Name:

Year 10 Revision for R.S Exam

Date of exam:

Topics on the mock exam will be: Our world, Relationships, God life & death, Is it fair

Key words

Word

Key words: These will always be TWO mark questions so make sure you can give examples to get the second mark!

Definition

Example/ Development

Prejudice

Judging someone before you know them

e.g. judging someone because of their choice of clothing

Discrimination

Treating someone differently

e.g. not giving someone a job because she is a woman

God Contraception

Justice Dominion Identity Responsibility Vocation

Religious beliefs/ teachings Religious views and teachings: you will need to know all of this for the 4, 6 and 8 marks questions.  The 6 marks questions will ask you to EXPLAIN religious teachings ‘Explain the teaching from one/ two religious traditions on ....’  o o o

You will need to USE your knowledge of religious teachings to answer the 4 & 8 mark questions; ‘.....................’ Give two reasons why a religious person might agree or disagree with this (4) ‘Explain how having a religious faith might influence how .......................’ (4) ‘..............’ Do you agree? Give reasons, include more than one point of view AND religious views (8)

Same sex relationships Christian attitudes:  Roman Catholics are quite traditional in their belief that marriage should be between a man and a woman. The Bible tells us that God wants us to ‘be fruitful and multiply’ which is why Catholics see marriage as a union between a man and woman.  Many other Christians are quite welcoming, and accepting of same sex couples  Jesus showed compassion towards everyone, and didn’t discriminate, so many would say that we should follow the example of Jesus and treat everyone equally  Many priests will happy to bless a same sex marriage, and some would marry a same sex couple in a church (the law now says same sex couples CAN marry)  Another branch of Christianity- the Quaker, have been welcoming same sex couples for approximately 2 decades. Muslim attitudes:  Same sex marriages are not allowed  Muslims view sexual intercourse as an act of worship that fulfils their partners’ needs AND produces children (so humans can contribute towards Allah’s creation). Sex is a gift from Allah and can only take place within a married relationship.

Vocation Vocation is one way that someone might respond to God. Vocation is the idea of a ‘calling’. Sometimes in life people feel that they have been ‘called’ to do a certain job, sometimes religious people feel God has chosen a certain path for them. For example, a Christian may feel that their vocation in life, their ‘calling’, is to become a priest. Another example would be Mother Teresa, who dedicated her life to helping less fortunate people. She felt she had been called to do that job, and that she was helping Jesus. If a religious person felt that they had been called to do a certain job then they would most probably take that very seriously!

Life after death Muslim beliefs about the afterlife  All Muslims believe in life after death (this is known as ‘akhirah’)  Muslims believe that on a day decided by Allah, and known only to Allah, life on earth will come to an end and Allah will destroy everything. On this day all the people who have ever lived will be raised from the dead and will face judgement by Allah. Muslims believe that they will remain in their graves until this day.  Allah will look at all the good deeds and bad deeds the person has done in their life.  If the good deeds outweigh the bad, the person will go to paradise (Jannah), a place of joy and bliss.  If the bad things outweigh the good, then the person will be punished in hell (Jahannam). When Allah is making a judgement, even a person’s intentions are taken into account.  Islam also teaches that Allah is forgiving; even people who have lived bad lives will be able to enter paradise when they have been punished and shown themselves to be truly sorry.

Christian beliefs about the afterlife o All Christians believe there is an afterlife, but they don’t believe exactly the same. o When we die; the body is buried or cremated and our souls go on to heaven or hell. o Some Christians think you need to have lived a good life according to Jesus’s teachings, so only those who have ‘accepted’ Jesus can go to Heaven o Other Christians might say that to get to Heaven you must have responded well to those in need and ‘made up’ for your sins. o Some Christians believe that in the future Jesus will return to earth for a ‘final judgement’, where everybody will be judged. Those who have lived in a loving way towards others in line with Jesus’s teachings will receive eternal life in heaven on earth, and those who have not will receive eternal punishment. The kingdom of heaven will be on earth and the dead will be resurrected. This is why some Christians may choose to be buried rather than cremated. o Heaven and Hell are mentioned in the Bible, they are not really described. o Some believe that Heaven is a physical place, where their body goes after death (another reason why some Christians would opt for burial rather than cremation). This could be some form of ‘paradise’ free from pain and suffering. Others believe that it is their soul that lives on, and that heaven is simply a state of being united with God. o Some Christians believe that Hell is a place of suffering, pain and punishment, whereas others (and perhaps most) believe that Hell is a state of being separated from God for eternity. o Catholics believe in something called PURGATORY. Purgatory is a state after death, for people who are not pure enough to go straight to Heaven. They stay in Purgatory until they are free from sin. Catholics call Purgatory ‘the final purification’; it allows people to free themselves of sin so that they may go to Heaven.

The Soul Christians believe that: - We all have a soul - The soul is the non-physical part of us that ‘lives on’ after we die - Humans have souls, but animals don’t - The soul makes us who we are - The soul is the part of us that allows us to have a relationship with God

The environment Christians and Muslims believe that God gave humans the responsibility to look after the world (Stewardship). Christians believe they are ‘stewards’ who should look after the world. Muslims believe they are ‘vice-regents’ (or ‘Khalifahs) who are guardians of the planet. As a result of this Christians and Muslims will try to do their bit to help look after the world. This could be simple everyday tasks such as recycling; not using too much energy in the home, or it could be bigger things like the example of Chico Mendes. Chico Mendes was born in December 1944 in Brazil. He was a Christian and he cared about the environment. Some cattle ranchers started to cut down the trees, Chico didn’t like this and so he protested against. He also worked as a rubber tapper- this meant he took the sap from the inside of a tree but without destroying the tree. In the end he was killed outside his home in 1988.

Marriage: Should the couple marry in a place of worship?

Yes because...

No because...

Divorce

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Islam Allah ‘hates’ divorce Family should try to help the couple resolve any issues It is allowed as a LAST resort, remarriage is permitted There should be a three month separation period before the couple can get divorced

Christianity - Though divorce is not ideal (breaking the vows made in front of God), many Christians will accept divorce - Remarriage is allowed but preferred not to be in a church CATHOLIC VIEW: marriage is a sacrament, promises are made in front of god and so Divorce is not accepted. However, divorce is allowed for special reasons such as someone being forced into the marriage.

Judaism - Divorce is allowed, though a husband has to give his wife a ‘get’ (document) for the couple to be divorced - Marriage is an important part of life and so remarriage is allowed - But if a man refuses to give his wife the ‘get’ the woman cannot remarry

Contraception o Roman Catholics believe that contraception is not natural as it prevents the creation of life. Sex is gift from God and allows for reproduction. The only acceptable form of contraception is the rhythm method (having sex when the woman is not fertile). o Most other Christians believe that although sex is a gift from God that should be saved for marriage, contraception can be used to make sure all children conceived are planned and wanted o Muslims believe that people should be married and have children. However, Islam generally accepts contraception: • • • •

If the mother’s health would be put at risk by becoming pregnant If there is a chance that a child could be born mentally or physically disabled If the family cannot afford to bring up a child Muslim couples cannot use contraception without the consent of the wife

o Some Muslims are opposed to contraception, saying Allah has a plan for everyone so it is wrong to interfere to prevent the birth of a child

Creation Christianity (and Judaism)  God created the world ex-nihilo (from nothing) in six days and rested on the 7th  Day 1- God made day and night, Day 2- sky, land & sea, Day 3- plants & trees, Day 4- sun, moon & stars, Day 5- fish & birds, Day 6- plants & animals  The bible says that God made Eve from one of Adams ribs, but not all Christians agree that this actually happened as some take a ‘non-literal’ view of the Bible (some details might not be true)

Wealth and giving to charity Islam - Wealth is a gift from Allah - It is a duty to help others - Gambling is not acceptable - Sharing and not being greedy will be rewarded on the day of judgement

Christianity -

Wealth is a gift from God Money does not give your life meaning Gambling is wrong Wealth should be shared with others Generosity will be rewarded with a place in heaven

WHY might religious people give to charity?

Equality • • • • •

•

Islam Everyone is equal but not the same Everyone was created by Allah The prophet Muhammad showed that everyone should be treated equally The Ummah (Muslim brotherhood) accepts Muslims from all cultures and races Muslims SHOW that everyone is equal by standing shoulder to shoulder during prayer and wearing Ihram (white clothing) during the Hajj BUT men and women sit separately at mosque and women are not expected to wear Ihram during the Hajj

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•

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• •

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Christianity Everyone is equal because all humans come from Adam and Eve AND all humans were created in Gods image Jesus told the story of the Good Samaritan which tells us we should be kind to everyone Jesus helped lepers and outcasts, befriended women- this shows the importance of equality He cured 10 men with leprosy Jesus spoke with people who at that time were considered enemies to the Jewish people (Samaritans) BUT Women can’t be priests in the Roman Catholic Church

People/ organisations who have worked for justice Martin Luther King Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who founded a worldwide organization called the Missionaries of Charity. She believed that what she was doing was directly helping Jesus. Her aim was to “to care for the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind… people that have become a burden to the society” Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her work with the ‘poorest of the poor’ all around the world but particularly in Calcutta, India.

Animals What does Christianity say? 





As humans have souls and animals do not, this is a reason why humans are more ‘superior’ than animals God made animals for humans to use; the Bible says humans have control over animals… another reason why humans are more superior to animals. Humans have a duty to look after Gods creation- if animals are part of God’s creation they should look after animals too. Because of this Christians would generally say It is OK to use animals for food and for testing medicines on when necessary, but animals should not be used for sport

SOME Christians may choose to be vegetarians because they might argue that animals and humans are all part of God’s creation and should have the same rights

What does Islam say?  The Qur’an teaches that animals have feelings and are part of Allah’s plan. Muslims have a responsibility to care for God’s creation (this includes animals). However humans are the ‘higher’ part of God’s creation and are allowed to use animals.  Muslims believe that it is OK to use animals for food but farm animals should be cared for  When animals are killed for food they must be killed in a particular way (this is so it is quick and not too painful for the animals)  Hunting is only allowed for food and not as a sport  It is OK to use animals to test medicines on when necessary, but testing cosmetics on animals is not OK

Key Issues

Be prepared… sometimes a question might ask you about an ‘issue’ that you may not have discussed. You will need to APPLY what you have learnt to this type of a question

How religious is British society? -

Many people ARE religious People do still attend religious places of worship Many people follow their religious beliefs quite strictly The UK is a very diverse society with many different religious beliefs BUT perhaps as a whole society is ‘less religious’ now There has been some level of decline in the amount of people going to religious buildings Some religious people aren’t very strict in following every teaching of their religion

Is religion valuable in today’s society?

How do religious people worship?

Christianity - Reading the bible - Praying - Going to Church - Celebrating festivals such as Easter

Islam - Reading the Qur’an - Praying (5 times a day) - Going to mosque - Celebrating festivals such as Eid

Should people pray in public or in private? Pray in public because...   

There are objects and symbols in religious buildings that can help people to focus You can worship with other religious believers Worship doesn’t have to be just prayer- it can even be things like singing

Pray in private because...   

There are less distractions so it is easier to concentrate Worship is a private thing between you and God, so do it in the privacy of your own home The sermon on the mount teaches that we don’t need to make a big fuss when we worship- only God needs to know

How is religion shown in the media? • • • • • •

Religious programmes on TV: the ‘God slot’ is usually Sunday morning/ early evening. E.g. Songs of Praise (over 5 million viewers each Sunday) The Big Questions is a discussion based programme on BBC (Sundays) with a studio audience discussing religious and moral issues. Documentaries on Religion/ Religious issues Stories about Religion reported in the News Religious characters in soaps, films. E.g. Eastenders (Dot Cotton, the Masoods), Simpsons (Apu), Vicar of Dibley etc. Religious issues in programs. E.g. Topics like Euthanasia dealt with in soaps Is religion always shown in a fair way? Yes because… - There are of serious religious programmes, e.g. documentaries - Many programmes portray religion in a positive way - Opportunities (e.g. in soaps) where important religious and moral issues are examined. No because… - Many programmes use religion for comedy (e.g. Vicar of Dibley) - Religious characters in soaps are often ‘odd’ characters - Religious programmes are not on at prime time - Religion is often portrayed quite negatively, e.g... Islam - In a 2007 study; Research into one week's news coverage showed that 91% of articles in national newspapers about Muslims were negative.

Should same sex couples marry in places of worship? YES - Many holy books tell us to treat everyone equally and with respect - Why not if they love each other and are committed? - The law has now changed and allows it - Many religious leaders would be prepared to marry a same sex couple

NO - If religions are against same sex relationships it is wrong for same sex couples to marry in the place of worship - Catholics see marriage as between man and woman - Should be up to the individual leader if they are willing to marry a same sex couple

Practise questions 1.

Explain what religious believers mean by the term ‘God’ (2 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Explain how having a religious faith might influence someone’s attitude towards contraception (4 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. ‘Animals have no rights’ Give two reasons why a religious believer might agree OR disagree with this (4) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Explain from two religious traditions the teaching on life after death (6 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Select key words I can use in my answer What do I think and why? Apply religious beliefs What is the other point of view? Offer religious beliefs So? I need to come to a ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… conclusion

5. ‘It is much better to worship in private than in public’ do you agree? Give reasons or evidence for your answer, showing you have thought about more than one point of view. You must refer to religious beliefs (8 marks)

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