5. October 2004 Letter of intent

Working group on gas hydrates and natural seeps in the Nordic Sea region (GANS) Background A major part of the Norwegian economy is today dependent on offshore hydrocarbon resources and fisheries. This has resulted in a strong focus on technological development and research activities directed towards a safe handling and harvesting of these resources. As a result, Norwegian research groups and institutions are in the forefront in areas within these fields. However, while nations within the forefront of marine research today are increasing their research in deep-sea areas, which represents some of the last “white” spots on the global map, Norway is lagging behind in multi-discipline, basic research within these systems. Such efforts are driven both by the interest in understanding basic natural systems as well as handling of risks related to an increased economic activity in deep-sea areas. Continuous leakage of methane, which as a greenhouse gas is significantly more (~ 20 times) aggressive than CO2 , to the oceans from hydrate reservoirs is an increasing international concern. In Norway we have research groups with interest and experience on natural seeps and gas hydrates. These features, and processes related to them, are challenging research targets which demands inputs from different fields if important research breakthroughs shall be made. In February 2004 deep-sea researchers from the University of Tromsø (Department of Geology), Geological Survey of Norway, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Statoil and University of Bergen (Department of Earth Science and Department of Physics and Technology) met at the Department of Earth Science, UoB. The aim was to obtain an overview of the research effort in the fields of natural seeps and gas hydrates in Norway and discuss national coordination, research strategies, research infrastructure and possible funding sources.

Focus of research groups/institutions presented at the meeting: Presentations were given on current activity and perspectives on natural seeps and gas hydrate research by each participating institution: University of Tromsø (Mienert/Andreassen) • Gas hydrates and slope stability • Gas hydrates: where, why and volumes • Gas in sediments and geotechnical aspects Geological Survey of Norway (Bøe/Knies) • Mapping of gas hydrates and seeps • Gas hydrates as an energy resource • Gas hydrates, seeps and environment 1

Norwegian geotechnical institute (Kvalstad) • Gas hydrates and slope instability • Gas in sediments • Physics of gas hydrates University of Bergen – Department of Earth Science (Sejrup/Hjelstuen/Haflidason) • Seafloor expression of seeps • Gas hydrates and climate • Margin development and gas hydrates University of Bergen – Department of Earth Science (Pedersen/Thorseth) • Subsurface biosphere • Hydrothermal activity and seeps University of Bergen - Department of Physics and Technology (Kvamme/Hellevang) • Modelling of processes and phenomena which are partly or in whole dominated by thermodynamics. • Modelling of phase equilibrium and phase transition kinetics on micro- and macro-level. • Estimation of physical properties and transport properties by molecular simulations. Statoil (Hovland) • Seafloor expressions of seeps and gas hydrates

Research strategies It was a general agreement in the group that research on deep-water systems should be strengthened if Norway as a “marine based” nation want to take part in building of new competence and future development and handling of these regions. As a part of this process, the group will work for a better coordination and funding for research on gas hydrates and seeps in Norway. The working group realizes that other groups of scientists in Norway may be interested in participating in the initiative (e.g. micro- and macrobiologists, oceanographer etc.). Therefore the research profile for the group should be considered as preliminary and may be altered by input from biologists and other groups.

Overall objectives • • •

Strengthen multidisciplinary research on deep-sea systems in Norway Develop a strategy for research on natural seeps and gas hydrates in Norway Contribute in national coordination of research on natural seeps and gas hydrates in Norway

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• •

Coordinate the use and development of research infrastructures important for research on natural seeps and gas hydrates Contribute in the international evaluations of strategies for hydrate reservoir exploitation

Preliminary research tasks/focus points •

• • • • • • • •

Gas and gas hydrate formation processes and conditions for transport, accumulation, preservation and dissociation (“melting”) in sediments (i.e. gas generation, fluid flow, diffusion, crystallisation, sublimation, heat flow, thermodynamics, hydraulics and geomechanics) Effect of gas hydrate (amount and distribution) on physical properties of sediment (elastic, electric, thermodynamic, strength etc.) Detection and quantification of in situ gas hydrate content and distribution pattern Effect of dissociation on soil properties (risk of slope instability and dislodgement of wells and subsea structures) Gas hydrates as an energy resource: production methods Database Natural seeps, habitats and ecology Rapid methane release and climate change Geohazard and environmental impact

Planned activities "Fiery Ice from the Seas" workshop, Bergen 2006 Strengthen the biological component in GANS Institutional backing for a research effort (input fra each member). Planning meeting/development of a Project/program. Meeting with industry, the Norwegian Research Council and academic/governmental institutions to inform about GANS and future plans 8.-9. November 2004. Presentation of GANS at AGU Geological Survey of Norway: Employ a post-doc within gas hydrates and shallow gas at NGU's office in Tromsø. Start one or several projects on gas hydrate/shallow gas research . Establish the MAREANO database that shall be public available on the internet. The database will contain data on gas hydrates and shallow gas.

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APPENDIX 1

CURRENT PROJECTS: Statoil Geohazards on the Norwegian continental slope. Ultra Deepwater Exploration (integrating ODP results).

NGU GESTCO: Geological storage of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion (2000-2004). CO2STORE: On-land and Long Term Saline Aquifer CO2-storage (2003-2005). YFF NFR Proposal: Sources, Pathways, and Emissions of Methane in a changing Arctic Climate System (SPEMACS) VIGRID Proposal: (Industry co-operation): Flows and seepages of deep fluids on the MidNorwegian Shelf and Margin. Volumes, origin, and significance across the Vigrid diapir field. NGU internal project: Mapping of natural gas hydrates and seepages along the Norwegian Continental Margin including the Barents Sea (Start: September 2004).

NORPAST 2 (started 2003)

UoTØ NFR: Detecting climate-induced geohazards (ends 2003) EU: Quantification of gas hydrates (HYDRATECH) (ends 2004) BMBF: Gas hydrates geophysical studies (INGGAS) (ends 2004) Industry: OBS investigations in ORMEN LANGE area (ends 2003) Japan: OBS investigations in NANKAI TROUGH area (started 2003) NFR: Slope stability of Europe’s passive margins (started 2004)

NGI Joint industry project (JIP): Deepwater Geohazards. Test programme performed 2000- 2001. R&D project for Elf (TotalFinaElf-> Total): Evaluation of deepwater soil instability Test programme performed in 2002. Euromargins project: Slope stability on Europe’s passive continental margin In preparation for 2004 and 2005.

UoB NFR: NORPAST 2 (Started 2003) NFR: Slope stability of Europe’s passive margins (started 2004) EU: EUROSTRATAFORM (Started 2002) EU: SNEHILO – Marie Curie Training Site (Ends 2004)

NFR & Norsk Hydro: “Safe long terms storage of CO2 in aquifers” (Started 2002) NFR & ConocoPhillips: “Storage of CO2 in hydrate reservoirs” (Started 2002) ConocoPhillips: “Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for hydrate formation, dissociation and reformation” (Started 2004)

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PARTICIPANTS at workshop UiB, February 2004 Hans Petter Sejrup, UiB (organizer) Martin Hovland, Statoil Jurgen Mienert, UiTø Karin Andreassen, UiTø Reidulv Bøe, NGU Jochen Knies, NGU Tore Kvalstad, NGI Bjørn Kvamme, UiB Helge Hellevang, UiB Morten Jakobsen, UiB Olav Eldholm, UiB Rolf Birger Pedersen, UiB Haflidi Haflidason, UiB Atle Nygård, UiB Berit Oline Hjelstuen, UiB

Publications 1998-2003 1998 Bøe, R., Rise, L. & Ottesen, D. 1998: Elongated depressions on the southern slope of the Norwegian Trench (Skagerrak): morphology and evolution. Marine Geology 146, 191-203. Bøe, R., Sturt, B. & Sand, M. 1998: Muligheter for undergrunnsdeponering av CO2 i kystnære områder - en forstudie. NGU Rapport 98.149, 43 s. Henriet, J.P. and Mienert, J., (eds) 1998. Gas hydrates: Relevance to world margin stability and climate change. Geological Society, London, Special Publication No. 137, pp. 338. Hovland, M., 1998. Are there commercial deposits of methane hydrates in ocean sediments? In JNOC-TRC report "Methane Hydrates-Resources in the Near Future?" 17-21. JNOC, Japan. Hovland, M., Mortensen, P.B., Brattegard, T., Strass, P. and Rokoengen, K., 1998. Ahermatypic coral banks off mid-Norway: Evidence for a link with seepage of light hydrocarbons. Palaios, 13, 189-200. Hovland, M., Nygaard, E. and Thorbjørnsen, S., 1998. Piercement shale diapirism in the deep-water Vema Dome area, Vøring basin, offshore Norway. Marine and Petroleum Geol., 15, 191-201. Klitgaard-Kristensen, D., Sejrup, H.P., Haflidason, H., Johnsen, S. and Spurk, M. 1998: A 8200 cal. yr coolingevent in northwest Europe, induced by final stages of Laurentide ice-sheet deglaciation ? Journal of Quaternary Science 13, 165-169. Mienert J, Posewang J, Baumann M, 1998. Geophysical signature of gas hydrates along the north-eastern Atlantic Margins: Possible hydrate-bound margin instabilities and possible transfer of methane from oceanosphere to atmosphere. In: Henriet, J.P. and Mienert, J., (eds). Gas hydrates: Relevance to world margin stability and climate change. Geological Society Special Publication No. 137, 275-292. Shpakov, V.P, Tse.J.S., Kvamme, B., Belosludov, V.R.: "Elastic moduli calculation and instability in structure I methane clathrate hydrate". Chem.Phys.Lett., 1998, 282, 107

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1999

Clennell, MB, Hovland, M, Booth, JS, Henry, P, and Winters, WJ., 1999. Formation of natural gas hydrates in marine sediments. Part 1: Conceptual model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by host sediment properties, J. Geophys. Res. 104, B 10, 22985-23003. Eldholm, O., Sundvor, E., Vogt, P.R., Hjelstuen, B.O., Crane, K., Nilsen, A.K. and Gladczenko, T.P., 1999. SW Barents Sea continental margin heat flow and Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. Geo-Marine Letters 19: 29-37. Gravdal, A., 1999. Kvartære sedimentasjonsprosesser i Helland-Hansen området; sidesøkende sonar (TOBI) og seismiske undersøkelser. Unpublished Cand. Scient. thesis, University of Bergen, Norway, 126 pp. Hjelstuen, B.O., Eldholm, O. and Vogt, P. R., 1999. Slamdiapirar og slamvulkanar på den norske kontinentalmarginen. GEO 4: 2 pp. Hjelstuen, B.O., Eldholm, O., Faleide, J.I. and Vogt, P.R., 1999. Regional setting of Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano, SW Barents Sea margin. Geo-Marine Letters 19: 22-28. Hovland, M. and Mortensen, P.B., 1999. Norske korallrev og prosesser i havbunnen. (Norwegian coral reefs and processes in the seafloor), John Grieg Forlag, Bergen, Norway, 160 pp. Hovland, M., Francis, T.J.G., Claypool, G.E. and Ball, M.M., 1999. Strategy for scientific drilling of marine gas hydrates. Joides Journal, 25, no. 1., 20-24. Mienert, J. and Posewang, J., 1999. Evidence of shallow- and deep-water gas hydrate destabilizations in North Atlantic polar continental margin sediments. Geo-Marine Letters 19: 143-149 Posewang, J. and Mienert, J., 1999. High-resolution seismic studies of gas hydrates west of Svalbard. Geo-Marine Letters 19: 150-156 Posewang, J. and Mienert, J., 1999.The enigma of double BSRs: Indicators for changes in the hydrate stability field. Geo-Marine Letters 19:157-163 Rise, L., Sættem, J., Fanavoll, S., Thorsnes, T., Ottesen, D. & Bøe, R. 1999: Sea-bed pockmarks related to fluid migration from Mesozoic bedrock strata in Skagerrak offshore Norway. Marine and Petroleum Geology 17, 619631. Vogt, P.R., Crane, K., Sundvor, E., Hjelstuen, B.O., Gardner, J., Bowles, F., and Cherkashev, G., 1999. Groundtruthing 11-12 kHz sidescan sonar imagery in the Norwegian- Greenland Sea - Part II: Probable diapirs on the Bear Island Fan slide valley margins and the Vøring Plateau. Geo-Marine Letters 19: 111-130.

2000 Andreassen K., Mienert, J., Bryn, P., Singh, S.C., 2000. A double gas-hydrate related bottom simulating reflector at the Norwegian Continental Margin. In: Special Volume Third International Conference on Gas hydrates, Utah, USA. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 126-135. Andreassen, K., Mienert, J., Paull, C., Parkes, J., Foucher, J-P. and Sejrup, H.P. 2000. Storegga Slide Gas Hydrate Drilling. Drilling Proposal to the Ocean Drilling Program. ODP Proposal No 557-Full. Clennell, M.B., Judd, A. and Hovland, M., 2000. Movement and accumulation of methane in marine sediments: Relation to gas hydrate systems. In: Max, M. (Ed) Oceanic Gas Hydrates. Chapter X. Hovland, M., 2000. Polhavet blir forskningsarena. Teknisk Ukeblad, 147 (29), 26. Hovland, M., 2000. Are there commercial deposits of marine hydrates in ocean sediments? Energy Exploration & Exploitations, 18, 339-347. Jakobsen, M., Hudson, J.A. and Singh, S.C., 2000. Elastic properties of hydrate-bearing sediments using effective medium theory. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. B1, 561-577.

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Kvamme, B., “Phase transitions and stabilities in seawater containing carbon dioxide”. Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 2000; ISBN: 0-9634343-4-9. Honolulu, Hawaii. pp. 279-289. Max, M.D., Mienert, J., Andreassen, K., Berndt, Chr., 2000. Gas Hydrate in Arctic and northern North Atlantic Oceans. In: Natural Gas Hydrate in Oceanic and Permafrost Environments (Ed. M. Max), Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 171-182 Mienert J, Andreassen K, Posewang J, and Lukas, D., 2000. Changes of the Hydrate Stability Zone of the Norwegian Margin from Glacial to Interglacial Times. In: Gas Hydrates – Challenges for the Future (Ed. Holder, G.D, and Bishnoi, P.R), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 912, p. 200-210. Sejrup, H.P., Larsen, E., Landvik, J., King, E. L, Haflidason, H. and Nesje, A., 2000. Quaternary glaciations in southern Fennoscandia: evidence from southwestern Norway and the northern North Sea region. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 667-685.

2001 Mienert ,J, Posewang J, Lukas D, 2001. Changes in the Hydrate Stability Zone on the Norwegian Margin and their Consequence for Methane and Carbon Releases into the Oceanosphere. The Northern North Atlantic: A changing environment (eds. Schäfer P., Ritzrau W, Schlüter M, and Thiede), Springer Verlag, New York. 491pp., p. 281290. Hovland, M. and Gudmestad, O.T., 2001. Potential influence of gas hydrates on seabed installations. In: Paull, C.K. and Dillon, W.P. (Eds.): Natural gas hydrates, Am. Geophys. Union, Geophys. Monograph Ser., 124, 300309. Hovland, M., et al., 2001. The high-Arctic drilling challenge: Excerpts from the Final Report of the Arctic's role in Global change Program Planning Group (PPG), JOIDES Journal, 27 (1), 7-20. Jakobsen, M., Johansen, T.A. and Ruud, B.O., 2001. Modeled velocity and reflectivity properties of anisotropic hydrated sediments. Journal of Computational Acoustics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1507-1522. Løseth, H., Wensaas, L. and Hovland, M., 2001. Fluid injection causing shallow mud diapirism in the Hordaland group, North Sea. . (Abstr.) Abstract book, Conf.: Subsurface sediment mobilisation. Univ. Of Gent, Belgium, Sept, 2001, 38. Hovland, M., Bjørkum, P.A., Gudmestad, O.T. and Orange, D., 2001. Gas hydrate and seeps - effects on slope stability: The "hydraulic model". ISOPE Conf proceedings, Stavanger., 471-476, ISOPE (International society for offshore and polar engineering), New York. Kuznetsova, T., Kvamme, B., "Viabilty of Atomistic Potentials for Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide at Low Temperatures”, Journal of Computational Chemistry, 2001, 22, 1772,

2002 Berndt, C., Mienert, J., Vanneste, M., Bünz, S. and Bryn, P.: Submarine slope-failure offshore Norway triggers rapid gas hydrate decomposition, in: Proceedings of the Fourth international Conference on Gas Hydrates, Yokohama, Japan, May 19-23, 2002, pp. 71-74. Bøe, R., Magnus, C., Osmundsen, P.T. & Rindstad, B.I. 2002: CO2 point sources and subsurface storage capacities for CO2 in aquifers in Norway. NGU Report 2002.010, 132 s. Høst, J. & Bøe, R. 2002: Hvor kan CO2 deponeres i Norge. NGU Årsrapport for 2001. Hovland, M., 2002. On the self-sealing nature of marine seeps. Continental Shelf Research, 22, 2387-2394. Hovland, M., Gardner, J.V. and Judd, A.G., 2002. The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards. Geofluids, 2, 127-136.

Knies, J. and Mann, U. 2002: Depositional Environment and Source Rock Potential of Miocene Strata from the central Fram Strait: Introduction of a New Computing Tool for Simulating Organic Facies Variations. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 19, 811-828. Kuznetsova, T. og Kvamme, B., “Thermodynamic properties and surface tension of model water-carbon dioxide systems”. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2002; (4):937-941

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Kuznetsova, T., Kvamme, B.: " Thermodynamic properties and surface tension of model water-carbon dioxide systems", Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2002, 4, 437. Kvamme, Bjørn. Initiation and growth of hydrate from nucleation theory. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 2002; 12(4):256-262 Mienert, J., Berndt, C., Laberg, J. S., and Vorren, T.O.: "Submarine Landslides on Continental Margins" in: Wefer, G., Billet, D., Hebbeln, D., Jørgensen, B.B., Schlüter, M. & van Veering, T. (eds.), Ocean Margin Systems, Springer Verlag, 179-193, 2002. Vanneste, M., Mienert, J., Guidard, S., & HYDRATECH-INGGAS partners. "Arctic" gas hydrates offshore Western Svalbard, Norway. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. Yokohama, May 19-23, 222-227, 2002. 2003 Andreassen, K. Berteussen, K.A., Sognnes, H., Henneberg, K., Langhammer, J., Mienert, J., 2003. Multicomponent ocean bottom cable data in gas hydrate investigations offshore of Norway. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 108, N0. B8, 2399. Bøe, R., Rindstad, B.I. & Magnus, C. 2003: Case studies Norway. In Hendriks, C. & Egberts, P. (eds.): Carbon dioxide sequestration systems: economic evaluation and case studies. Ecofys Report M740, 178 pp Bünz, S., Mienert, J. and Berndt, C., 2003. "Geological controls on the Storegga gas-hydrate system of the midNorwegian continental margin" Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 209 (3-4), 291-307. Fichler, C., Rueslåtten, H., Hovland, M. and Henriksen, S., 2003. Ice age gas hydrates ? a leakage indicator by shallow morphology and magnetic anomalies. (abstr.) EAEG Conference, Stavanger, June 2003. Gránásy, L., Pusztai, T., Jurek, Z., Conti. M., Kvamme, B., Phase field theory of nucleation in the hard sphere liquid. J.Chem.Phys., 2003, 119, 10376 – 10382 Gravdal, A., Haflidason, H., Evans, D., 2003. Seabed and Subsurface Features on the Southern Vøring Plateau and Northern Storegga Slide Escarpment. In: Mienert, J., Weaver, P. (Eds.), European margin sediment dynamics side-scan sonar and seismic images, Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 44-53. Haflidason, H., Gravdal, A., Sejrup, H.P., 2003. The Northern Storegga Slide Scarpment – Morphology and Features. In: Mienert, J., Weaver, P. (Eds.), European margin sediment dynamics - side-scan sonar and seismic images, Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 45-53. Hovland, M. and Risk, M., 2003. Do Norwegian deep-water coral reefs rely on seeping fluids? Marine Geology, 198, 83-96. Hovland, M., 2003. Geomorphological, geophysical, and geochemical evidence of fluid flow through the seabed. J. Geochem. Exploration, 78-79, 287-291. Judd, A.G., Hovland, M., Dimitrov, L.I., Carcía Gil, S. and Jukes, V., 2002. The geological methane budget at continental margins and its influence on climate change. Geofluids, 2, 109-126.

Knies, J. & Vogt, C. 2003: Freshwater pulses in the eastern Arctic Ocean during Saalian and Early Weichselian ice-sheet collapse. Quaternary Research, 60, 243-251. Knies, J., Hald, M., Ebbesen, H., Mann, U. & Vogt, C. 2003: A decadal deglacial – middle Holocene record of biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity changes from the northern Norwegian continental shelf. Paleoceanography, 18 (4), 1096, doi:10.1029/2002PA000872. Kuznetsova, T., Kvamme, B., "Atomistic Computer Simulations for Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide at Low Temperatures", Energy Convers. Mgmt., 2002, 43, 2601-2623. Kvamme, B, Kuznetsova, T.,Aasoldsen., K., Molecular dynamics simulations as a tool for selection of candidates for kinetic hydrate inhibitors, Submitted to Molecular Simulation, 2003 Kvamme, Bjørn. Droplets of dry ice and cold liquid CO2 for self transport to large depths. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 2003; 13(1):1-8

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Mienert, J., Andreassen, K. and Bünz, S., 2003. Gas Hydrates at Storegga Slide; In: Mienert and Weaver (Eds.), European Margin Sediment Dynamics: Side-Scan Sonar and Seismic Images, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 107-110. Obdam, A., van der Meer, L., May, F., Bech, N., Kervevan, C., Thiéry, D., Menjoz, A., Bøe, R., Holloway, S., Magnus, C., Schuppers, J., Hatziyannis, G. & Dusar, M. 2003: GESTCO Simulation cases of CO2 sequestration. TNO-report NITG 03-091-A, 63 pp. Schuppers, J.D, Holloway, S., May, F., Gerling, P., Bøe, R., Magnus, C., Riis, F., Osmundsen, P.T., Larsen, M., Andersen, P.R. & Hatzyannis, G. 2003: Storage capacity and quality of hydrocarbon structures in the North Sea and Aegan region. TNO Report NITG 02-020-B, 54 pp. Sejrup, HP., Larsen, E., Haflidason, H., Berstaad, I., Hjelstuen, B., Jonsdottir, H., King, E.L., Landvik, J., Longva, O., Nygård, A., Ottesen, D., Raunholm, S., Riise, L., Stalsberg, K. 2003. Configuration, history and impact of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream. Boreas 32, 18-36. Vorren, T., Sejrup, H.P. and Dowdeswell, J. 2003. The Norwegian Margin. In: European Margin Sediment Dynamics (eds Mienert, J. & Weaver, A. J.), pp. 19-30, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin. 2004

Knies, J., Damm, E., Pinturier-Geiss, L, Mann, U. (2004): Near-surface hydrocarbon anomalies in shelf sediments off Spitsbergen: Evidences for past seepages. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystem 5 (1). Kvamme, B., Kuznetsova, T., ”Hydrate dissociation in chemical potential gradients: theory and simulations”, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 217, 2, 95 - 104, 2004 Kvamme, B, Graue, A.,Aspenes, E., Kuznetsova, T., Gránásy, L., Tóth, G., Pusztai, T.,Tegze G., Towards understanding the kinetics of hydrate formation: Phase field theory of hydrate nucleation and magnetic resonance imaging, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6, 2327−34. In press Berndt, C., Bünz, S., Clayton, T., Mienert, J. and Saunders, M. (in press): "Seismic character of bottom simulating reflectors". Marine and Petroleum Geology Berndt, C., Mienert, J., Vanneste, M. and Bünz, S. (in press): "Gas hydrate dissociation and seafloor collapse in the wake of the Storegga Slide, Norway" Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publication, Elsevier Sciences Bünz, S., Mienert, J., Bryn, P. and Berg, K. (in press) : Potential impacts of fluids on slope failures: A 3D seismic view, Basin Research. Gránásy, L., Pusztai, T., Börzsönyi, T., Warren, J. A., Kvamme, B., James, P. F., Nucleation and polycrystalline solidification in binary phase field theory. Physics and Chemistry of Glasses, in press Gránásy L, Pusztai T, Tegze G, Kuznetsova T and Kvamme B 2004 Towards a full dynamic model of CO2 hydrate formation in aqueous solutions: Phase field theory of nucleation and growth. Gas Hydrates, ed Taylor C E and Kwan J T, (Kluver & Academic, New York), in press. Hjelstuen, B.O., Sejrup, H.P., Haflidason, H., Nygård, A., Ceramicola, S., and Bryn, P. Late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy, glacial history and evolution of the Storegga Slide and adjacent flank regions, Norwegian continental margin. In press Marine and Petroleum Geology. Nygård, A., Sejrup. H.P., Haflidason, H. and Bryn, P. The glacial North Sea Fan, southern Norwegian Margin: Architecture and evolution from the upper continental slope to the deep-sea basin. In press Marine and Petroleum Geology. Sejrup,H.P., Haflidason, H., Hjelstuen,B.O., Nygård,A., Bryn,P. & Lien,R., 2004 . Pleistocene development of the SE Nordic Sea Margin. In press Marine Geology. Submitted Mienert, J., Bünz, S., Guidard, S., Vanneste, M., Berndt, C (subm.): Ocean bottom seismometer investigations in the Ormen Lange area offshore mid-Norway provide evidence for shallow gas layers in subsurface sediments. Marine and Petroleum Geology (Ormen Lange Special Issue).

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