Water Use in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Craig Turchi and Chuck Kutscher
[email protected] [email protected] National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado, USA
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Outline • Solar Resource Potential • CSP Technology Overview -
Parabolic Troughs Power Towers Dish / Engine Systems Comparison with Photovoltaics (PV)
• Announced Projects • Water Consumption - Wet vs. dry cooling
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Solar Resource Screening All Solar Resources
Locations best for Development National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1.
Start with direct normal irradiance (DNI) estimates derived from satellite data.
2.
Exclude locations with less than minimum DNI threshold.
3.
Exclude culturally and environmentally sensitive lands, urban areas, lakes and rivers.
4.
Exclude land with greater than 1% to 3% average land slope.
5.
Exclude areas of less than 1 km 2
6.
Locate near load centers and transmission corridors
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Site filtering example - USA
Solar > 6.75 kWh/m2/day
Land Exclusions
Slope & Area Exclusions National Renewable Energy Laboratory
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CSP Resource Potential - USA USA Total Assumptions : • Solar Resource ≥ 6.75kWh/m2/day • Land use 5 acre/MW • Land slope < 1% • Capacity factor 27% • Water, urban areas, and environmentally sensitive lands excluded
18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Land (thousand km2)
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CSP Potential
Capacity (GW)
Energy (TWh)
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CSP Technologies and Market Sectors CSP w/ Storage (Dispatchable) – Parabolic Trough – Power Tower – Linear Fresnel
CSP w/o Storage (Non-Dispatchable) – Dish/Engine
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Parabolic Trough
www.centuryinventions.com
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Parabolic Trough Power Plant w/ 2-Tank Indirect Molten Salt Thermal Storage
Trough Field
390°C
Salt Storage Tanks
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354 MW Luz Solar Electric Generating Systems Nine “SEGS” Plants built 1984-1991 (California, USA)
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64 MW Acciona Nevada Solar One Nevada, USA
50 MW Andasol 1 with 7-hr Storage Andalucía, Spain
Power Tower (Central Receiver) Different design approaches: • Direct Steam Generation – Abengoa PS10 (Spain) – Abengoa PS20 (Spain) – BrightSource (USA/Israel) – eSolar (USA)
• Molten Salt – Solar Two (USA demo) – SolarReserve (USA)
• Air Receiver • Jülich (Germany)
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Molten Salt Power Towers
Ability to store hot salt allows molten salt Towers to run at high capacity factors. 565°C
288°C
Hot Salt
Cold Salt
Steam Generator
Heliostat Field Conventional steam turbine & generator
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Condenser
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Power Tower Pilot Plants
5 MWe eSolar California, USA
6 MW thermal BrightSource Negev Desert, Israel
Dish Systems Dish/Stirling: Pre-commercial, pilot-scale deployments
Concentrating PV: Commercial and precommercial pilot-scale deployments • Modular (3-25kW) • High solar-to-electric efficiency • Capacity factors limited to 50 MW)
Trough
Power Tower
Dish / Engine
PV
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