal

11.

16 17

Why is the ability to feel pain important?

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ © KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 6

Name ____________________________________________ Date _________________

Everything Visual In The 5 Senses, labeled diagrams show information about the eye, skin, and ear. Use the diagrams and the accompanying captions on pages 4, 6, and 9 to answer these questions.

1. What does the pupil do? Why do you think the pupil dilates, or gets larger, when there is less light?

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2.

What is behind the iris and pupil inside the eye?

______________________________________________________________________________

3. What does the lens do? ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Where are the sense receptors located in skin? ______________________________________________________________________________

5.

How are touch receptors and cold receptors different?

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. What do sound waves cause the eardrum to do? ______________________________________________________________________________

7. Why is part of the ear diagram enclosed in a dotted square? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

8. What does the cochlea do? Then what happens? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ © KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 7

CROSS-CURRICULAR EXTENSIONS

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Science and Art

◆ Have students find out more about color blindness by answering these questions: What types of color blindness are there? Who is most likely to be color-blind? Is color blindness inherited?

◆ The eye and ears have intricate structures. Suggest that students build models of the eye or ear. Encourage them to explain the purpose of each structure on a poster to display with their models.

Language Arts

Language Arts

◆ An idiom is an expression that has a different meaning than the meaning of its individual words. Sense-related idioms abound in English. Introduce several sense-related idioms. Have students discuss their meanings and use them in sentences. Idioms you might include are blind as a bat, ears are burning, easy on the eyes, hear a pin drop, stop and smell the roses, leave a bad taste in one’s mouth, and wouldn’t touch with a ten-foot pole. Encourage students to find examples of other idioms with sense-related terms.

◆ Many words related to the senses and the sense organs are homographs and multiple-meaning words. Homographs are words that have the same spelling but different meanings. Multiplemeaning words have more than one meaning. Have students look up the following words and provide sense-related definitions and at least one other definition for each. Use the words iris, pupil, skin, hammer, anvil, stirrup, smell, taste, salty, and sweet.

Music Social Studies ◆ Helen Keller is one person who overcame the loss of sight and hearing by using her other senses to help her understand the world. Encourage students to find out more about Helen Keller and to present the information in an oral report. You might have students view the film The Miracle Worker as an introduction to Helen Keller.

◆ MP3 players enable users to personalize music choices for listening. Encourage students to make a list of their top ten music choices they would program into their MP3 players. Ask students to explain why they chose each piece of music.

Home Economics ◆ Have students give a sniff test for discriminating smells. Have students collect a variety of substances—spices, foods, and plants—with distinctive odors for example. They might place cinnamon sticks, onion slices, garlic, and flower petals, for example, in small numbered dishes. They should make a chart identifying each substance by number. They blindfold subjects and ask them to smell and identify each substance. Can students name that smell? Encourage students to tally responses.

Have interested students read KIDS DISCOVER Blood, Bones, and Brain for more information about the human body.

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THE 5 SENSES 8

ANSWER KEY

Name ____________________________________________ Date _________________

Get Set to Read What do you know about the senses and how they work? In Before Reading, write true if you think the statement is true. Write false if you think the statement is not true. Then read KIDS DISCOVER The 5 Senses. Check back to find out if you were correct. Write the correct answer and its page number. CHALLENGE: Rewrite each false sentence in a way that makes it true. Before Reading

_____________

After Reading 1. People experience life through their

Page Number

True

p. 2

False

p. 4

False

p. 4

True

p. 6

False

p. 8

True

p. 10

True

p. 12

False

p. 14

False

p. 16

True

p. 16

senses. _____________

2. Light enters the eye through the lens

pupil. _____________

3. In most people, the eyes provide

about 10 80 percent of the information the brain receives. _____________

4. The skin can sense touch, pressure,

heat, cold, and pain. _____________

5. The loudness of sound is measured

in wavelengths decibels. _____________

6. Some color-blind people cannot see

the difference between red and green. _____________

7. When you no longer smell

something after a while, you are said to have odor fatigue. _____________

8. The four basic tastes are sweet, sour,

spicy salty, and bitter. _____________

9. Some animals may find their way

during migrations by sensing telepathy magnetism. _____________

10. Technology has made robots that

can see available.

© KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 9

ANSWER KEY

Name ____________________________________________ Date _________________

It’s in the Reading After reading KIDS DISCOVER Bees, choose the best answer for each question. Fill in the circle

Find your answers on the pages shown in the book icon next to each question.

1. Which sense might be less efficient in a dark room? ❍ A. hearing ● B. sight (draw conclusion) ❍ C. smell ❍ D. touch

2 3

2. Through which part of the eye does light enter the eye? ● A. pupil (details) ❍ B. lens ❍ C. iris ❍ D. retina

4 5

3. What do the eyes’ cones enable you to do? ❍ A. see movement ❍ B. see things that are up close ● C. see color (details) ❍ D. see shades of gray

4 5

4. What is the area of an adult male’s skin? ❍ A. about 2 square feet ❍ B. about 6 square feet ❍ C. about 12 square feet ● D. about 20 square feet (details)

6 7

5. What is in a mosquito bite that causes it to itch? ● A. mosquito saliva (cause and effect) ❍ B. blood ❍ C. swelling ❍ D. stylets from the mosquito’s mouth

© KIDS DISCOVER

6 7

THE 5 SENSES 10

It’s in the Reading

(continued)

6. Which of these activities would produce the loudest sound? ❍ A. conversation ❍ B. ticking clock ❍ C. a horse galloping ● D. a jet landing (comparison and contrast)

8 9

7. What can you say about the sound waves of an instrument that makes high-pitched sounds? ❍ A. The wavelengths are long. ● B. The wavelengths are short. (generalization) ❍ C. The peaks and valleys of the waves are close together. ❍ D. The peaks and valleys of the waves are far apart.

8 9

8. What is the first step that results in a person smelling a scent? ❍ A. Tiny hairs on olfactory cells turn odors into electrical impulses. ❍ B. The smell center in the brain receives impulses. ● C. Odor molecules get stuck in mucus on olfactory cells. (sequence) ❍ D. Impulses travel to olfactory bulbs.

12 13

9. Which of these would you taste at the front of the tongue? ❍ A. lemon juice ❍ B. vinegar ● C. ice cream (inference) ❍ D. pickle juice

10.

Which of these cannot be done with one of the five senses?

❍ A. observe a space launch ● B. tell what someone’s thinking (inference) ❍ C. listen to a symphony ❍ D. enjoy a meal

11.

14 15

16 17

Why is the ability to feel pain important?

Essay: Students may note that pain is a warning signal that lets a person know that something is wrong.

© KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 11

ANSWER KEY

Name ____________________________________________ Date _________________

Everything Visual In The 5 Senses, labeled diagrams show information about the eye, skin, and ear. Use the diagrams and the accompanying captions on pages 4, 6, and 9 to answer these questions.

1. What does the pupil do? Why do you think the pupil dilates, or gets larger, when there is less light? The pupil lets light into the eye. It dilates to collect more light when there is little light available.

2.

What is behind the iris and pupil inside the eye? the lens

3. What does the lens do? The lens focuses the image upside down on the retina.

4. Where are the sense receptors located in skin? in the dermis

5.

How are touch receptors and cold receptors different? They are different shapes and located in different levels of the dermis.

6. What do sound waves cause the eardrum to do? The sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate.

7. Why is part of the ear diagram enclosed in a dotted square? The dotted square shows the area of the ear that is enlarged in a separate diagram.

8. What does the cochlea do? Then what happens? The cochlea converts vibrations into electrical impulses, which then travel along the cochlear nerve to the brain.

© KIDS DISCOVER

THE 5 SENSES 12