WWI: In A Glance

WWI: The Great War 1914-1918

WWI: The Seeds of War ♣What leads to WWI? Industrial Revolution Imperialism Nationalism

WWI: The Assassination 28 June, 1914 In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia – an area that shared culture and language with Serbia… Since that time some Serbians wanted to free their “brethren” from Austrian rule. The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (and his wife) was caused by The Black Hand, a Serbian Nationalist group.

Alliances… The Assassination…

As a political statement, the` Black Hand decided to kill the Archduke of Austria.

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WWI: The Assassination 28 June, 1914

WWI: The War Begins

While in a parade in Sarajevo (the capitol of Bosnia) the Archduke was assassinated. The assassination started out unsuccessful, with the first six attempts failing. Luck turned in the assassins’ favor however when the car carrying the archduke took a wrong turn. The seventh assassin, who was out of place, found himself with the opportunity to fire; he did, and the archduke was killed…

Tensions between Serbia and Austria rose, and at the same time Austria sends a strong message to the other ethnic minority groups in their area… Don’t even think about rebelling!

WWI: The War on Land By August 1914 the powers of Europe had lined up against each other… Central Powers - Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Allied Powers - Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium *Japan *Montenegro

WWI: The War on Land Drawn up in 1905 by Alfred von Schlieffen, the Schlieffen plan called for Germany to invade France first… Take them out of the war quickly so that they wouldn’t be fighting a war on both of their sides (France and Russia)… German progress was slower than expected due to terrain and resistance…

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WWI: The War on Land

WWI: The War on Land The Battle of the Marne

What ends up developing is what Germany feared…

A Western Front

♣ Marne – Sept. 5-10, 1914

French and German troops collide in northeastern France… After 4 days of shelling the French were able to push the Germans back 50 miles from Paris… German retreat from the area signals the end to the Schlieffen Plan.

An Eastern Front

WWI: The War on Land Years of Deadlock The Race to the North Sea results in a long line of trenches… Trenches resulted in a stalemate by November 1914…

WWI: The War on Land Verdun and the Somme Verdun – February, 1916 Germany stages a surprise attack on France at Verdun (a massive fortress in northeastern France on the Meuse River). This battle was one of the longest and bloodiest of the war… More than 750,000 French and German soldiers lost their lives… When fighting stopped the Western Front had only moved 10 miles… Somme – July 15-November 28, 1916 Britain launches an attack against Germany in the valley of the Somme River in northern France… This battle too was inconclusive, but Britain did introduce the tank (with little success)…

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WWI: The War in the Air

WWI: War at Sea

The Training…

The Fighting…

WWI: The Russian Revolution

WWI: US Enters

Due to a revolution in Russia, they back out of the war… Signing a peace treaty with Germany… Even though America wanted to remain neutral, attacks to American trade vessels propel America into the war…

But how do you make America ready for war?

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WWI: New Technology

WWI: Trench Warfare

Casualties were high due to the new technology and trenches… -Soldiers died by shells, snipers, gas, bullets, & bayonets

Trenches emerged during the First World War as a means of defense, primarily from the invention of the machine gun.

- In the battle @ Somme 30,000 British soldiers died in the first 4 hours…

In 1914 weapons development hits its peak:

- A 10 month total @ Verdun saw 1 million killed…

- Shrapnel and evacuation were the big killers…

WWI: Trench Warfare German trenches were better… They were: -Big, Deep, and DRY!!! -They had electricity - Sound-proof doors - Bunk beds and small kitchens

-The French develop a 75mm artillery gun that could be fired without re-aiming… just reload! -The machine gun comes about, originally firing up to 500 rounds per minute @ 2,000 yards… A problem considering generals are still using cavalry charges…

WWI: Trench Warfare Western trenches were poorer… They were: -Wet and muddy… often with setting water -The setting water brought diseases - The trenches were open to noise, weather, shells…

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WWI: Trench Warfare The trench system had many problems… -Rats would feed off of the rotting flesh of the dead - The stench of rotting flesh was everywhere!

- Generals were still fighting the wars of their youth (a.k.a. wars where they would charge the enemy) -WWI battles lasted months… Not days or hours like previous battles

WWI: Peace

WWI: Peace ♣ There was no

one decisive victory to end the war, the German War Machine ground to a halt.

♣ On the 11th

hour, of the 11th day, in the 11th month of the year 1918 a cease-fire was called.

WWI: Peace The Treaty of Versailles

♣ WWI was the bloodiest war to date in which 30 nations participated. Wilson’s 14 points speech

♣1 – 5: causes of the war

♣6-13: boundary

changes drawn along lines of nationality

♣ On Dec. 1918, Wilson and his wife travel to the Versailles Peace

Conference, where America, Germany, France, and Italy attended.

♣ Wilson ends up conceding his 14 points for the League of Nations. ♣ On June 28, 1919, the treaty was signed, making 9 new nations,

redrawing borders, limiting the German army, Germany had to pay reparations and war damages totaling 33 billion dollars, and admit ALL blame for war… Germany finds the treaty outrageous…

♣ The Treaty of Versailles laid the groundwork for WWII ♣14: call for a

“League of Nations”

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WWI: Peace The Treaty of Versailles

WWI: The Fallout Although America joined late, there were still casualties and wounded…

WWI: The Fallout War’s End Numbers by Country: Casualties Others - 25,000 Serbia-Montenegro - 48,000 Bulgaria - 87,000 US - 116,000 Ottoman Empire - 325,000 Romania - 336,000 Italy - 650,000 British Empire - 908,000 Austria-Hungary - 1.2 million France - 1.385 million Russia - 1.7 million Germany - 1.773 million

Wounded Others - 80,000 Serbia-Montenegro - 143,000 Bulgaria - 152,000 US - 234,000 Ottoman Empire - 400,000 Romania - 120,000 Italy - 947,000 British Empire - 2.09 million Austria-Hungary - 3.62 million France - 4.266 million Russia - 4.95 million Germany - 4.216 million

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