World Prison Population List (10th edition) Roy Walmsley

Table 1 AFRICA Prison population total (no. in penal institutions incl. pre-trial detainees)

Date

Estimated Prison population Source of national rate (per 100,000 of prison population population national population) total

Northern Africa Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia

60,000 c. 66,000 5,328 72,000 20,000 21,300

5/13 /11 24/1/13 1/1/13 /11 /12

36.96m 82.5m 6.55m 32.75m 36.0m 10.7m

162 c. 80 81 220 56 199

NPA US State Dep’t human rights report NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report NPA

6,908 4,899 1,348 7,086 c. 1,000 14,021 c. 2,600 1,930 5,817 1,602 6,899 54,144 8,428 3,281 4,060

/10 31/12/12 /12 31/12/12 31/12/12 26/8/13 /12 /12 28/9/11 /12 /12 31/5/13 21/12/12 18/9/13 20/12/12

9.2m 17.68m 504,000 20.8m 1.8m 26.18m 10.5m 4.2m 15.94m 3.6m 16.6m 169.9m 13.25m 6.28m 6.35m

75 28 267 34 c. 56 54 c. 25 46 36 45 42 32 64 52 64

Ombudsman’s report, Benin Ministry of Justice US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report NPA US State Dep’t human rights report NPA US State Dep’t human rights report Ministry of Justice US State Dep’t human rights report NPA NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report

Angola 21,634 Cameroon 24,000 Central African Rep. 845 Chad 4,831 Congo (Brazzaville) c. 1,300 Dem. Rep. of Congo c.22,000 Equatorial Guinea c. 650 Gabon c. 2,750 Sao Tome e Principe 217 South Sudan c. 7,000

6/13 12/11 11/11 25/1/12 31/12/12 /10 /12 2/06 /12 4/13

20.64m 20.2m 4.5m 11.7m 4.25m 66.0m 686,000 1.4m 169,000 10.7m

105 119 19 41 c. 31 c. 33 c. 95 c. 196 128 c. 65

28/2/13 /12 /11 2009-10 10/12 /12 31/12/12 16/1/13 10/10 31/12/12

8.95m 773,000 906,000 82.42m 42.97m 21.19m 16.05m 1.32m 23.56m 11.3m

72 c. 16 83 136 121 87 76 202 65 492*

Western Africa Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d’Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea (Conakry) Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

Central Africa Ministry of the Interior US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report NPA US State Dep’t human rights report Joint Prison Coordination, D.R. Congo US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report NPA

Eastern Africa Burundi Comoros Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Rwanda

6,477 c. 120 750 112,361 52,000 18,507 12,236 2,663 15,249 55,618*

NPA US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report Central Statistics Agency, Ethiopia Legal Resources Foundation US State Dep’t human rights report NPA NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report

*The prison population includes many thousands sentenced or awaiting trial in connection with the genocide of 1994.

Seychelles Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Mayotte (France) Réunion (France)

628 36,552 34,940 17,021 16,902 185 1,138

30/10/12 1/13 30/11/12 17/9/13 2/13 1/9/13 1/9/13

88,600 47.0m 36.0m 14.29m 13.1m 218,300 878,000

709 78 97 119 129 85 130

US State Dep’t human rights report Parliamentary committee, Tanzania NPA NPA NPA French Ministry of Justice French Ministry of Justice

4,241

12/12

2.07m

205

US State Dep’t human rights report

Southern Africa Botswana

Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland

2,564 /12 2.12m 121 US State Dep’t human rights report 4,314 10/11 2.26m 191 Ombudsman’s Office, Namibia 156,370 20/8/13 53.1m 294 NPA 3,411 3/12 1.2m 284 NPA Figures not available W. Africa: Guinea Bissau. E. Africa: Eritrea, Somalia.

Table 2 AMERICAS Prison population total (no. in penal institutions incl. pre-trial detainees)

Date

Estimated national population

Prison population Source of rate (per 100,000 of prison population national population) total

North America Canada

40,544*

2011-12

34.45m

118

Statistics Canada

*Average daily population, including young offenders, 1/4/2011-31/3/2012.

USA 2,239,751 Bermuda (UK) 271 Greenland (Denmark) 170

31/12/11 5/12 1/12/12

312.72m 65,000 56,400

716 417 301

US Bureau of Justice Statistics Bermuda prison administration Danish NPA

1,562 14,963 26,568 16,336 12,263 246,226 9,168 15,126

31/12/12 31/7/12 27/5/13 13/8/13 1/13 30/6/13 31/12/12 31/8/13

328,000 4.77m 6.3m 15.5m 8.0m 117.05m 6.0m 3.68m

476 314 422 105 153 210 153 411

US State Dep’t human rights report NPA NPA NPA Office of the Attorney General NPA Government of Nicaragua NPA

Antigua & Barbuda 371 Bahamas 1,600 Barbados 1,507 Cuba 57,337 Dominica 266 Dominican Republic 24,744 Grenada 441 Haiti 9,936 Jamaica 4,201 St Kitts & Nevis 330 St Lucia 568 St Vincent & Grenadines 410 Trinidad & Tobago 3,800 Anguilla (UK) 76 Aruba (Netherlands) 235 Cayman Islands (UK) 185 Curacao (Netherlands) 440 Guadeloupe (France) 871 Martinique (France) 918 Puerto Rico (US) 11,452 St Maarten (Netherlands) 180 Virgin Islands (UK) 138 Virgin Islands (US) 587

25/7/13 8/12 21/6/13 5/12 3/13 10/5/13 /12 4/8/13 22/9/13 26/8/13 11/12 /12 avrge 12 18/12/12 9/12 avrge 12 /12 1/9/13 1/9/13 31/12/11 11/12 7/12 1/1/11

92,000 360,000 289,000 11.25m 68,000 10.3m 104,000 10.4m 2.77m 46,200 179,000 109,000 1.35m 15,600 104,700 56,100 152,000 470,000 411,000 3.68m 39,300 30,000 109,000

403 444 521 510 391 240 424 96 152 714 317 376 281 487 224 330 289 185 223 311 458 460 539

NPA NPA Minister of State for National Security El diario oficiel Granma NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report United Nations mission (MINUSTAH) NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report Anguilla prison administration US State Dep’t human rights report Cayman Is. government publication US State Dep’t human rights report French Ministry of Justice French Ministry of Justice US Bureau of Justice Statistics US State Dep’t human rights report British Virgin Is. prison administration US Virgin Is. prison administration

31/12/11 /13 12/12 31/7/13 31/7/13 12/12 31/10/11 23/9/12 12/12 /12 31/7/12 /12 1/9/13

41.33m 10.53m 199.8m 17.57m 48.24m 14.15m 755,000 6.71m 30.34m 535,000 3.39m 30.0m 250,000

147 140 274 266 245 149 260 118 202 186 281 161 278

Ministry of Justice Andean Information Network NPA NPA NPA Ministry of Justice NPA NPA NPA NPA Ministry of the Interior Ministry of Penitentiary Services French Ministry of Justice

Central America Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama

Caribbean

South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela French Guiana/ Guyane (France)

60,789 14,770 548,003 46,718 118,201 21,080 1,962 7,901 61,390 994 9,524 48,262 694

Table 3 ASIA Prison population total (no. in penal institutions incl.pre-trial detainees)

Date

Estimated Prison population Source of national rate (per 100,000 of prison population population national population) total

Western Asia Bahrain Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen

2,307 37,014 17,279 6,066 4,179 5,094 1,403 c. 1,150 47,000 10,599 11,193 14,150

/12 30/6/12 31/12/12 6/12/11 /10 13/12/12 /02 /11 2/13 /04 /06 2/13

839,000 33.7m 7.75m 6.4m 3.05m 4.33m 2.3m 1.92m 29.1m 18.2m 4.7m 25.93m

275 110 223 95 137 118 61 c. 60 162 58 238 55

48,684 9,828 9,317 10,953 c. 42,000

1/1/13 1/1/12 12/10 /06 3/12

16.49m 5.43m 7.15m 4.9m 27.7m

295 181 130 224 c. 152

/12 16/4/13 7/11 31/12/12 25/12/12 /12

33.1m 170.58m 740,000 1,266.8m 76.4m 324,000

76 42 135 30 284 307*

US State Dep’t human rights report UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report th United Nations 8 Survey US State Dep’t human rights report NPA th United Nations 9 Survey th United Nations 10 Survey NPA

Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan

NPA, via Penal Reform International NPA, via Penal Reform International NPA th United Nations 10 Survey NPA

South Central Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Iran Maldives

25,289 72,104 1,001 385,135 217,000 994*

US State Dep’t human rights report Official sources National Assembly Human Rights Committee National Crime Records Bureau NPA US State Dep’t human rights report

*Sentenced prisoners only.

Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka

14,936 74,944 27,000

8/12 31/12/12 9/13

31.08m 194.6m 20.5m

48 39 132

NPA Human Rights Commission of Pakistan NPA

507 15,397 144,332 4,020 39,144 60,053 108,305 12,504 279,854 295 130,180

9/12 11/12 31/12/12 mid-04 6/13 mid-09 31/12/12 31/12/12 1/8/13 /12 mid-12

414,500 14.52m 245.01m 5.8m 29.74m 50.0m 97.2m 5.44m 70.4m 1.17m 89.7m

122 106 59 69 132 120 111 230 398 25 145

US State Dep’t human rights report Ministry of the Interior Ministry of Law and Human Rights NPA Ministry of Home Affairs NPA, Asia-Pacific annual conference NPA NPA NPA US State Dep’t human rights report NPA, Asia-Pacific annual conference

South Eastern Asia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Vietnam

Eastern Asia China

1,640,000* mid-12 1,354.1m 121* NPA, Asia-Pacific annual conference *Sentenced prisoners only. The total does not include those in pre-trial detention or ‘administrative detention’.

Japan Korea (Republic of) Mongolia Taiwan Hong Kong (China) Macau (China)

Figures not available

64,932 48,497 8,193 65,288 9,189 1,083

30/6/13 30/6/13 1/10/12 30/4/13 30/6/13 31/10/12

127.26m 48.84m 2.85m 23.34m 7.19m 566,200

51 99 287 280 128 191

Ministry of Justice NPA NPA Ministry of Justice Hong Kong prison administration Macau statistical directorate (DSEC)

Eastern Asia: North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea).

Table 4 EUROPE

Prison population total (no. in penal institutions incl. pre-trial detainees)

Date

Estimated national population

Prison population Source of rate (per 100,000 of prison population national population) total

1/9/13 30/9/13 1/1/13 1/9/13 30/9/13 1/1/13 1/1/13 1/9/13 1/10/12

5.61m 1.34m 5.43m 321,400 4.6m 2.01m 2.96m 5.1m 9.53m

73 238 58 47 88 304 329 72 67

NPA Ministry of Justice NPA NPA NPA NPA NPA NPA NPA

27/9/13 27/9/13 27/9/13 avrge 12 4/13 9/9/13 10/9/13

57.06m 1.84m 5.33m 48,230 65,800 86,700 98,750

148 101 147 21 147 112 165

Ministry of Justice NPA NPA Danish NPA Guernsey prison administration Isle of Man prison administration Jersey prison administration

4,505 33

1/1/13 1/1/13

2.85m 86,900

158 38

Council of Europe Council of Europe

1,883 1,027 4,741 905*

1/1/13 31/12/12 1/1/13 1/9/11

2.35m 1.4m 4.38m 854,700*

80 73 108 106

Council of Europe Rep. Srpska prison administration Council of Europe C of E Annual Penal Statistics

Northern Europe Denmark 4,091 Estonia 3,186 Finland 3,134 Iceland 152 Ireland 4,068 Latvia 6,117 Lithuania 9,729 Norway 3,649 Sweden 6,364 United Kingdom – England & Wales 84,430 – Northern Ireland 1,851 – Scotland 7,855 Faeroe Is. (Denmark) 10 Guernsey (UK) 97 Isle of Man (UK) 97 Jersey (UK) 163

Southern Europe Albania Andorra Bosnia & Herzegovina – Federation – Republika Srpska Croatia Cyprus

*Does not include the internationally unrecognised Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).

Greece 12,479 Italy 64,835 Kosovo/Kosova 1,691 Macedonia (F Yug Rep) 2,515 Malta 610 Montenegro 1,297 Portugal 14,264 San Marino 2*

1/1/12 11.29m 31/8/13 61.14m 31/12/12 1.82m 1/9/11 2.06m 1/7/13 420,050 1/1/13 622,600 1/9/13 10.49m 1/9/11 32,100

111 106 93 122 145 208 136 6*

NPA Ministry of Justice US State Dept human rights report C of E Annual Penal Statistics Ministry of Justice & Home Affairs Council of Europe NPA C of E Annual Penal Statistics

*By agreement with Italy, most persons imprisoned by San Marino are held in Italian prisons.

Serbia Slovenia Spain Gibraltar (UK)

10,226 1,357 68,220 70

31/12/12 1/9/13 23/8/13 avrge 11

7.21m 2.06m 46.27m 29,450

142 66 147 238

NPA NPA NPA Gibraltar prison administration

8,273 12,126 62,443*

1/1/13 1/1/13 1/9/13

8.48m 11.19m 63.94m*

98 108 98

NPA Council of Europe NPA

Western Europe Austria Belgium France

*Metropolitan France, excluding departments and territories in Africa, the Americas and Oceania.

Germany Liechtenstein

64,379 9*

31/3/13 1/1/13

81.96m 36,800

79 24*

German Federal Statistical Office Council of Europe

*By agreement with Austria, some persons imprisoned by Liechtenstein may be held in Austrian prisons.

Luxembourg Monaco

656 27*

1/1/13 1/1/13

538,000 36,900

122 73*

Council of Europe Council of Europe

*By agreement with France, some persons imprisoned by Monaco may be held in French prisons.

Netherlands Switzerland

13,749 6,599

30/9/12 5/9/12

16.79m 8.01m

82 82

Armenia Azerbaijan

4,756 37,989*

1/1/13 1/9/11

2.9m 9.19m

164 413*

Georgia

10,202*

NPA Swiss Federal Statistical Office

Europe/Asia Council of Europe C of E Annual Penal Statistics

*Includes pre-trial detainees not held in the prisons of the Ministry of Justice.

30/4/13

4.54m*

225

Ministry of Corrections and Legal Affairs

* Does not include Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which have declared independence from Georgia.

Russian Federation Turkey

681,600 137,133

Table 4 cont. EUROPE

1/9/13 17/9/13

143.4m 76.43m

475 179

NPA NPA

Central and Eastern Europe Belarus Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Moldova

31,700 10,996 16,257 18,388 6,710*

1/10/12 10/12 30/8/13 13/6/13 1/4/13

9.45m 7.3m 10.54m 9.9m 3.56m*

335 151 154 186 188

NPA US State Dep’t human rights report NPA NPA NPA

*Does not include the internationally unrecognised Transdniestria/Transnistria/Pridnestrovie.

Poland Romania Slovakia Ukraine

83,610 33,015 10,152 137,965

31/8/13 24/9/13 31/8/13 1/9/13

38.55m 21.25m 5.42m 45.21m

217 155 187 305

NPA NPA NPA NPA

Table 5 OCEANIA Prison population total (no. in penal institutions incl. pre-trial detainees) Australia 29,383 Fiji 1,537 Kiribati 118 Marshall Islands c. 32 Micronesia, Fed States of 90 Nauru 26 New Zealand 8,597 Palau 62 Papua New Guinea 3,467 Samoa c. 430 Solomon Islands 321 Tonga 158 Tuvalu 12 Vanuatu 194 American Samoa (US) 167 Cook Islands (NZ) 25 French Polynesia (France)427 Guam (US) 696 New Caledonia (France) 402 Northern Mariana Is. (US) 162

Date

30/6/12 11/12 10/12 12/12 31/12/12 31/12/12 30/6/13 /12 mid-12 /12 30/9/13 31/12/12 12/12 31/12/12 31/12/11 21/11/11 1/9/13 4/6/13 1/9/13 31/12/11

Estimated Prison population Source of national rate (per 100,000 of prison population population national population) total 22.68m 882,000 103,650 55,000 112,000 9,400 4.47m 21,000 7.2m 188,650 584,000 105,000 10,000 255,000 69,500 23,000 280,500 161,000 264,000 61,300

130 174 114 c. 58 80 277 192 295 48 c. 228 55 150 120 76 240 109 152 432 152 264

Australian Bureau of Statistics NPA US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report NPA US State Dep’t human rights report NPA, Asia-Pacific annual conference US State Dep’t human rights report NPA US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US State Dep’t human rights report US Bureau of Justice Statistics NPA French Ministry of Justice Guam prison administration French Ministry of Justice US Bureau of Justice Statistics

Abbreviations C of E NPA

Council of Europe National prison administration

Roy Walmsley is a consultant to the United Nations and an Associate of the International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS). At ICPS he is director of the World Prison Brief, a comprehensive database of information on the prison systems of the world, which is available free of charge at www.prisonstudies.org He has also produced the World Female Imprisonment List (2nd edition 2012) and the World Pretrial/Remand Imprisonment List (2008, 2nd edition scheduled for 2014), which complement the World Prison Population List and the World Prison Brief and are also published by ICPS.