Welcome & Good Evening Joachim Szodruch DLR Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt Lilienthal-Oberth e.V. Folie 1 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > 23.11.2004 Dokumentname > Datum

The DLR German Aerospace Research Center Space Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

100 Years DLR

19

07

Gö tti ng

en

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Sites and Employees 5900 Employees „ Hamburg

27 Research Institutes and scientific-technical facilities in „ 13 sites, Offices in Brussels, Paris and Washington. Participation in:  European Transonic Wind Tunnel (ETW) ‹ German – Dutch Windtunnels (DNW)

Bremen- „ Trauen „

‹

„ Neustrelitz Berlin- „

Braunschweig „

„ Göttingen

 „ Köln

„ Bonn „ Lampoldshausen „ Stuttgart Weilheim „

„ Oberpfaffenhofen

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Mission To open up new dimensions for exploring the earth and the universe, for protecting the environment and for enhancing mobility, communication and security:

Research portfolio ranging from basic research to innovative applications and the products of tomorrow Operating large-scale research facilities for DLR’s own projects and as a service provider for its clients and partners Supporting, educating the next generation of scientists Advisory services to government

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Budget 2007 1.303 Mio.€ Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro

800 700 600

176

500 294

400 300

557

200 276

100 0

Space Agency German ESA contribution National Space Program

Research and Operation Instututional Funding Third Party Funding

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Research and Operation in 2007 473 M€ 7% 8%

„ Space „ Aeronautics

50%

„ Transport „ Energy

35%

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Space Support of Research & Development in German Space Industry

Extension of „end-to-end“-Capability in Earth Monitoring Extension of Radar Technology Enhancement of Mobility by Communication and Navigation Tele Medicine and Material Research on ISS Exploration of Planets Reusable Space Transport Systems Extension of Robotic Systems by focussing on Space Applications

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Transportation Exploiting Aerospace Synergies For Ensuring Mobility, Protecting the Environment And Improving Vehicle Safety

Researching the Vehicle Aerodynamics Lightweight construction Energy Management Vehicle dynamics design Mechatronics Crash simulation

Alert!

EBULA

Researching the Transportation System Air- and space borne monitoring of landscape and traffic ways by sensors, Positioning and navigation via GALILEO, Infrastructure independent communication technologies, Simulations. Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Energy Concentration on Topics with Relevance to Industry and exploiting Aerospace Synergies Efficient and low emission „fossile“ Power Plant (Turbo-Engine, Combustor) Solar Power Plant, Storage of Solar Power Low- and High Temperature-Fuel Cells System Analysis and Technology Assessment

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Aeronautics Leading Partner for Research in National Aeronautical Industry

Air Transport System Concepts and Assessment Energy and Cost Efficient Aircraft Efficient and low Emission Aero Engines Safe and Efficient Air Transport System The Future Helicopter

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Experimental & Simulation Research

Material Tests Tower-Simulator

• Fundamental Research • Material Characterisation • System Identification • Numerical Codes and Validation • Process Simulation • Component Test • Industrial System Test

Ground Vibration Test

RotorTest Rig Cockpit-Simulator CASE Simulation ●

●

●

Fuel Cell Lab

Combustor Test Rig Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DNW: Deutsch- Niederländische Windkanäle Common operation of 10 wind tunnels in Germany and the Netherlands

DNW Wind Tunnel Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

European Transonic Windtunnel ETW Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

ATone Integrated Simulation & Test Facilities Experimental Cockpit 3 Datalinks 6 Test Aircraft

Command & Control Simulator

Quick Integration & Validation of prototypes and products

2 Radar Simulations

4 Cockpit Simulators

3 Apron & Tower Simulators

Ext. Facilities e.g. Cockpit in Bln, A-SMGCS in BWE (Testbed) & HAM (Operational)

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

13 Aircraft as Research and Test Platform 4 Flight Mechanics / Control 4 ATM ATTAS

4 Aerodynamics 4 Atmosphere / Environment FHS

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR System Know How in Research

tD

ept

Communicat. Navigation

O f fi ce

Flig h

Aerospace Medicine

.

FlightGuidance

Materials / Structures

D

Aircraft Systems

Aeroelasticity

es ig n

Aerodynamics & Flow Techn.

Atmospheric Physics

Technical Physics

Air Transport System

Technical Thermodyn.

(Concepts & Evaluation)

Flight Systems Robotics & Mechatronics

Fiber Comp. Adaptronics Structures & Design Materials Research

Combustiontechnology

Propulsion -technology

Propulsion / Combustion

Air Transport & Airport Research

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR in Europe Association of European Research Establishments in Aeronautics

Main objectives: - to promote and represent the joint interests of its members (a.o. through joint participation in EU Framework Programmes) - to intensify the co-operation between its members, aimed at further integration Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR Summary

System Oriented Research Portfolio Focus Nat. Research Network Education of High Potentials European Key Player DLR Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Air Transport System of the Future Are we ambitious enough in our goals?

Joachim Szodruch DLR

Folie 20 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > 23.11.2004 Dokumentname > Datum

Vision The Risk of Technical Prognoses “Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.” - Lord Kelvin, 1895 “The individual modes of transport such as the car will be substituted with a battery-run vehicle that is set on mechanical legs and does not leave an imprint on the ground. It neither damages the grass nor needs asphalted streets.” - Andrej D. Sakharov, 1983 (Father of the Russian Hydrogen Bomb)

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Visions of the past In the past everything was better …… even the future The world in 1985 from view of experts in 1964

Air Cushion Vehicles (550kph own tracks) Flying Wing

Supersonic Inland Travel in the USA

Laminar Flow Variable Sweep

Hypersonic Waverider

VSTOLScheduled Services

Computer Networks

Auto. Control/ Artificial Stability

Supersonic Long-haul Mach: 2.5-3.5

Passenger Airlines without seat reservation

New Scientist, 1964 M.J. Lighthill, Director RAE. Satre, Tech.Dir. South-Aviation

Aircraft Service Life: 10-15 Years

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Visions of the Past … 1987

Source: Euromart, 1987 Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Visions of today Engine Concepts and Integration

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Lufttransport der Zukunft – Perspektiven und Anforderungen

Ideen für die Zukunft?

Source: Out of the box workshop Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Recent News

Development Global Mean Temperatur

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Recent News 2008

Oil Price Development Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Recent News

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Recent News

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Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Introduction Air Transport System A complex system with opposing interests of the various stakeholders

Society

Maintenance

Industry Agencies

Airports Passengers Air Traffic Control Airlines Politics

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Introduction Air Transport System A complex system with opposing interests of the various stakeholders

Economic Growth Society Employment Airports Maintenance

Agencies Passengers

Profit

Safety and Security Air Traffic Control

Airlines Market Shares

Environmental Industry Protection

Low Fares, Comfort Politics

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Introduction Potential Drivers in Aeronautics 2000 New Noise Standards Chapter 4

European EmissionTrading

New Noise Standards Chapter 5

Branson: US$3 billion Program

Vision 2020 Global Environment Agreement

2050

Number of Aircraft Doubled New Travel Standards SESAR Operation

Increasing Alliances Globalization

11.September 2001

2025

Capacity Limit of Airports

Earth Population 9 bn.

Lack of Engineers / Scientists MultiModal Transport

Mega-City Concentration

Global Warming 2 to 3°C

Limit of Economically Available Oil IATA-Project CO2-neutral Air Transport 2050 1 Flight/Year per Capita In PRC

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Vision 2020 Challenges and Associated Goals „

Quality and Affordability

   

„

The environment

   

„

Safety

 

„

„

The Efficiency of the Air Transport System Security

  

Reduced passenger airfares Increased passenger choice Modernized freight operations Reduced time to market by 50% Reduction of CO2 by 50% Reduction of NOx by 80% Reduction of external noise by 50% Substantial progress towards ‘Green MMD’ Reduction of accident rate by 80% Drastic reduction in human error and the consequences 3X capacity increase 99% of flights within 15 min of schedule Less than 15’ min waiting time in the airport for short distance flights



Airborne – terrorism prevention



Airport – prevention of unauthorized access (persons or products)



Air navigation - safe control of hijacked aircraft

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Introduction Opportunities Economy

Safety

Capacity

Efficiency

Level of Service

Security Ecology

Education / Young Engineers

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Introduction Ecological Challenges Contrails

Maintenance Land Use

CO CO22

NOx

Emissions

Soot

Ecology Manufacturing Processes

Noise

Recycling

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence Medium Flight Efficiency Cruise Altitude

10000ft

Trip Fuel SFC W ~ x Distance M∞ L/D 31% Structure

37% Fuel

Weight 21% Equipment/ Systems

11% Pay Load

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence Medium Flight Efficiency Cruise Altitude

10000ft

Trip Fuel SFC W ~ x Distance M∞ L/D Thermal 31% Efficiency Structure

Spec. Weight FuelCons. Propulsion 11% Efficiency Pay Load

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence Medium Flight Efficiency Cruise Altitude

10000ft

Trip Fuel SFC W ~ x Distance M∞ L/D 55%

Thermal 31% Viscous Efficiency Structure Drag

35% 37% Induced Fuel

Drag Systems

Efficiency Pay Load Drag

Spec. Drag Drag Weight Fuel3% 21% 3% Cons. Propulsion 11% Parasitic Interference Equipment/ 4% Wave Drag Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Aircraft Specific Technology 2000

Systems

Engine

Structures

Aerodynamics

2010 Systems (Fuel Cell) -3% CO2

Engine with -15% CO2 Weight Reduction 15% (Primary Struct.) -5% CO2 Flow Control -5% CO2

2020

2030

2040

2050

-50% CO2

-100% CO2 Systems -5% CO2

Engine with -60% Nox

LaminarFlow -15% CO2

Engine with -35% CO2

Synthetic Kerosene

Weight Reduction 30% (Primary Struct.) -15% CO2

Configuration -5% CO2 Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Operation Related Technology 2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

-50% CO2

Flight Guidance

Operation

SESAR -12% CO2

Efficiency. Airlines 10 Years -2% CO2

4D Route Planning -3% CO2

2050 -100% CO2

„Free-Flight“ -6% CO2

FormationFlight -10% CO2

Air Refueling (Long Distance) -25% CO2

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Research

(Alan Kay)

A pioneer in work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface design Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

The DLR Research Programme

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR-Research Program Main Areas of Research at the DLR (2007=170 M€

Materials, Structures, Simulation and Validiation

Aircraft Structures 10% Engine 15%

Virtual Engines Propulsion Techniques Turbines, Fans, Combustion Technology, Validation

Flight Physics 25%

Aerodynamic Systems and Flight Guidance, Virtual Aircraft and new Configurations Flexible Aircraft

AirPolitik Transport Concepts ATM & Airports 20%

Systems & Cabins 10% Weather & Climate 10%

Rotorcraft 10%

Low emission Noise impact, Wake vortex Efficient airport traffic

Air Transport Management Human Factors Airport Security Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR-Research Program DLR Envisaged Contribution Reference Vision 2020 2000

2006

2013

Fuel Cell

Fuel Cell 3% CO2

Fan Design -5% CO2

ConceptIntegration (Gear-Fan) -15% CO2

Structure

CFK (Black Metal)

CFK -4% CO2

Aerodynamics

Laminarity/ Laminar Flow

Laminarity/ Lamiar Flow 15% CO2

Systems

Engine

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology – Examples Fuel Cell Research Antares DLR-H2 and A320 ATRA Aim: demonstration of fuel cells as onboard power supply for aviation.

Up to -8% CO2 for short haul Weight reduction (1t for A330) 500t less kerosene per A/C (A320) and year Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

ANTARES DLR H2 Specifications DLR H2 Wing Span 20m/65,6ft Weight Fuel Cell System ca. 60kg/130 lb. Range > 750km Max. Power Fuel Cell System ca. 25kW Continuous Power Fuel Cell System > 20kW Max. Ceiling >>4000m/>>12000ft

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

ATRA – Fuel Cell Demonstrator ILA 2008 •

• •

•

•

Cooperation with Airbus for MEA or AEA: „Green Airliner“ Qualification of Fuel Cells in Flight Regular „Ground Demos“: • Electrical Supply of „blue“ hydraulic pump • Moving control surfaces • Demonstration of operational parameters for active fuel cell system Milestone: Certified Infrastructur in rear cargo belly for installation of a fuel cell system Ongoing Research: • Powered landing gear Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology – Examples Structures: Composite Fuselage New Generation new materials smart design methods optimised structures improved simulation accuracy and safety issues Production technologies

Goals: weight reduction (10-30%) cost reduction (40%)

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology – Examples Aerodynamics: LamAiR LamAiR addresses laminar flow topics complementary to national or European research programmes More than -16% CO2 due to laminar flow drag reduction

Goals: Design a forward swept wing Design (and fly) an optimal (systems, aero) hybrid laminar low vertical tail for the DLR ATRA Design (and fly) a natural laminar flow lifting surface to conduct basic research to understand laminar/turbulent transition in transonic flight Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR-Research Program The DLR Contribution to Optimizing Operations/ATM (Reference: Vision 2020)

2000

ATM

Airport

2006

2013

AMAN/DMAN -0,5% CO2

AMAN/DMAN -1,0% CO2

Taxi Management -0,5% CO2

Taxi Management -1% CO2

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology – Examples Air Traffic Management Hamburg – Toulouse: • 52,8 NM difference between airways and “direct routing” • -6,2% CO2 for a A330-300

SESAR goal • -10% CO2 until 2020 Direct Extensions Extension (%)

TMA Interface

Total 2006

4,0%

1,9%

5,9%

Extension per Flight

32,9 km

15,7 km

48,6 km

Additional Distance

298 M km

143 M km

441 M km

3,2 M t

1,5 M t

4,7 M t

Additional CO2 Emissions

Quelle: Eurocontrol, Performance Review Report 2006 Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

A-SMGCS at Hamburg Airport General A-SMGCS Benefits:

Partner

More Safety - 1 RWY Incursion / Day / Europa More Efficiency - 1…4 min Taxi Time / Flight Pilot- & Vehicle Assistance

Less Noise and Emission - 5t Fuel / h / Runway

Controller Assistance Goals Hamburg: 9 operational A-SMGCS 9 Test Platform for R&D

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR-Research Program Technology Potential at DLR for Reducing CO2 (Reference Vision 2020)

AirPolitik Transport Concepts 2006 - 10% CO2

2013 -35% CO2

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact Fuel Burn Principal Timeframe of Aircraft Production 2000 - 2050 A300/A310 Airbus 320 Airbus 330 Airbus 340 Airbus 350 Airbus 380 Replacement Airbus 320 Replacement Airbus WB

Boeing 737NG B747 Boeing 747-8 757

B767

Technology Standard 2015 to 2020

Boeing 777 Boeing 787 Replacement Boeing 737NG Replacement Boeing WB

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050 Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact How much technology do we really need? Mathematics & Statistics

Prognoses Traffic Growth between 5% and 3,5% Load Factor Service Life PAX / Freight and Combi-Aircraft Blockfuel

Prognoses Politik & Predictions

Average Seat Calculation Distance pro hour Flight-hours per Aircraft Considered Aircraft Types: Classic and New Generation, Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technological Impact Fleet Development 1990 - 2050 35000

Number of New

30000

Aircraft in Operation

Total Fleet

25000 20000 15000 10000 Old Fleet

5000

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact Fuel Burn Technology Impact – Extrapolation 2000 - 2050 Index (100 = Year 2000) Moderate Growth Scenario

500

Without New Technologies

400

With New Technologies

Transport Capacity 300 200

-50% CO2 ACARE

Fuel consumption = CO2

-50% CO2 Aircraft & - 2% Ops. -10% ATM

100

25% Biofuel

Only CO2 neutral ! 0 2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact Noise Overall Results for 2020

Average Noise Intensity at Frankfurt Airport

ACARE aircraft can half the noise carpet even in a traffic growth scenario. However, the aircraft must be available and introduced into the market.

- 10 dB 50 dB Isophone

Operational procedures can fill the gap when older aircraft are still operated. DLR-SK Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact Noise Modification of Noise Sources Large RotorStator Sep.

Long Cowling & Forced Mixing

Mod. Slat Trailing Edge

Mod. Slat Support Struts

Engine / Geared Fan

Closed Slat Tip Cavity

Intake Liner

Closed Flap Tip Cavity

Landing Gear Fairing

Sealing of Inboard Flap Gap

Sealing of Flap Gap

Mod. Flap Trailing Edge

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact Noise Noise Technology development

Noise Reduction [dB]

0

5

Technology Steps

- 3 dB - 5 dB

Development of Average Noise Level

DLR Technologies (2013) Fan Design 2dB Slat and Edges 3dB Chevron Nozzles 3dB Active Noise Contr. ?dB Geared Fan 5dB Oper. Proc. (CDA) 3dB Configuration 5dB

- 10 dB 10 2000

2010

2020

2030 2040 Year Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR-Research Program Technology Potential at DLR for Reducing Noise (Reference Vision 2020)

AirPolitik Transport Concepts 2006 - 2/3 dB

2013 -5/7 dB

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

DLR – Virtual Integrated Product (VIP) Complete System Concept for 2020 with a 50% Fuel Emission Reduction QSTOL Some typical technology issues: – Engine concepts – Low drag aerodynamics – Light weight structures – Low noise design and procedures – Optimised high lift system – City airport operation – Climb performance – Cruise operation – Pilot assistance systems – Short turn-around time – Airport passenger flows – Reduction of development times – ……… Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Supersonic Transport Challenges II Environmental issues: • Emissions • Noise / Sonic boom • Atmospheric radiation

Configuration Concepts • Computer modelling • Operational and • Infrastructural aspects

Supersonic EU-Programms • EUROSUP • EPISTLE • HISAC Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Example Supersonic Transport Mach 4 SST Concept – LAPCAT I (EU)

Range &

16,000km

payload

200 passengers

Design aim

Propulsion Closed concept Engine, that could change its bypass ratio during flight

Comments

Selection of distribution

the optimum flow

The fuselage with a total length of 103m; the wing span 54m.

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Hypersonic Transport Goals

Passenger Choice • Improve travel time by more than 4 times

Operation

Highly Customer Oriented ATS

CDG

• Improve productivity by 4 times

Design and Development • Capacity about 200 to 300 seats • Range 7000 to 9000 nm • M ~ 5 to 8

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Hypersonic Transport Concepts I Mach 5 HST Concept – LAPCAT I (EU) Range &

18,000km

payload

300 passengers

Design aim

Propulsion Closed concept Pre-cooled engine based on liquid hydrogen fuel Advantage emissions

of

negligible

CO2

Comments Low NOX emission is difficult to achieve due to the increased air enthalpy resulting from the combustion chamber temperatures Fuselage with a total length of 140m; the wing span 41m Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Hypersonic Transport Concepts II Mach 6 HST Concept – ATLLAS (EU) Range &

7,000km

payload

200 passengers

Design aim

Materials Preliminary concept High temperature metallic or ceramic based airframe with turboramjet combined engines

Comments

Sonic boom emission Concorde values

below

Required runways compatible with today airports (2.5km) The fuselage has a total length of 100m; the wing span almost 40m Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Hypersonic Transport Concepts III Mach 8 HST Concept – LAPCAT (EU) Range &

16,000km

payload

300 passengers

Design aim

Propulsion Closed concept Waverider planform with in improved characteristics subsonic and transonic

Comments

Complex liquid hydrogen based propulsion system of three different types: rocket ejector; ram- and scramjet The fuselage has a total length of 91m; the wing span almost 62m Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Space Transport Concepts Mach 9 Space Liner Concept –LAPCAT I & FAST 20XX (EU) Range &

17,000km

payload

50 passengers

Design aim

Propulsion Preliminary concept Vertically powered vehicle

Comments

launched two-stage

rocket space

No atmosphere pollution with nitrogen oxides since it not uses air Low sonic boom since most of the trajectory is sub-orbital The fuselage has a total length of 63m; the wing span almost 40m. Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

High Speed Transport Issues to be adressed Research on critical technological topics Demonstration sub-systems Market forecast / interest PAX benefits Viable business case DOC vs productivity vs Mach number Economic operation Ecological impact Impact on transport system Political support

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

Summary and Outlook The ACARE Vision goals for future air transport are very ambitious, but not sufficient in the long-term „green scenario“. They do not de-coupled traffic and fuel consumption and further related technologies are not readily available. Further noise reduction technologies are available

Vision 2020

We need to foster creativity and innovation Focussed research activities required for critical issues Enabling technologies Infrastructure Pioneering research Education / Young Professionals Can we afford … ……..not to wait for the technological window of opportunity? ……..to miss the economical window of opportunity? …… not to develop a sustainable air transport system?

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009

“In light of the fact that humanity is not able to learn from past mistakes we can not afford to make mistakes in the future.” Ernst Ferstl

www.dlr.de

Szodruch AUS Tour 2009