What is microbial ecology? Chapter 1 - Microbial Ecology: Historical Development thomas edison dela cruz department of biological sciences college of science university of santo tomas

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾

Robert Hooke z

microscopic observation of fungi and protozoa

¾ term „ecology“ ecology“ z

Greek words: • oikos : household or dwelling • logus: law

¾ the

science that ... explores the interrelationships between organisms and their living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) environments

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾ Anton van Leeuwenhoek z

descriptions and detailed of bacteria

1

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾ Anton van Leeuwenhoek z z

microbes in rainwater effects of pepper on microbes

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾

Lazzaro Spallanzani & Spontaneous Generation z

putrefaction of organic substrates is caused by minute organisms that do not arise spontaneously

Proceedings of the Royal Society

The beginnings of Microbiology Charles CagniardCagniard-Latour, Theodor Schwann & Friedrich Kü Kützing z

living plantlike microorganisms (yeast) cause alcoholic fermentation

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾ Louis Pasteur z

demolished the theory of spontaneous generation

2

The beginnings of Microbiology

The beginnings of Microbiology

Louis Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation

Louis Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation

The beginnings of Microbiology

The beginnings of Microbiology

Louis Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation

¾ Louis z

z

Pasteur and Pasteurization

uses precisely controlled heat to reduce the microbial populations (microbial load) in milk and other heatheatsensitive liquids (wine) does not kill all microorganisms • Listeria monocytogenes, monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp. • Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7

z

retards the growth of spoilage microorganisms

3

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾ John Tyndall z

particleparticle-free air does not cause spoilage of sterile media

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾

Ferdinand Cohn z

described the endospores of Bacillus subtilis

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾

John Tyndall and Tyndallization z

discontinuous heat treatments

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾ Robert z

Koch

roles of microorganisms as causative agents of infectious diseases

4

The beginnings of Microbiology Robert Koch and the Germ Theory of Disease

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Sergei z

Winogradsky

The beginnings of Microbiology ¾ Robert

Hooke and Pure Culture

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Sergei

Winogradsky

model system for growing anaerobic, photosynthetic and microaerophilic soil bacteria

5

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Sergei z z z z

z

Winogradsky

oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur concept of microbial chemoautotrophy reduction of nitrate anaerobic nitrogennitrogen-fixing bacteria and symbiotic nitrogen fixation nutritional classification of soil microorganisms

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Martinus z

Beijerinck

symbiotic and nonsymbiotic aerobic nitrogen fixation

• autochthonous • zymogenous z

father of soil microbiology

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Martinus

Beijerinck

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Martinus

Beijerinck

z

isolated sulfatesulfate-reducing bacteria

z

microbial transformations

z

biogeochemical cycling reactions

z

technique of enrichment culture

6

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Albert z

Jan Kluyver

microbial physiology • oxidative microorganisms • fermentative microorganisms • chemoautotrophic microorganisms

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾

Cornelius Bernardus van Niel z

bacterial phototrophy

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Cornelius Bernardus van Niel z

bacterial phototrophy • photosynthetic sulfur bacteria and green plants

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾ Cornelius Bernardus van Niel z

summer microbial ecology course Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Woods Hole, Massachusetts

7

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century ¾

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century

Roger Stanier z

microbial metabolism in ecological processes • Pseudomonas and complex organic compouds

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century James Waston and Francis Crick: Structure of DNA

¾ Norbert Pfennig z

phototrophic microorganisms

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century Frederick Sanger and DNA Sequencing

8

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century Kary Mullis and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century International Symposium on Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecology in the Twentieth Century Periodicals on Microbial Ecology ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Advances in Microbial Ecology Applied and Environmental Microbiology FEMS Microbial Ecology Microbial Ecology

9