What you need to know about
Pre-diabetes
Pre-diabetes What is pre-diabetes? When you have pre-diabetes, your blood sugar levels are high but not high enough to have diabetes. Pre-diabetes can lead to other serious problems, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Now is the time to take action to manage your pre-diabetes. This may help to prevent other problems.
Pre-diabetes is a warning sign of increased risk for:
Type 2 diabetes
Heart disease
Stroke
Blindness
86 million American adults–
86
more than 1 out of 3
If you have pre-diabetes, taking action today for a healthier lifestyle may help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.
– have pre-diabetes
MILLION
2
Are you at risk for pre-diabetes? Check the “Yes” or “No” box by each question to learn about your risks of getting pre-diabetes. Yes
No
Are you overweight or obese?
Yes
No
Do you spend most of your time sitting?
Yes
No
Are you 45 years or older?
Yes
No
Does one of your parents or a brother or sister have type 2 diabetes?
Yes
No
Are you African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American, or Pacific Islander?
Yes
No
Have you been diagnosed with hypertension?
Yes
No
Have you been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease?
Yes
No
Is your HDL (good cholesterol) lower than 35 mg/dL or triglycerides more than 250 mg/dL?
Yes
No
If you are female, have you had diabetes during a pregnancy?
Yes
No
If you are female, have you ever had a baby weighing 9 or more pounds?
Yes
No
If you are female, have you been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, also known as PCOS?
If you answer “Yes” to one of the questions, talk to your healthcare provider about your pre-diabetes risks. Pre-diabetes usually does not have any symptoms, so it is important to know your risks.
3
How is pre-diabetes diagnosed? These blood tests are used for diagnosing pre-diabetes: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG): This test checks your blood sugar levels after an 8-hour fast. This means that you should not eat or drink anything but water for at least 8 hours before the test. It is usually done in the morning before breakfast. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): For this test, you’ll get a sugary drink. Two hours later, you’ll have blood drawn. This test is also done after an 8-hour fast. This means that you should not eat or drink anything but water for at least 8 hours before the test. A1C: This test checks your blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months.
Tests for diabetes
Your healthcare team may also refer to pre-diabetes as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose.
This chart shows the test results that can tell if you have pre-diabetes or diabetes. For example, if your A1C test is 6%, your doctor may suspect pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes Diagnosis
Diabetes Diagnosis
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
100-125 mg/dL
126 mg/dL or higher
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
140-199 mg/dL
200 mg/dL or higher
A1C
5.7%-6.4%
6.5% or higher
Blood Test
Your Blood Test Results
Ask your doctor for your blood test results. Write the numbers in the spaces above.
How often should I have my blood sugar tested? If you are diagnosed with pre-diabetes, you should have these blood tests yearly or as recommended by your healthcare team.
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What can you do if you have pre-diabetes?
If you have pre-diabetes, losing weight by:
You can take the steps below to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes: • cutting back on calories and saturated fat • losing weight • increasing your daily physical activity
Healthy food choices
Being more active
May lower your risk for type 2 diabetes
Make an action plan Taking small steps can help you make healthy lifestyle changes. Use the questions below to talk to your healthcare team. Your team can help you create an action plan to meet your goals. Questions to ask your healthcare team
Your Action Plan
Your Goal
How can I be more active every day? What types of physical activities are best for me? How can I manage my weight? What are some healthy food choices I can make? What healthy foods should I choose when I eat out? What are some healthy snacks I can eat? What carbohydrates are better for me to eat? If you’re overweight, losing 7% of your total weight may help to make a big difference in your health. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, your goal would be to lose 14 pounds. Talk to your healthcare provider about starting moderate physical activity such as brisk walking for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week or a total of 150 minutes each week. This, plus healthy food choices, may help your overall health. 5
Where can you get more information on pre-diabetes? The American Diabetes Association • www.diabetes.org/are-you-at-risk/ prediabetes/ • 1-800-DIABETES (1-800-342-2383) Center For Disease Control: National Diabetes Prevention Program • www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ prevention/prediabetes.htm • 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)
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