What can primary standards do for you? Hans-Michael Kramer

IDOS Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 -12 November, 2010

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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Lateral expansion of metrology into: - chemistry - biotechnology - health care, e.g. for In Vitro diagnostic - food testing - quality of live, e.g. environmental monitoring, climate change etc.

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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Vertical expansion: Improvement of given services in terms of accuracy - accuracy requirements increasing by factors of 3 to 10 per decade, e.g. time/frequency; Cs-fountain, frequency combs etc., or dimensional metrology “Evolving Needs for Metrology in Trade, Industry and Society and the Role of the BIPM” (Kaarls Report, 2003)

• “… metrological infrastructure rate(s) among the most cost effective gouvernment investments ….” IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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7th Framework Programme (2007-2015) Four Targeted Programmes (TP) in ERA-NET+ (2007-2011) TP2: Health (financial vol. 21 M€) JRP6: Brachytherapy } ~ 8 M€ JRP7: External Beam Cancer Therapy Second call for a TP ‚Health‘ within EMRP in 2011 IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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In IR accuracy improvements achieved, e.g. u(DW)Co ~ 0.2% (k=1) But increases of 3 (10y)-1 or even 10 (10y)-1 are totally unrealistic The uncertainty of primary standards rarely dominates the uncertainty budget in clinical measurements i.e., further reductions of uncertainties of the primary standards are no more of prime concern instead: Development of standards dedicated for specific applications

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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20 %

MMV28; 0.32 mmAl MRV28; 0.39 mmAl MAV28; 0.54mmAl RRV28; 0.37 mmAl RAV28; 0.57 mmAl WMV28; 0.37 mmAl WRV28; 0.51mmAl WPV28; 0.49 mmAl WSV28; 0.50 mmAl WAV28; 0.40 mmAl

φE / φ

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25 keV 30

Ehν

140 Mammo rad. qual.,

88 „conventional“ rad. qual.

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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Dw = M Q ⋅ N DW ⋅ k Q ⋅ k NR ⋅ ∏ k i

N DW ≡ N

Co − 60 Dw

D w = M Q ⋅ N DW ⋅ ∏ k i

N DW = N DCow −60 ⋅ k Q ⋅ (k NR )

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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primary standard in Linac MV field

primary standard @ 60Co

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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0.978 0.976 0.974 0.972

relative spread

0.970

8 MV

16 MV

30013

0,21 %

0,20 %

31013

0,29 %

0,23 %

kQ

0.968 0.966

PTW 30013

PTW 31013

8 MV 16 M V

0.964 0.962 0.960 0.958 0.956 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No. chamber investigated N um m er derof untersuchten Ionisationskam m er

no. of chamber investigated

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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1.00 PPC05 0.99

PPC40, Similar results

4 MV 0.98 0.97

8 MV

kQ 0.96 0.95

25 MV

0.94 0.93

Average std. deviation PPC05 and PPC40: 0,18% 83

111

156

157

158

159

160

161

474

475

Serial number of chamber

R.-P Kapsch, I. Gomola, CN-182-63, This Symposium, Wednesday, 09:00-10:30 IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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Source of uncertainty in clinical measurement

Calc. typespecific kQs u ( DW )

60Co

Calibration factor N

Exp. typespecific kQs u ( DW )

0,50

0,25

Long term stability of calibration factor Q-measurement Density of air correction Deviation of rel. humidity from ref. value 50 % Correction for recombination Correction for the polarity effect Correction for temperature influences (other than kρ) Correction for non-reference conditions kNR Radiation quality correction factor kQ

0,15 0,25 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,30 1,00

0,15 0,25 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,20

Total rel. standard uncertainty

1,20

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

0,30 0,60 12

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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LNHB  GR‐10 small diameter graphite calorimeter

New graphite calorimeter especially designed for  small beam dosimetry 6 10.5 15

Operational since 2009/01 Used for 2cm*2cm small size beam in LNHB  LINAC   for photons: • 6 MV • 12 MV • 6 MV without flattening filter

6 16 32

scale  in mm

Core

Jacket

Shield

TPR20/10 10 cm x 10 cm

kQ (10 x 10)

kQ(3 x 3)

kQ(3x3)/kQ(10x10)

0.683 (6 MV)

0.9934±0.003

0.9923±0.003

0.9989±0.0038

0.733 (10 MV)

0.9864±0.003

0.9898±0.003

1.0034±0.0037

A. Krauss, CN-182-061, This Symposium, Thursday, 09:00 – 10:30

Extrapolation to 1 cm x 1 cm field by means of alanine dosimetry M. Anton, A. Krauss, R.-P. Kapsch, T. Hackel CN-182-058, Poster session on topic 2

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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A Sarfehnia et al, Med. Phys. 37 (2010), 3541 IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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GSI Darmstadt depth 50 mm spot size ~ 9 mm; raster ~ 4 mm 13 × 13 spots (~5 cm × 5 cm) each spot ~30 ms (~1 Gy/s) 12-times repeated

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3 ΔR / Ohm

ΔR / Ohm

scanned 12C ion beam (280 MeV/u)

0.2

0.1

time resolution 4)

Dosimetry for diagnostic radiology (conv. rad.: ~30 rad. qual.; mammo: → ∞) Dosimetry for external therapy - photons and electrons - IMRT, stereotactic app. and tomotherapy - hadrons - X-rays Dosimetry for brachytherapy - HDR photon sources - LDR photon sources - area and linear electron sources IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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Two current developments in metrology

Lateral expansion of metrology into: - chemistry - biotechnology - health care, e.g. for In Vitro diagnostic - food testing - quality of live, e.g. environmental monitoring, climate change etc.

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

35

Two current developments in metrology, cont’d Vertical expansion: Improvement of given services in terms of accuracy - accuracy requirements increasing by factors of 3 to 10 per decade, e.g. time/frequency; Cs-fountain, frequency combs etc. or dimensional metrology “Evolving Needs for Metrology in Trade, Industry and Society and the Role of the BIPM” (Kaarls Report, 2003)

• “… metrological infrastructure rate(s) among the most cost effective gouvernment investments ….”

IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

36

7th Framework Programme (2007-2015)

Four Targeted Programmes (TP) in ERA-NET+ (2007-2011) TP2: Health (financial vol. 21 M€) JRP6: Brachytherapy JRP7: External Beam Cancer Therapy

} ~ 8 M€

Second call for a TP ‚Health‘ within EMRP in 2011 IDOS-Symposium, IAEA, Vienna, 9 – 12 November, 2010 Hans-Michael Kramer

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Water calorimetry in carbon ion beams GSI Darmstadt depth 50 mm spot size ~ 9 mm; raster ~ 4 mm 13 × 13 spots (~5 cm × 5 cm) each spot ~30 ms (~1 Gy/s) 12-times repeated

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3 ΔR / Ohm

ΔR / Ohm

scanned 12C ion beam (280 MeV/u)

0.2

0.1

time resolution