Western New Mexico University

Fall 2015

Commencement Convocation Friday, the Eleventh of December 2:30 pm at the Fine Arts Center Theatre 1

Colonel Alfred J. Perez COL Alfred J. Perez was commissioned as a First Lieutenant in the New Mexico Army National Guard in May 1989 as an officer in the Judge Advocate General’s Corps (JAGC). COL Perez graduated from the 120th Judge Advocate Officer Basic Course in December 1989. He has also completed the Judge Advocate Officer Advanced Course and the Command and General Staff Officer Course. He has served as a Staff Judge Advocate for the 111th ADA BDE, the 111the MEB and the 93rd BDE. He currently serves as the Deputy State Judge Advocate, Joint Forces Headquarters, Santa Fe, NM. COL Perez deployed from January 2008 through January 2009, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. He was assigned to Joint Task Force Guantanamo where he was assigned as Chief of Legal Assistance and served as Liaison to the Office of Military Commissions. A career civilian prosecutor, COL Perez is currently an Assistant U.S. Attorney in the District of New Mexico, where he is assigned as a section supervisor. He has worked for the U.S. Attorney’s Office since November of 1995, during which time he has prosecuted cases involving violations of federal narcotics, immigration, firearm, and child exploitation laws. COL Perez is licensed to practice before the State Courts of New Mexico, the U.S. District Court of New Mexico, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. From January 1993 to November of 1995, COL Perez worked for the State of New Mexico as Chief Deputy District Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District. From May 1984 through December 1992, he worked as an Assistant District Attorney and Chief Deputy District Attorney with the Third Judicial District. From June 1981 to May 1984 he worked for the State of New Mexico as an Assistant Public Defender in Bernalillo County. COL Perez graduated from Western New Mexico University, earning a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration concentrating in Marketing and Management, and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of New Mexico School of Law. He is a Silver High School graduate and was raised in Silver City.

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Gregory George Master Speaker Gregory George is earning a Master Degree in Interdisciplinary Studies with concentrations in Criminal Justice and Psychology. George is from Bloomington, Indiana and attended Western New Mexico University completely online. For the past 35 years, George has worked in the probation, prison and substance abuse fields. He decided to pursue his master degree after a 33-year absence, having earned a bachelor degree in criminal justice and sociology in 1981. George describes his experience as a student at WNMU as a pivotal point in his life. His courses opened up his mind to helping those in need with positive alternatives to what he experienced during his career. George plans to retire in 2016 and become a community activist.

Jordan Summers Baccalaureate Speaker Jordan Summers is earning a Bachelor of Science Degree in Elementary Education. Summers is from Wickenburg, Arizona. While at WNMU, Summers was involved in several leadership roles including serving as a resident assistant with campus housing. During the summer of 2014, Summers designed and taught two classes for area youth. She is a board member of the Learning Center for Dyslexia and Academic Success where she facilitates the group's social media efforts and helps address issues related to learning disabilities. In May 2015, Summers was inducted into the WNMU Student Hall of Fame. She plans to become a teacher while also entering graduate school to earn a master's degree in either reading or educational leadership. 1

Western New Mexico University Board of Regents Ms. Janice Baca Argabright, President San Antonio, New Mexico

Mr. Jerry Walz, Vice-President Cedar Crest, New Mexico

Ms. Gabrielle S. (Gabby) Begay Student Regent/Secretary/Treasurer Arenas Valley, New Mexico

Dr. Carl Foster, Member Albuquerque, New Mexico

Dr. Dan Salzwedel, Member Sandia Park, New Mexico

Western New Mexico University Administration Executive Officers Joseph D. Shepard, Ph.D. President

W. Jack Crocker, Ph.D. Provost & Vice President for Academic Affairs

Brenda Findley, Ph.D. Vice President for Business Affairs

Mr. Isaac Brundage Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management

Magdaleno Manzanarez, Ph.D. Vice President for External Affairs

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Faculty Marshal Dr. Linda Baldwin, Professor

Order of Exercises Processional Pomp and Circumstance by Sir Edward Elgar

Convocation Dr. Linda Baldwin, Professor Faculty Marshal

Invocation Pastor Joseph Gros Calvary Chapel of Silver City

Color Guard Vietnam Veterans of America, Chapter 358

Pledge of Allegiance National Anthem Bryant Chaffino

Welcome & Introduction of Guests Dr. Joseph D. Shepard

Commencement Address Colonel Alfred J. Perez

ASWNMU President Lawrence R. Garcia

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Response from Graduates Mr. Gregory George, Master Speaker Ms. Jordan Summers, Baccalaureate Speaker

Presentation of Candidates Mr. Joseph Heidrick

Conferral of Degrees Dr. Joseph D. Shepard

Alumni Association Induction Ms. Amanda Moffett Director of Alumni Affairs

Benediction Pastor Joseph Gros Calvary Chapel of Silver City

Closing Dr. Linda Baldwin, Professor

Recessional Fanfare and Recessional James Ployhar

To respect the graduates the audience is to remain seated throughout the recessional. Note: Picture takers; please do not block the path of the graduates to or from the stage. Complimentary pictures of the graduates will be taken while receiving diploma Thank You.

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Master Degree Candidates Janelle Anderson Interdisciplinary Studies San Jose, CA Daniel Baggett Interdisciplinary Studies Jacksonville, FL Annie McKenna Brothers Interdisciplinary Studies Santa Fe, NM Brinda Chande Interdisciplinary Studies Wesley Chapel, FL Bonita Marie Chavez Interdisciplinary Studies Mayer, AZ Robert L. Codie III Interdisciplinary Studies Cape Coral, FL Corban Micah Davis Interdisciplinary Studies Farmington, NM Jessica Renee Enriquez Interdisciplinary Studies Tyrone, NM Andrew Gauger Interdisciplinary Studies Lehi, UT Gregory R. George Interdisciplinary Studies Bloomington, IN Stacy Hammond Interdisciplinary Studies Ellensburg, WA Alexander Martin Hoekstra Interdisciplinary Studies Liberty Township, OH

Michael-dharma Irwin Interdisciplinary Studies Alexandria, VA

JoLyn Lanae Tolley Interdisciplinary Studies Hachita, NM

Kimberly D. Kraaier Interdisciplinary Studies Campo, CO

Adrienne Joy Tremain Interdisciplinary Studies Portland, OR

Noemi Martinez Interdisciplinary Studies Weslaco, TX

Daniel Webster Turner, III Interdisciplinary Studies Apopka, FL

Cameron James Mower Interdisciplinary Studies Tyrone, NM

Jolene Jones-Yazzie Counseling Lupton, AZ

Justine M. Muñoz Interdisciplinary Studies Silver City, NM

Patricia Dawn Youngs Interdisciplinary Studies Otsego, MI

Patrice Adele Mutchnick Interdisciplinary Studies Silver City, NM

Master of Arts in Teaching

Johnny C. Pacheco Interdisciplinary Studies Deming, NM Yvonne Jasso-Perales Interdisciplinary Studies Deming, NM Angela Elizabeth Phillips Interdisciplinary Studies Rapid City, SD Alisa Rhoads Shook Interdisciplinary Studies Las Vegas, NV Roberto Alexander Robles Interdisciplinary Studies Ontario, CA Angela Joan Sisson Interdisciplinary Studies Indianapolis, IN

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Joel Anthony Gorton Reading Education Spokane, WA Wrenetta Greene Reading Education Socorro, NM Melissa Hernandez Reading Education Silver City, NM Dahlia M. Perez Elementary Education Deming, NM Sarah Cabrera Elementary Education Deming, NM Audrey L. Tovar Reading Education Bayard, NM Laurie Ware Reading Education Magdalena, NM

Lindy Kelley Williamson Secondary Education Cliff, NM

Laine Elizabeth Durin Social Work Wilmington, NC

Corinne Marie Smorra Social Work Troy, MT

Master of Business Administration

Heather D. Ensign Social Work Window Rock, AZ

Itzel Elena Soltero Social Work El Paso, TX

Erika Paige Grussendorf Social Work Texico, NM

Stephanie Wilton Social Work Santa Fe, NM

William Edward Heidenreich Social Work Las Cruces, NM

Christina Wolford Social Work Silver City, NM

Eli Brent Johnson Social Work Window Rock, AZ

Graduate Certificate Candidates

Ramona L. Crum Business Administration Silver City, NM Michael Kennedy Humphries Business Administration Estero, FL Allen Kinney Business Administration Marana, AZ Zachary Alexander Pankratz Business Administration Los Lunas, NM Terron Sumpter Jr. Business Administration Bonsall, CA

Master of Occupational Therapy James E. Highsmith Occupational Therapy Austell, GA

Master of Social Work

Bethany M. Knight Social Work Worcester, MA Mariah Noemi McDonald Social Work Silver City, NM Sandtina Myers Meléndrez Social Work Tyrone, NM Peggy Lynn Miller Social Work Gallup, NM

Marina Cisneros Social Work Las Cruces, NM

Blanca Ramos-Gaona Social Work Deming, NM

Koral Colón Cintrón Social Work Silver City, NM

Jerah E. Sherman Social Work Silver City, NM

Martin Anthony Cook Social Work Silver City, NM

Jennifer Lindsay Short Social Work Cave Creek, AZ

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Elsie Gonzales Andazola Special Education Silver City, NM Danielle Brianne Aguirre Leadership Healthcare Systems Silver City, NM Lindy Kelley Williamson Teaching Online Cliff, NM

Baccalaureate Degree Candidates Daniel Ray Acevedo BAS Criminal Justice Tucson, AZ Mario J. Alvarez BS Kinesiology El Paso, TX Venus A. Aragon BS Psychology Silver City, NM

Anthony Alexander Avina BAS Criminal Justice Gardena, CA

Maria A. Carrillo BAS Criminal Justice Silver City, NM

John Durham * BIS Interdisciplinary Bayard, NM

Steven L. Beckett * BAS Criminal Justice Rio Rancho, NM

David Torres Chavez BA Rehabilitation Services T or C, NM

Georgette Escobar * BS Psychology Tucson, AZ

Colette Beers * BS Psychology Silver City, NM

Esther Chico-Gutierrez BSN Nursing Silver City, NM

Shikyi Fenlon * BSN Nursing Mimbres, NM

Caleb Bellah BAS Criminal Justice Carlsbad, NM

Christine M. Chifalo BA Rehabilitation Services Pueblo, CO

Sharla R. Frazier BAS Criminal Justice Wichita, KS

Melissa Benvegno BAS Criminal Justice Albuquerque, NM

Bre A. Compton-Boyden BS Elementary Education Silver City, NM

Catherine Fritsche BAS General Business Silver City, NM

Willie Nathaniel Bobbitt BAS Criminal Justice Downey, CA

Lisa L. Coppedge * BA Rehabilitation Services Rio Rancho, NM

Juan Pablo Fuentes Petersen BS Psychology Guadalajara Jalisco, MX

Mone't Borla * BS Early Childhood Education El Paso, TX

Claire Herman-Preble BAS Criminal Justice Albuquerque, NM

Kathleen Gallegos BS Chemistry Mimbres, NM

Eldrick Bright BIS Interdisciplinary Orange City, FL

Whitney L. Daniels BS Early Childhood Education Lemitar, NM

Lawrence Roybal Garcia * BBA Business Management Mimbres, NM

Jade Brown BSW Social Work Silver City, NM

Candace P. Davidson * BSN Nursing Silver City, NM

Jessica J. Gauthier * BA Environmental Sustainability Billings, MT

Eldredge Calhoun BS Kinesiology El Paso, TX

Johnthan Delcoure BAS Criminal Justice Bonsall, CA

Mitchell Glasmann BBA Business Management & Marketing Temecula, CA

Luzelena Carbajal BSW Social Work Silver City, NM

Stevi Dominguez BSN Nursing Hurley, NM

Maria Carrazco * BSW Social Work Deming, NM

Stephanie Jean Douthit BBA Accounting Queen Creek, AZ

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Brandon F. Gonzales * BA Rehabilitation Services Milan, NM Michelle Grayless BSW Social Work Silver City, NM

Lindsay Griffin * BBA Marketing Silver City, NM

Eugenia Higdon-King BSW Social Work Fort Wingate, NM

Christopher Lee Mullen BIS Interdisciplinary Deming, NM

Matthew T. Gruszka BS Mathematics Silver City, NM

Jonathan Michael King BAS General Business Arenas Valley, NM

Miguel A. Narvaez Jr. BS Psychology Silver City, NM

Robert Brian Gundlah * BIS Interdisciplinary Williamsburg, NM

Michael Henry Kircher BAS General Business Wickenburg, AZ

James Arthur Nelson BIS Interdisciplinary Los Angeles, CA

Joy Christian Harrell BSN Nursing Deming, NM

Christina Manley BS Elementary Education Albuquerque, NM

Noel Ocampo BSW Social Work Phoenix, AZ

Victoria Harrington BAS General Business T or C, NM

Jessica Larson * BAS Criminal Justice Albuquerque, NM

Glenn Alberto Ochoa BS Sociology Panorama, CA

Jade Mariah Harrison BS Psychology Tucson, AZ

Justin Lewis BS Chemistry Tyrone, NM

Victoria Agbonma Odocha BSN Nursing Silver City, NM

Maria J. Herrera BAS Criminal Justice Tucson, AZ

Jamie M. Lindemann BAS Criminal Justice Muleshoe, TX

Jacqueline Nicole Olivas BIS Interdisciplinary Silver City, NM

Stephanie Higgins * BS Elementary Education Escondido, CA

Francelia Lopez Corral * BSW Social Work Deming, NM

Riley Ann Olsen * BS Elementary Education Gila, NM

Maria G. Hollopeter * BSN Nursing Sierra Vista, AZ

Estere Perrault Lucero BAS General Business Silver City, NM

William James Padilla * BS Zoology Las Cruces, NM

Tyler Randall Jackson BAS Criminal Justice Poway, CA

Marshall Adam Mimbs BIS Interdisciplinary Hanover, NM

Ana Gabriela Palacios BSW Social Work Deming, NM

Darian R. Jarrott BAS Criminal Justice Lordsburg, NM

Ashley Kimberly Mitchell BIS Interdisciplinary Fort Defiance, AZ

Leighton Pogia BSW Social Work Waianae, HI

Andrew Thomas Joy * BS Psychology Leonardtown, MD

David C. Montez BAS Career & Technical Education Safford, AZ

Gabriela Aida Quintero * BSN Nursing Austin, TX

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Gabriela C. Reyes BA Rehabilitation Services Deming, NM Alyssa Ashley Rivera * BS Early Childhood Education Williamsburg, NM Christopher M. Rivera BS Medical Technology Silver City, NM Maria Sanchez-Greene BAS Criminal Justice Lordsburg, NM Sheena N. Sandoval BSW Social Work Gallup, NM Cheryl Melinda Sedlacek * BSN Nursing Los Alamos, NM Brendan M. Shannon BAS Criminal Justice Silver City, NM Ninoska G. Slater BS Elementary Education Miami, FL Arriel J. Smith * BSN Nursing Oakhurst, CA Nathan Elliott Smith BAS Criminal Justice Fort Lauderdale, FL Anne Elizabeth Spicer * BSN Nursing Seaford, DE Kourtney Ann Stailey BS Psychology Deming, NM

Christopher Stephen Starcevich * BAS Criminal Justice Rio Rancho, NM Sophia J. Stone * BIS Interdisciplinary Las Cruces, NM

Hufan Yang * BAS General Business Ningbo, China *Baccalaureate Degree Candidates who have a cumulative grade point average of 3.5 or above and are designated for honors

Associate Degree Candidates

Ladera R. Storer BAS Criminal Justice Gallup, NM

Rebecca Acosta AA Liberal Studies Hurley, NM

Josiah A. Sublasky BBA Marketing Bayard, NM

Lisa M. Alvarado AS Occupational Therapy Assistant & AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM

Jordan J.K. Summers * BS Elementary Education Silver City, NM Gaylene M. Tool * BIS Interdisciplinary Albuquerque, NM Olivia Ann Valerio BA Rehabilitation Services APO, AP Sabrina Raquel Villalba BAS Criminal Justice Silver City, NM William Sherman Whiting * BSN Nursing Somerville, TX Amelia Wilcox BS Early Childhood Education T or C, NM Nicholas Lee Wood BAS General Business Tyrone, NM Jaclyn Wyrembelski * BS Medical Technology Warren, MI

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Jennifer Aragon AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Silver City, NM Martina Baca AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Deming, NM Amanda K. Bailey AA Liberal Studies Williamsburg, NM Ariana Barreras AA Liberal Studies T or C, NM Stephanie Ann Bos AA Liberal Studies Tucson, AZ Kassandra Ysette Carbajal AS Business Administration Deming, NM Benjamin Jerome Cardoza AS Business Administration Silver City, NM

Emilia Carrasco AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Las Cruces, NM Christine Amber Carrillo AS Occupational Therapy Assistant El Paso, TX Brandy R. Chavez AS Business Administration Hurley, NM Joseph Chavez AAS New Media Santa Clara, NM Victoria O. Chavez AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Bayard, NM Megan Susan Crady AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM Shalada Cristal Creecy AA Liberal Studies Los Lunas, NM George Demings AS Business Administration Bayard, NM Jason Lee Dunlap AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Silver City, NM Kimber LiAnn Dunn AA Liberal Studies Cliff, NM Dana Espino AS Business Administration Deming, NM

Janet Espino AS Business Administration Deming, NM

Anthony Guilfoyle AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM

Hope Estepp AS Business Administration Las Cruces, NM

Kassandra Guzman AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Douglas, AZ

Amaris Fay AA Liberal Studies Los Lunas, NM Cassandra Fierro AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Silver City, NM Anna Flores AS Business Administration Silver City, NM Ivan A. Franco AS Business Administration Deming, NM Veronica G. Franco AS Business Administration Deming, NM Brittany Alexis Franzoy AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Hatch, NM

Ginger G. Guralí AA Liberal Studies T or C, NM Heather Danelle Hamilton AA Liberal Studies Las Cruces, NM Michael Hernandez AS e-Commerce & System Administration Bayard, NM Michael Holguin AAS Electrical Technology Lordsburg, NM Jacquez, Jeanette AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Lordsburg, NM Theodora James AA Liberal Studies Gallup, NM

Aimee Gilmore AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Deming, NM

Bryant Jamison AAS Welding Technology Silver City, NM

Diego R. Gonzalez AS Business Administration Silver City, NM

Tricia Jump AA Liberal Studies Elephant Butte, NM

Clarisse J. Grijalva AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Silver City, NM

Christine M. Chifalo AS Occupational Therapy Assistant El Paso, TX Kelly Ann Kesich AS Business Administration Silver City, NM

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Yendi Yadnet Lerma AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Deming, NM

Maria Luisa Neri-Orate AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Deming, NM

Eugene Lewis AS Criminal Justice Deming, NM

Alicia Yesenia Nevarez AS Business Administration Deming, NM

Stephen Lindsey AAS Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

Joshua Andrew Peña AS Criminal Justice Deming, NM

Francelia Lopez Corral AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM

Luis Porras AAS Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

Corina Marrufo AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM Davi L. Martin AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Silver City, NM Amanda Martinez AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Bayard, NM Megan Joy McCauley AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Las Cruces, NM Dylan J. Meek AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Tyrone, NM Elanie R. Montaño AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Douglas, AZ Gabriel J.Muñoz AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM

Maria L. Protextor AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Las Cruces, NM Katherine Rose Ramos AA Liberal Studies Hurley, NM Jennifer Rider AA Liberal Studies Silver City, NM Bianca Inez Rivera AS Early Childhood Education & Family Support Silver City, NM Tanya J. Ruiz AA Liberal Studies Deming, NM Emily Celina Salgado AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Tucson, AZ Ciclaly Sandoval AS Criminal Justice Deming, NM

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Eugene A. Sierra AS Criminal Justice Columbus, NM Gerrian Slater AAS Welding Technology Winston-Salem, NC Ila L. Thompson AA Liberal Studies T or C, NM Sadee N. Toms AA Liberal Studies Silver City, NM Monique D. Trevino AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Las Cruces, NM Angel Dove Troup AA Liberal Studies T or C, NM George Trujillo AAS Welding Technology Silver City, NM Dillon Tempel Trumbo AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Hurley, NM Nicole Lauren Trumbo AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Hurley, NM Alejandra Villagrana AS Business Administration Deming, NM Anastacia C Villegas AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support Deming, NM

Alisha L. Walz AA Liberal Studies Albuquerque, NM

Joseph Rodriguez Electrical Technology Bayard, NM

Dominic Martinez Welding Technology Belen, NM

Amelia Wilcox AA Early Childhood Education & Family Support T or C, NM

Jory Torres Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

Laura Mullen Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

Fast-Track Certificate Candidates

Gabriel Pedraza Welding Technology Bayard, NM

Brandon Williams AS Business Administration Lakewood, CA Patti A. Ziehl AS Occupational Therapy Assistant Las Cruces, NM

Undergraduate Certificate Candidates Michael Holguin Electrical Technology Lordsburg, NM Stephen Lindsey Electrical Technology Silver City, NM Laura Mullen Electrical Technology Silver City, NM Luis Porras Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

Matthew Blancett Welding Technology Silver City, NM Joel Castillo Welding Technology Silver City, NM Jacob Clark Electrical Technology Silver City, NM Rachel Hardee Welding Technology Globe, AZ Michael Holguin Electrical Technology Lordsburg, NM Stephen Lindsey Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

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Luis Porras Electrical Technology Silver City, NM Johnny Rodriguez Welding Technology San Lorenzo, NM Joseph Rodriguez Electrical Technology Bayard, NM Lane Salabiye Welding Technology Rock Point, AZ Gerrian Slater Welding Technology Winston-Salem, NC Jory Torres Electrical Technology Silver City, NM

Honors Medallion Baccalaureate students who are graduating with a grade point average of 3.5 or higher are awarded a bronze medallion noting their academic achievement. The medallion worn by honors graduates during the commencement acknowledges the student’s and the university’s commitment to academic excellence. Honor Societies & Clubs Alpha Phi Sigma (Criminal Justice) Royal Blue Letters on Gold Stole Officers ~ Royal Blue and Gold Cords

Phi Alpha (Social Work) Blue and Gold Cords Pi Gamma Mu (Social Sciences) Gold Letters on Royal Blue Stole

Associated Students of Western New Mexico University Silver Cords Cardinal Key National Honor Society Red Letters on White Stole Active Members ~ Gold Cord Officers ~ Red Cord Masters Students ~ White Cord Delta Mu Delta (Business Administration) Purple and Gold Cords El Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan (MEChA) Red, White and Green Cords

Psi Chi (Psychology) Blue and Gold Cords Sigma Delta Pi (Spanish) Red and Gold Cords Sigma Tau Delta (English Majors) Honor Cords for Full Membership Society for Education in Politics (SEP) Pink and Black Cords Upsilon Pi Epsilon (Computing and Information) All members ~ Maroon/White

Kappa Delta Pi (Education Honor Society) Green and Purple Cords

VICA (Vocational Industrial Club of America) Associate ~ White Letters on Red Sash Bachelor ~ White Letters on Red Sash with Gold Tassel

Mathematics and Computer Science Club Club Members ~ Black and Silver Club Officers ~ Black/Silver/Gold

WNMU Student Hall of Fame Inductee Purple Cord

Millennium III Honors Program Gold Letters on Purple Stole

Academic Regalia Academic Regalia date back to the medieval universities of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Scholars were members of religious orders, then guilds. The university was a guild of Masters of Arts, where the Bachelor was an apprentice to the Master. The first known statute governing academic dress appeared in 1321 at the University of Coimbra (Italy); in the United States the practice goes back to 1754 when King George II transplanted many regulations from Oxford and Cambridge to the newly chartered King’s College (now Columbia University). The principal features of the academic regalia are the cap, gown and hood. The bachelor’s gown is distinguished by long pointed sleeves and is worn closed, while the master’s gown, which may be worn open or closed, has a long closed sleeve from which the forearm emerges through the slit near the elbow. The doctor’s gown is faced with broad velvet panels and has full round sleeves, which bear three velvet bars. The square cap originated at Oxford in the sixteenth century and is the same for all degrees, with the tassel in black or in the color of the field of study; doctors are privileged to wear gold tassels. Originally the hood was a tippet, a shoulder covering worn by medieval friars, which, during the fourteenth century, came to be used to cover the head. When caps were adopted in the fifteenth century, hoods became ornamental and were draped over the shoulders and down the back. Today, the length of the hood and the width of the velvet border that edges it vary with the degree, while the color of the border represents the field of learning. Examples are: Apricot .................................................................................... Nursing Blue (light) .............................................................................. Education Blue (dark) .............................................................................. Philosophy Brown ...................................................................................... Fine Arts Drab......................................................................................... Business Commerce Grey (silver) ............................................................................ Oratory Green (sage) ............................................................................ Physical Education Pink ......................................................................................... Music Purple ...................................................................................... Law Scarlet ..................................................................................... Theology White ....................................................................................... Arts, Letters, Humanities Yellow (gold) .......................................................................... Science Red .......................................................................................... Communication Yellow ..................................................................................... Social Work Orange……………………………………………………......Engineering

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