Wind energy - A new offshore activity ? By Finn Gunnar Nielsen Chief Researcher, StatoilHydro
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1970: 4 billion people
Source: NASA
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2000: 6 billion people
Source: NASA
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Norwegian green house emissions – “Lavutslippsutvalget 2006”. Wind power: z100 z
TWh/ year potential
7 TWh/ year within 2020
Source: Lavutslippsutvalget, 2006
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Installed wind power capacity (MW) in EU
Average annual growth 2000 – 2005:
26%
Source: EWEA, 2006
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Vision for 2027. NFR –RENERGI foresight report 2007 Flytende offshore vindkraftverk 6000 MW, 25 TWh/år, sparer 18 millioner tonn CO2 / år
Flytende offshore vindkraftverk – en effektiv løsning på klimautfordringen Fremtidsbilde 2027: • Offshore vindkraft brukes i stor skala • Offshore transmisjonsnett langs norsk sokkel, koblet til vindparker, olje og gass installasjoner og utenlandsforbindelser • Norske fabrikanter (årlig omsetning 500 MW ~ 10 milliarder NOK) • Markedet er globalt og i sterk vekst
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Wind Power installed in Europe
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Europe is leading the way in wind energy • EU summit
March 9th, 2007 confirms the strong drive for more renewable energy.
• EWEA vision:
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Why offshore?
• Avoid area, noise and visual conflicts
• Large areas available • Higher wind velocities • Power to offshore platforms Middelgrunden offshore Copenhagen
Todays concepts: 0 – 25 m depth
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Wind power – growing industry. size of turbines Wind-rush 1980 -- California
Vestas V120, 4.5 MW
5000kW Ø 125m
Micon 55kW turbines
Courtesy: 1981 NEG Micon A/S
2000kW Ø 80m
600kW 500kW
Ø 50m
Ø 40m 50kW Ø 15m
Year 1980
100kW Ø 20m
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
5
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Offshore wind farms in EU – presently near shore & shallow waters •
End of 2005: 800 MW installed
Offshore wind farm by 2004. Source: IEA
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Support structures < 30 m z
Piled
z
Gravity
z
Tripod
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Offshore wind turbines
Demanding offshore operations
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Intermediate water depth – OWEC tower quadropod • Installed at Beatrice field (2006) – 45 m water depth – REpower 5 MW turbine, D= 126m, W = 400 tonnes
Source: Repower Systems AG
Source: Talisman
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Demanding offshore operations
Source: Repower Systems AG
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Floating foundations. Moderate water depths, < 50m zTechnical
challenges:
zSimple
geometries
zStability zTip
clearance
zWave
induced motions Henderson et al. (2003).
zFatigue zMooring
loads
zAccess
Multi-Turbine floater, Henderson et al. (2002)
Bulder et al., 2003
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Deep water concepts considered by MIT / NREL /DOE
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The SWAY system Tension leg system Rotating tower Downwind turbine Streamlined tower Stay system
Source: SWAY / DN
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Challenges offshore • Expensive foundation • Expensive grid connection • Weather dependent installation • Less accessible – lower availability. • Can this be compensated by turbine size? ( > 5MW)
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The Hywind concept Combining proven technologies – Floating concrete sub-structure – ”Off-the-shelf” offshore wind turbines – Water-depths >100 m – Inshore construction, towing to site Significant potential – Power to offshore installations – Power to grid, Norway and internationally Technology developed by StatoilHydro, experience from – Offshore floating platforms – El-production – On-shore wind turbines.
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Dynamic analysis
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New technology has been developed. Building upon StatoilHydro’s O&E competence
Integrated dynamic analysis for fatigue optimisation
M o o r in g s y s te m - Y a w s tiffn e s s 18000 16000
Moment (kNm) -
14000
Mooring system optimisation
12000
One c o n n e c tio n p o in t
10000 8000 6000
D e lta lin e s o lu tio n
4000 2000
90
84
78
72
66
60
54
48
42
36
30
6
24
18
12
0
0
Y a w a n g le (d e g r e e s )
3 0 c o n v e n t io n a l a c t iv e d a m p in g
2 5
Active Damping Control
tower top y motion [m]
2 0
1 5
1 0
5
0
- 5
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0 t im
5 0 0 e [ s ]
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
1 0 0 0
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Importance of control algorithm Horizontal motion of nacelle Hub Motion, x-direction 25 conventional active damping estimator based
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x [m]
10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20
0
100
200
300
400
500 600 time [s]
700
800
900
1000
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Hywind technical development • • •
Theory and computer codes. Control algorithms
• •
Engineering studies. Production and installation studies.
Model tests.
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Hywind - from idea to commercial concept – Ready to move into the demonstration phase
Current status
Onshore connected parks
O&G park Market Focus Demo
Cost Focus
Model test
Concept & theory Technical Focus
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The Hywind concept
Height of rotor centre Power: Rotor diameter: Draft: Displacement: Energy Reduced CO2 emission1
Commercial unit
Demo unit
80 m 5 -6 MW 120 m 125 m 8000 m3 22GWh/ year 13000 tonn/ year
63m 2.3 MW 82 m 110 m 6500 m3
z Concrete hull – steel an option
3 line mooring. Dynamic control of blade pitch. z Assembled in sheltered waters and towed to site. z z
1) Gas turbine with 35% efficiency
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Location at Karmøy
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Vision • Share infrastructure; Power to shore and platforms. • Reduce emission to air • New clean power Shore Capacity
~100MW
~100 MW Total load Peak capacity
~200MW
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Fields on NCS with local power plants
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A huge wind potential •
Gas from Ormen Lange can produce 125 TWh/ year for 20 years.
•
The same amount can be produced from a Hywind windfarm with a size of 70km * 70km – for ever.
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A truly global potential Map: NASA
•
Deepwater sites exists near major consumption areas
