Worker Protection Standard Training

WPS Pesticide Handler Safety Training – Vineyards

WPS for Pesticide Handlers – Vineyards Prepared by Betsy Buffington, Extension Program Specialist, Department of Entomology. Contact information: [email protected] or (515) 294-1101.

SLIDE 1.

SCRIPT Welcome to the Worker Protection Standard safety training for handlers of agricultural pesticides. The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a regulation issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is designed to inform & educate employees about the hazards associated with occupational pesticide exposure, and limit employee exposure to pesticides and reduce adverse effects when exposures do occur.

2.

WPS covers both general and restricted use pesticides that are used in the production of agricultural plants on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses.

3.

The Worker Protection Standard is aimed at reducing the risk of pesticide poisonings and injuries among agricultural workers, early-entry workers, and pesticide handlers.

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WPS Handler Safety Training

Objectives: This presentation provides the information required for training pesticide handlers under the EPA Worker Protection Standard (WPS). The WPS lists 13 concepts that must be covered in pesticide handlers safety training. This presentation covers these concepts. Preparation: To conduct this pesticide handler training, you must: currently be a certified applicator of restricted use pesticides; OR currently be designated as a trainer of certified applicators or a trainer of pesticide handlers by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS). Employers need not provide a pesticide handler with WPS safety training if the handler has received WPS handler training within the last 5 years or if the handler currently is trained as a certified applicator of restricted use pesticides. Presenter notes pertaining to individual slides are in [brackets]. Publications The following publications are available from the ISU Extension Distribution Center, https://www.extension.iastate.edu/store/, 515-294-5247. • EPA How To Comply With the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides – What Employers Need to Know. PAT 0012 • Guide for Pesticide Handlers – Protect Yourself from Pesticides. PAT 0017

Worker Protection Standard Training

WPS Pesticide Handler Safety Training – Vineyards

4.

Agricultural workers are individuals employed for any type of compensation, including self-employed workers, doing tasks related to the production of agricultural plants on an agricultural establishment. Examples include weeding, planting, watering, cultivation, and harvest. Agricultural workers also do related tasks, such as mowing or operating irrigation equipment.

5.

Early-entry workers perform special tasks involving anything that has been treated with a pesticide including soil, air, water and the surface of plants where pesticide residues may be found.

6.

Pesticide handlers are individuals employed to mix, load, transfer or apply agricultural pesticides, dispose of pesticides or pesticide containers, and handle open pesticide containers. Pesticide handlers may also clean, adjust, handle or repair the parts of mixing, loading, or application equipment that may contain pesticide residues. They may assist with the application of pesticides, participate in soil fumigation, or act as a crop advisor. The same employee may be a worker at certain times and a handler at other times, depending on the type of task being performed.

7.

Today, we will cover 13 WPS safety concepts for pesticide handlers. We will start by discussing the pesticide label.

8.

The pesticide label is the information printed on or attached to the pesticide container or wrapper. The label also includes any reference made on the label or in literature accompanying the pesticide. All pesticides used in the U.S. must be registered by the EPA. Registration assures that pesticides will be properly labeled and that if used in accordance with specifications, will not cause unreasonable harm to the environment. The label is a legally binding document that must be followed explicitly. Always read the entire label.

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WPS Pesticide Handler Safety Training – Vineyards

9.

The brand name is the product name given to the pesticide formulation by the manufacturer or distributor of the pesticide. The brand name is the most identifiable name for the product. The brand name of this example product is Abound. Azoxystrobin is the common name and methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3methoxyacrylate is the chemical name.

10.

The ingredient statement lists the active and inert ingredients. Each active ingredient, the part of the product that controls the pest, is listed on the label along with the amount of each in the final product. Currently, [but may change soon] inert ingredients do not need to be identified on the label, but their concentration must be listed. Remember, inert does not mean that it is nontoxic to the applicator; it just means it does not control the pest.

11.

EPA registration numbers and EPA establishment numbers identify a product as a legal pesticide and must appear on the label. The numbers, usually abbreviated in this style, are used to identify the product and where it was produced. These numbers are needed in the event of a poisoning, claims of misuse, liability claims, and restricted use pesticide records.

12.

All pesticides are classified either as general use or restricted use pesticides (RUP). Remember that the Worker Protection Standard covers both types. Restricted use pesticides can cause some human injury or environmental damage even when used as directed on the label.

13.

The level of toxicity of a pesticide is indicated by one of three signal words – Caution, Warning, and Danger. [More information on signal words will be presented later.] The statement “Keep Out of Reach of Children” can be found on every label. This is important to follow as most oral pesticide poisoning victims are children.

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Worker Protection Standard Training

WPS Pesticide Handler Safety Training – Vineyards

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This section tells you how to protect yourself and others. Statements that may be found in this section include: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin; Do not breathe dust or spray mist; Avoid contact with eyes, skin, or clothing; Causes eye and skin irritation. [Not all of these are found on this particular label].

15.

The amount of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed can vary depending on the activity. For example, mixers and loaders are often required to wear more or different PPE than applicators. Always check the label for specific PPE requirements.

16.

This section mentions any potential hazards to bees, fish, or wildlife. Examples of statements that may be found on the label include “This product is highly toxic to bees” and “This product may not be mixed, loaded, or used within 50 feet of all wells” This section also includes such things as hazards to ground or surface water.

17.

The Physical or Chemical Hazards section notes any special fire, explosion, or chemical hazards that the product may have.

18.

It is important to know where this section is on the label in the event of an emergency. Labels may also include a note to physicians which can help with treatment.

19.

The largest major section of a label is the Directions for Use. There is typically a general information section that tells simple, basic product information. The detail level varies from product to product. Usually each crop, animal, object or area that the product may legally be used to treat will have its own section. Under each subheading will be specific application information.

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Information needed to comply with the Worker Protection Standard can be found under the subheading “Agricultural Use Requirements”. Included here is information on PPE required for early-entry workers, restricted entry interval (REI) statements, and notification requirements.

21.

The restricted entry interval (REI) is the time period after a pesticide application when workers may NOT enter a pesticide-treated area without wearing labelspecified protective clothing. REIs prevent unprotected workers from getting hazardous pesticide exposures. Many REI’s are 12 or more hours long. If you enter a field before the REI has expired, you typically must wear the same protective clothing and equipment as when applying the pesticide.

22.

The REI for this example product is 12 hours.

23.

If you must enter a treated area after a pesticide application is complete, but before the REI expires, you must follow the requirements for early-entry. For this example product, the PPE required for early-entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is: coveralls, chemical-resistant gloves such as barrier laminate or butyl rubber or nitrile rubber or viton, shoes plus socks and protective eye wear.

24.

The non-agricultural use requirements list all entry restrictions, notification requirements, or other statements and instructions (except PPE requirements) that apply to the non-WPS uses on the label.

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25.

The storage and disposal section gives directions on proper storage and disposal procedures. It may also give information on handling spills.

26.

The second WPS safety concept for pesticide handlers is the hazards of pesticides resulting from toxicity and exposure.

27.

The hazard of a pesticide is determined by the toxicity of the pesticide and the amount or duration of the exposure. The toxicity of a pesticide remains constant regardless of its use. The exposure to a pesticide varies depending on how the pesticide is being used and your safety practices, such as PPE. If the exposure is low or zero (0) then the hazard is also low or zero.

28.

Exposures to pesticides can occur during mixing and loading activities, application, and from plant or surface residues. A pesticide residue is what is left after the plant or surface has been treated.

29.

[Use examples of pesticide poisoning that have occurred locally.]

30.

Toxicity is the potential of a chemical to be poisonous and is expressed as a LD50. LD50 tests use rats, mice, and other laboratory animals to determine the lethal dose for 50% of the population.

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31.

Signal words found on the pesticide label indicate approximately how toxic the pesticide product is. Labels with the signal word, “Caution” have low toxicities, while labels with the signal word, “Danger” or “Danger-Poison” are highly toxic.

32.

Acute toxicity is a one-time, high-level exposure. Symptoms of acute poisoning usually appear within 12 hours. Examples of acute exposure might be getting drenched from a broken hose or drinking some pesticide.

33.

The long-term effects of pesticide exposure are referred to as chronic toxicity. These effects do not appear immediately after exposure but can take months to years of repeated exposure to develop.

34.

Illnesses caused by repeated pesticide exposure are cancer, birth defects, blood disorders, brain damage, and kidney problems.

35.

Sensitization is the gradual development of an allergic reaction to a pesticide. A good analogy would be exposure to poison ivy. A person may not have a skin reaction after their first exposure to poison ivy; however, after repeated exposure they may eventually become sensitized and develop a reaction that gets worse with each additional exposure. In the same way, certain pesticides may affect some people only after they are exposed to it several times. Once these people become sensitized, their bodies will react every time they are exposed to that material.

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36.

Pesticides can enter the body through your skin, eyes, nose, and mouth.

37.

The most common way pesticides enter the body is through the skin. Skin exposure occurs mainly through spilling concentrate during mixing and loading. To help reduce dermal exposure wear the correct PPE and always wash your hands after handling pesticides or contaminated items.

38.

Oral exposure can occur from splashing, putting contaminated items and hands in or near mouth, such as food or cigarettes, or accidentally ingesting the pesticide. It is important to not leave pesticide containers where they can be found by children or others.

39.

Pesticides can damage your nose, mouth, throat and lungs when you breathe in pesticide dusts and vapors. Examples of safety measures to avoid inhalation exposure include mixing and loading in the open or having as many doors and windows open if done indoors. Respirators will provide protection from inhalation exposures of pesticides.

40.

Your eyes easily absorb pesticides from rubbing them with contaminated hands or clothing. Eye exposure can cause temporary or permanent blindness. Eye exposures to pesticides results in immediate absorption. Absorption will continue as long as the pesticide remains in contact with the skin.

41.

Signs and symptoms are your body’s warning signs of an adverse reaction from exposure.

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42.

Early symptoms of pesticide poisoning are similar to those of the flu or being drunk. Severe poisoning can result in unconsciousness, coma, and death. You should respond immediately if you start to feel any of these symptoms, because there is nothing you can do if severe symptoms occur - you will have to rely on someone else to help you.

43.

First aid treatments are different for each pesticide and method of exposure. Always read the pesticide label BEFORE using the product so you know what to do in case of a poisoning.

44.

If skin comes into contact with a pesticide, immediately rinse with water, remove the contaminated clothing, and wash with plenty of soap and water.

45.

If a pesticide is splashed on to the mouth or swallowed, rinse mouth with water and induce vomiting unless the victim is unconscious, the victim is having convulsions, the pesticide is petroleum based, the pesticide is corrosive, or the label says DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.

46.

If pesticides are inhaled, get the victim to fresh air and loosen any tight clothing that might restrict breathing. Keep all air passages (nose and mouth) open and free from obstructions and perform artificial respiration if necessary.

47.

If pesticides contact your eyes, wash with pure, clean water for 15 or more minutes and seek medical attention.

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48.

If you have a poisoning emergency, call the Iowa Statewide Poison Control toll free number: 1-800-2221222 (Voice/TTY). The Poison Help line is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is free of charge.

49.

Another important WPS safety concept is knowing how to obtain emergency medical care.

50.

If you suspect a poisoning, contact a doctor immediately. Tell medical personnel the pesticides that were used and the EPA registration number. The EPA registration number allows physicians to key in on a specific product so that they can find the proper first aid treatment. It also allows medical personnel to report accurate information on the poisoning to the Iowa Department of Public Heath/Pesticide Poisoning Surveillance section. If medical care is needed, take the pesticide label because it can verify the pesticide used and it usually contains medical treatment information and an emergency phone number that the physician will find useful.

51.

Your employer is required to have an EPA safety poster or similar information posted in a central location. The safety poster should list the name, address, and phone number of the nearest medical help. Make sure you know where this and the nearest phone are.

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52.

Your supervisor must make you get medical help if you think you’ve been poisoned at work by pesticides. If you have been poisoned, do not drive yourself to the hospital or clinic. You may become unconscious while driving and cause another accident. Wait for your employer to provide transportation.

53.

Routine decontamination procedures are things you can do on a daily basis to protect your health and minimize your exposure to pesticides. Routine decontamination procedures may help prevent the need for emergency decontamination procedures.

54.

Wash your hands before eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum or tobacco or using the toilet. Wash your hands before touching your eyes or mouth. Wash your hands even if you have been wearing gloves. Shower or bathe with soap and water immediately after work. Shampoo your hair and put on clean clothes.

55.

If pesticides are spilled or sprayed on your body, wash immediately in the nearest clean water. Then shower, shampoo, and change into clean clothes as soon as possible.

56.

To quickly decontaminate your eyes, use an eye-wash fountain or pour water into your eyes, holding the eye open while flushing the pesticide out. Move your eyeball and eyelid and flush for at least 15 minutes. Get medical help immediately.

57.

Personal protective equipment, often referred to as PPE, is used collectively to describe devices and clothing that protect you from exposure to pesticides, such as gloves, respirators, boots, and coveralls.

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58.

Read the pesticide label to determine what PPE to wear. You can always wear more PPE than the label requires.

59.

Additional PPE needed during mixing and loading may include an apron, goggles, a respirator, and unlined boots. Leather boots will absorb pesticides so do not wear them when mixing and loading pesticides.

60.

Your hands and forearms get the most exposure from pesticides. Most product labels require use of waterproof or chemical resistant gloves during handling and mixing activities.

61.

Coveralls, chemical resistant suits, and chemical resistant aprons help protect your body from spills and splashes.

62.

Goggles and face shields protect you from both splashes and pesticide dust.

63.

A respirator is a safety device that covers at least your mouth and nose. Respirators protect you from breathing pesticide-contaminated air. When a pesticide label requires a respirator, use only respirators approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Remember that a single type of respirator does not adequately protect you from every pesticide or formulation you may use.

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64.

Gloves, boots, goggles, apron, and respirators should be washed after each use or contamination. Always wash pesticide-contaminated clothing separately from family laundry, and wear gloves and an apron. Discard any PPE that has had full-strength concentrate spilled on it.

65.

Heat-related illness symptoms can be very similar to those of pesticide poisoning. It is important to know the difference.

66.

A person who has been wearing heavy personal protective clothing and equipment for an extended time during hot weather may be suffering from heat exhaustion rather than pesticide poisoning. Both are serious conditions that may require medical attention.

67.

Drink one glass of water every 15 to 30 minutes worked, depending on the heat and humidity. This is the best way to replace lost body fluid. Also, build up tolerance for working in the heat. Heat tolerance is normally built up over a one to two week time period. Take breaks to cool down. A 10-15 minute break every two hours is effective.

68.

To treat heat stress, lower the body temperature as soon as possible. Get medical help.

69.

It is important to know the safety requirements for handling, transporting, storing, and disposing of pesticides.

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70.

Never carry pesticides in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Never allow people, pets, or livestock to ride in a cargo area loaded with pesticides. Keep pesticides separate from clothing, medical supplies, food, seed, and plant materials. Always tie down or otherwise secure the cargo.

71.

Avoid spraying near beehives, lakes, streams, pastures, houses, schools, playgrounds, hospitals, or sensitive crops when possible. Take every possible precaution when spraying near residential areas.

72.

Wear protective clothing during cleanup. Refer to pesticide labels and sprayer manual on how to properly clean sprayers. Check the label for special cleaning instructions and warnings of sensitive crops affected by tank contamination.

73.

Excess mixed pesticide and rinsate should be applied to a labeled area at or below the labeled rate.

74.

Store pesticides separately in a locked, labeled, and vented cabinet, room, or building. Let other people know of the hazards associated with the pesticides being stored. Keep a current inventory of all pesticides in storage.

75.

All of this equipment should be located where it can be reliably reached within seconds. Absorbent material such as cat litter or sawdust will turn liquid spills into dry material. Refer to the pesticide label for information on properly disposing of spilled pesticide.

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76.

Pesticides must be kept in their original containers. Pouring pesticides from the original containers into any container that does not have the original label is dangerous and illegal.

77.

It is unlawful in Iowa to sell or distribute a pesticide except in the registrant’s or manufacturer’s unbroken immediate container that contains the pesticide product label.

78.

The best way to avoid having to dispose of unwanted pesticides is to buy only what you need. Pesticides can be disposed of through The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Land Quality Bureau’s Regional Collection Center Program. For more information, contact the Iowa DNR at 515-281-5918.

79.

Empty plastic containers can be triple-rinsed or pressure-rinsed. Only properly cleaned containers can be accepted for disposal or recycling. No container, no matter how it is cleaned, should be used for any other purpose than pesticide storage.

80.

A statewide pesticide container recycling program is available to reduce the volume of plastic pesticide containers in sanitary landfills. Other companies also accept containers.

81.

Be aware of environmental concerns such as drift, runoff, and wildlife hazards. Pesticides can move both by air and water.

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82.

Drift is the movement of a pesticide off-target by air. Particle drift is the off-target movement of small particles or drops occurring during or after the application. All pesticides are subject to this type of drift.

83.

Vapor drift can occur when vapors are produced and are then carried by wind. Certain pesticides such as dicamba and 2,4-D volatilize more readily than others and can damage extremely sensitive plants like ornamentals, grapes, tomatoes, and soybeans.

84.

Surface water supplies 20% of the drinking water in Iowa. Pesticides can move in ditches, streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes by either runoff or erosion.

85.

Groundwater provides about 70% of the water used for public and private water supplies, irrigation, and industry in Iowa. Pesticides can move in groundwater by moving down through the soil water in a process called leaching.

86.

As a result of groundwater contamination, some pesticide labels have groundwater advisory statements such as this one. These can be found in the Precautionary Statements section of the pesticide label.

87.

Good management practices can go a long way towards preventing groundwater contamination. Direct contamination from pesticide mishandling poses the greatest threat to groundwater. Not reading and following label directions puts water quality at risk.

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88.

A good way to remember the steps for a spill emergency is the three C’s: Control, Contain, and Clean up. First, while wearing PPE, control the source of the spill. Second, contain the spill – limit the spill to a small area and prevent it from spreading. Then clean up the spill and, if possible, put the contents in a leakproof container.

89.

Spills that have the potential to create a hazardous condition or involve the release of an EPA regulated material must be reported to state and Federal authorities. All pesticide spills that result in hazardous conditions in Iowa must be reported by telephone to the Emergency Response & Homeland Security Unit, part of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at 515-281-8694 as soon as possible, but no later than 6 hours after occurrence or discovery. The initial report must be followed by a written report to the DNR within 30 days. Federal Law requires notification within 15 minutes of the National Emergency Response Center when oil or hazardous substances are discharged and meet or exceed reportable quantities. The National Response Center is the sole federal point of contact for reporting oil and chemical spills.

90.

Pesticides can come into contact with nontarget species such as bees, fish, plants, animals, etc. Beneficial insects can come into direct contact with a pesticide or may be accidentally hit by drift. Runoff or spills can be detrimental to fish or other aquatic life. For these reasons, it is important to consider site conditions. Follow practices that reduce drift, runoff, and residues. The best way to protect nontarget species is to read and follow the label.

91.

Do not take pesticides or pesticide containers to your home.

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92.

Pesticides must not be taken from your workplace. Do not store pesticide in beverage bottles or other containers that could cause the contents to be mistaken for something else. Even if a pesticide container has been triple-rinsed, it is never completely free of pesticide residues.

93.

The final safety concept is an explanation of WPS requirements that your employer must follow for your protection.

94.

Information about pesticide applications must be displayed at a place where you are able to see it. This location is called the “Central Location” in WPS regulations. A central location might be the break or lunch room, the locker area or changing room, or anywhere you may visit on a regular basis.

95.

Your employer is required to have an EPA safety poster or similar information and records posted in a central location.

96.

Records of each application must be written and posted in a central location before a pesticide is applied or the beginning of the work period. Records must also be available for at least 30 days after the REI expires. The record information must include: the name of the pesticide, exactly where it was applied, when it was applied, the REI, and when you can resume work in the area.

97.

Employers will either post signs or provide oral warnings telling you of when and where they are going to spray and what the REI is. Check the product label if there are any specific requirements for notification. Both may be required.

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98.

WPS Pesticide Handler Safety Training – Vineyards

Field signs must be posted by all entrances where workers would enter the treated area, and at each established walking route that enters treated area. Signs must also be posted 24 hours or less before scheduled application of pesticide and be removed within three (3) days after the end of the REI (if there is no REI, remove signs 3 days after application).

99.

You and your employer must assure that no pesticide is applied so as to contact any person, either directly or through drift.

100.

Employers must ensure that PPE is available for those who come in direct contact with pesticides or pesticide residues. Employers must also ensure that PPE is used correctly by the employee; that PPE is inspected before use and is operating correctly; and PPE is put on, taken off, cleaned or replaced (when appropriate), and stored correctly.

101.

You must be trained before you do any handling task. Training is required every five years, counting from the end of the month in which the previous training was completed.

102.

Handlers can be trained by a certified applicator, IDALS, or ISU Extension Entomology. Trained WPS Handlers can train WPS Workers.

103.

The decontamination site must include enough water for emergency eyeflushing and for washing the entire body in case of emergency; enough soap and singleuse towels for your needs; and a clean change of clothes, such as one-size-fits-all coveralls, to put on if your garments are contaminated and need to be removed right away.

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104.

All decontamination supplies must be kept together and located at the mixing site for pesticide handlers or within ¼ mile of the workers’ current location.

105.

These decontamination supplies must be provided until 30 days after the end of any restricted-entry interval. If there is no restricted-entry interval given on the label, decontamination supplies must be provided until 30 days after the end of any application in that area. When the only pesticides used in the treated area are products with a restricted-entry interval of 4 hours or less, the decontamination supplies must be provided for 7 days after the end of the restricted-entry interval.

106.

Employers or supervisors must not prevent or discourage you from complying or attempting to comply with the WPS. Employers must not fire or otherwise retaliate against any worker or handler who attempts to comply.

107.

Contact the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship if you have any questions on WPS. For additional information, visit the ISU Pest Management and the Environment website. WPS materials are available from the ISU Extension Online Store.

108.

This project has been funded by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship through a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

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