International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering Available Online at www.ijecse.org

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ISSN- 2277-1956

Yagi Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS and Mobile Communication Kavita Nayak 1 , D.K. Srivastava 2 , J.P Saini 3 Department of Electronic & communication Engineering Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi (U.P.) 3 Department of Electronic & communication Engineering 3 Madan Mohan Malviya Engineering College Gorakhpur (U.P) 1 [email protected], [email protected] and 3 [email protected] 1,2

Abstract- This paper presents a Wide Bandwidth Microstrip Yagi antenna with very good performance at two operating frequencies (1.128GHz and 1.986GHz).This microstrip antenna works on two band of frequencies .The first band lies between 1.06 GHz to 1.196 GHz and it resonates at 1.128 GHz frequency then its calculated bandwidth is 12.05% and the second band is lies between 1.621GHz to 2.351GHz and it resonates at 1.986 GHz frequency then its calculated bandwidth is 36.75%.Numerical simulation results of our design show more than (-10 to -25) dB return loss at the bands of (1.128 and 1.986) GHz and VSWR less than 2 at these frequencies.The simulation method based on finite ground plane method is applied by using IE3D simulator to obtain the optimized parameters in order to find the best design for this antenna. Simulated result of the proposed antenna is shown in figure below and use in GPS and mobil communication. Keywords: Yagi microstrip antenna, Microstrip feed line, Wide bandwidth, Finite ground plane, Return loss, IE3D.

I. INTRODUCTION [1,2] Due to the increasing demand for low profile, light weight, low cost, and easy integration into arrays and microwave integrated circuits, microstrip patch antennas have been one of the most innovative developments in antenna research in recent years. However, Yagi arrays have disadvantages because they are bulky, thus being unsuitable for compact integration with microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) and RF circuitry due to their size. Various efforts attempting to combine the directional characteristics of the Yagi arrays with the advantages of microstrip antennas , such as printed Yagi antenna.[3] Microstrip antennas have several advantages compared to other bulky type of antennas. Some of the main advantages of microstrip antennas are it can be easily be mounted on rockets, missiles and satellites without major modifications and arrays of these antennas can simply be produced. However, microstrip antennas have some drawbacks including narrow bandwidth, low power handling capability and low gain. But with technology advancement and extensive research into this area these problems are being gradually overcome. [4] The band width of microstrip patch antenna can be improved by reducing Q (quality factor) of the equivalent circuit, which can be obtained by increasing the thickness ‘h’ of the substrate, reducing the dielectric constant ‘Єr’of the substrate material, [4] by cutting the slots in the patch and the ground plane and also inserting the microstrip feed line technique.

II. DESIGN AND SIMULATION The geometry of simulated antenna is shown in figure (1). The antenna size is 85mm×80mm. We design yagi shape patch antenna and square slot cut on ground plane according to figure (1).The slot size is 20mm×20mm and reflector ,driven element and director is replaced here by patches. The length of the patches and spacing between these patches is taken by the rules of making of yagi uda anenna. The length of the reflector patch is 73 mm and driven element patch is 47 mm and the director patch length is 19 mm and the spacing between reflector and the driven element is 12.5 mm and spacing between the driven element and director is 16.5 mm. The dielectric constant of substrate is around 4.2. The substrate thickness is 1.6mm and loss tangent is 0.0013. For feeding in yagi microstrip antenna we use microstrip feed line technique. The feed location points are (x, y=47,10) and the feed dimensions are 8×10 mm. For calculate the bandwidth of the antenna some formulas are present here-

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IJECSE,Volume1,Number 4 Kavita Nayak et al.

BW = VSWR-1 / Q√VSWR Here Q is quality factor VSWR is voltage standing wave ratio BWbroadband = fh / fL BWbroadband (%) = [ fh - fL / fr] *100 fh -Higher Frequency fl - Lower Frequency fr - Resonance Frequency

Figure (1): Antenna design for proposed microstrip antenna III. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULT A. SIMULATION RESULT- A microstrip antenna was simulated by using the IE3D simulation software. [5] Simulated return loss and smith chart characteristics were shown in figure (2) and figure (3) respectively. This proposed antenna works at dual band of frequency at 1.128 GHz resonance frequency the calculated bandwidth is 12.05% and at the resonance frequency of 1.986 GHz the Bandwidth is 36.75% calculated after reach return-loss. The band width is calculated at the frequency range where the return loss (S11) is approximately -10db or below. Here return loss graph touch the maximum limit of -27db. The simulated radiation patterns, at the resonant frequency, are shown in Figs. (2-7)

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2615 Yagi Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS and Mobile Communication

Figure (2): Frequency Vs Return loss

Figure (4): VSWR for the proposed antenna

Figure (6): Directivity Vs. Freq.

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Figure (3): Smith chart

Figure (5): Gain Vs. Freq. for the proposed antenna

Figure (7):A.2D diagram of radiation pattern

IJECSE,Volume1,Number 4 Kavita Nayak et al.

Figure (7):B. 2D diagram of radiation pattern

Figure (8): 3D diagram of radiation pattern

B. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT- The new microstrip yagi antenna was fabricated and tested as shown in figure (9). The simulated and measured return loss is shown in Figure (10). The experimental measured bandwidth is 32.08% at the resonance frequency of 2.026 GHz lies between band of 1.701GHz to 2.351GHz and the return loss graph touch the line of -25 db.

Figure (9): Setup for the measurement

Figure (10): Comparison between Simulation and Experimental result IV. CONCLUSION

Numerical simulation and experimental results of our design show -25 dB return loss at the bands of (1.621, 2.351) GHz and VSWR less than 2 at these frequencies and achieve wide bandwidth. This proposed antenna can be used in GPS and mobil communication applications. Measured gain of the proposed antenna is 3.8dBi and the measured directivity of the antenna is 10.3dBi.

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2617 Yagi Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS and Mobile Communication References [1]

[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Design And Development Of A Novel Compact Soft-SurfaceStructure For Performance Improvement And Size Reduction Of A MicrostripYagi Array Antenna by Trang Thuy Thai , School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology May 2008. A Novel Ultra Wide Band Yagi Microstrip Antenna For Wireless Applications journal Of Theoretical And Applied Information Technology © 2005 - 2010 Jatit&Lls. All Rights Reserved. “Handbook of Microstrip Antennas” edited by J R James and P S Hall, Published by: Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, United Kingdom “Microstirp Antenna Design Handbook” edited by Ramesh Garg , Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bhal , Apisak Ittipiboon Artech House Boston London. IE3D 12.32, Zeland Software, Freemont, CA, USA Chen, C. A. and D. K Cheng, \Optimum element lengths for Yagi- Uda arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 23, Jan. 1975. Zhang, X. C., J. G. Liang, and J. W. Xie, \The Quasi-Yagi antenna subarrat fed by an orthogonal T junction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 4, 109{112, 2008}.

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