2 Which two organ systems provide materials required for the human body to produce ATP? (1) reproductive and excretory (2) digestive and respiratory (3) respiratory and immune (4) digestive and reproductive
3
In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
(1) They both occur in chloroplasts. (2) They both require sunlight. (3) They both involve organic and inorganic molecules. (4) They both require oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.
4 Which substance is the most direct source of the energy that an animal cell uses for the synthesis of materials? (1) ATP (2) glucose
(3) DNA (4) starch
5 A food chain is represented below.
This food chain contains (1) (2) (3) (4)
4 consumers and no producers 1 predator, 1 parasite, and 2 producers 2 carnivores and 2 herbivores 2 predators, 1 herbivore, and 1 producer
6 A student performed an experiment to demonstrate that a plant needs chlorophyll for photosynthesis. He used plants that had green leaves with white areas. After exposing the plants to sunlight, he removed a leaf from each plant and processed the leaves to remove the chlorophyll. He then tested each leaf for the presence of starch. Starch was found in the area of the leaf that was green, and no starch was found in the area of the leaf that was white. He concluded that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis. Which statement represents an assumption the student had to make in order to draw this conclusion? (1) Starch is synthesized from the glucose produced in the green areas of the leaf. (2) Starch is converted to chlorophyll in the green areas of the leaf. (3) The white areas of the leaf do not have cells. (4) The green areas of the leaf are heterotrophic.
7 An energy pyramid is shown below.
Which graph best represents the relative energy content of the levels of this pyramid?
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below that shows interactions between several organisms located in a meadow environment and on your knowledge of biology.
8 A rapid decrease in the frog population results in a change in the hawk population. State how the hawk population may change. Support your answer. [1]
9 Identify one cell structure found in a producer in this meadow system that is not found in the carnivores. [1]
_______________________________________
10 Energy from organic molecules can be stored in ATP molecules as a direct result of the process of (1) cellular respiration (2) cellular reproduction (3) diffusion (4) digestion
11 The diagram below represents events associated with a biochemical process that occurs in some organisms.
Which statement concerning this process is correct? (1) The process represented is respiration and the primary source of energy for the process is the Sun. (2) The process represented is photosynthesis and the primary source of energy for the process is the Sun. (3) This process converts energy in organic compounds into solar energy which is released into the atmosphere. (4) This process uses solar energy to convert oxygen into carbon dioxide.
12 In the transfer of energy from the Sun to ecosystems, which molecule is one of the first to store this energy? (1) protein
(3) DNA
(2) fat
(4) glucose
13 The graph below represents the amount of available energy at successive nutrition levels in a particular food web.
The Xs in the diagram represent the amount of energy that was most likely (1) changed into inorganic compounds (2) retained indefinitely by the herbivores (3) recycled back to the producers (4) lost as heat to the environment
14 The diagram below represents an energy pyramid constructed from data collected from an aquatic ecosystem.
Which statement best describes this ecosystem? (1) The ecosystem is most likely unstable. (2) Long-term stability of this ecosystem will continue. (3) The herbivore populations will continue to increase in size for many years. (4) The producer organisms outnumber the consumer organisms.
15
What is an appropriate title for this diagram? (1) Energy Flow in a Community (2) Ecological Succession (3) Biological Evolution (4) A Food Chain
16
Which organism carries out autotrophic nutrition? (1) hawk (2) cricket (3) grass (4) deer
17
State what would most likely happen to the cricket population if all of the grasses were removed. [1] ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
18 Paper chromatography is a laboratory technique that is used to (1) separate different molecules from one another (2) stain cell organelles (3) indicate the pH of a substance (4) compare relative cell sizes
19 Based on these data, which two plant species appear to be most closely related? Support your answer. [1] Plant species ____________ and __________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
20 What additional information could be gathered to support your answer to question 71? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
21 State one reason why scientists might want to know if two plant species are closely related. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
22 A plant cell in a microscopic field of view is represented below.
The width (w) of this plant cell is closest to
23 Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph? (1) It manufactures its own food. (2) It divides by mitosis. (3) It transforms light energy into chemical energy. (4) It obtains nutrients from its environment.
24 Base your answer to the following question on the energy pyramid below and on your knowledge of biology.
Which level includes organisms that receive their energy from level B?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
25 Base your answer to the following question on the energy pyramid below and on your knowledge of biology.
Which level includes organisms that get their energy exclusively from a source other than the organisms in this ecosystem?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
26 Which statement most accurately predicts what would happen in the aquarium shown below if it were tightly covered and maintained in natural light for one month?
(1) The water temperature would rapidly decrease. (2) The process of respiration in the snail would decrease. (3) The rate of reproduction of the fish would be affected. (4) The organisms would probably survive because materials would cycle.
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The Control of Transpiration Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typically occurs during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known as transpiration, is both beneficial and harmful to plants. Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the rate of transpiration, but the size of each stomate opening can be regulated. Reducing the size of the openings during drought conditions may help reduce the dehydration and wilting that would otherwise occur. A leaf may lose more than its own weight in water each day. Transpiration also lowers the internal temperature of the leaf as water evaporates. On hot days, temperatures in the leaves may be from 3º to 15ºC cooler than the outside air. With stomates open, vital gases may be exchanged between the leaf tissues and the outside environment. Researchers have also found many plants that use another response when leaf temperatures rise. Special molecules known as heat shock proteins are produced by plant cells and help to hold enzymes in their functional shapes.
27 State one way transpiration is beneficial to plants. [1] ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
28 Identify two of the "vital gases" that are exchanged between leaf tissues and the outside environment. [1] _________________________ and _________________________
29 Identify the specific leaf structures that regulate the opening and closing of stomates. [1] _______________________________
30 Explain why it is important for plants to "hold enzymes in their functional shapes." [1] ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
31 Which phrase, if placed in box X, would correctly complete the flowchart shown below?
(1) Increased use of starch in root cells (2) Increased concentration of glucose in leaf cells (3) Decreased ATP in root cells (4) Decreased concentration of oxygen in leaf cells
32 The leaves of a plant are dotted with openings known as stomata. When open, stomata allow the plant to exchange gases and allow moisture to evaporate, helping to draw water from the roots up into the plant. These activities help the plant to (1) produce light energy (2) maintain homeostasis (3) decompose organic matter (4) synthesize minerals
33 Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the diagram below, which represents a pond food web, and on your knowledge of biology.
Which energy pyramid most accurately shows the energy relationships between three organisms in this food web?
34 A technique used to analyze pigments in spinach leaves is shown in the diagram below.
This technique is known as (1) paper chromatography (2) gene manipulation (3) dissection (4) staining
