WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT FOR THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR USING INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING PRINCIPLES PhD STUDENT: DESPINA MANOUSELI SUPERVISORS: DR. SAM KAYAGA, PROF. ROY KALAWSKY

PROBLEM STATEMENT ∗ Projected extreme weather events in the UK, rapid demographic and lifestyle changes ∗ After 2004-2006 Drought: campaigns to challenge common perception of England as a ‘wet country’ and of taking water for granted ∗ Aim for UK water companies: balance between supply and demand, both side management measures examination ∗ Defra’s strategy: residential demand reduction by 20 l/c/d by 2030 ∗ Water supply augmentation options: most of them expensive and unsustainable ∗ Waterwise: ‘if the UK wants to maintain the current quality of life and to protect the environment in parallel, action has to be taken now’ ∗ Action: management of demand in parallel with sustainable supply augmentation measures

Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) ∗ These two different approaches can be integrated into one framework ∗ Principles Water service provision Comprehensive demand forecasting (by end-use analysis) Equal treatment of supply and demand management options Use of a common metric for the options cost comparisons Open, participatory process Adaptive Management

Facts about residential water demand ∗ UK water companies: required to forecast their residential water demand annually (5-year Periodic Review process) encouraged by Ofwat to use end-use analysis within their planning practises ∗ Political, economic and meteorological factors, cultural norms, changes in population, uptake of demand reduction measures, technology and several more: hard to completely understand household water use ∗ Comprehension of the complex household patterns: a necessity for cultural changes and sustainable future

End-use (micro-components analysis) ∗ Disaggregation of demand into ‘end-uses’-toilets, dishwashers, outdoor use etc. ∗ Enables: accurate demand projections and determination of conservation potential

Micro-components % domestic use in England and Wales 2009-2010 (Environment Agency)

Willingness to Conserve ∗ Complicated nature of water use-important to understand attitudinal aspects of residential consumption ∗ Consumer behaviour modelling and chief motivators in residential use will be explored - qualitative methods. ∗ Possible motivators: Demographics Income Home type and location Free resource belief Climate and supply levels Social norms and culture Water charges, restrictions and penalties

Objectives of research 1. Analyse the factors that influence domestic water demand in the region (including weather variables). 2. Forecast domestic water demand as a result of a business as usual scenario and alternative demand management policies (and source substitution options) scenarios using end-use analysis. 3. Assess the customers’ Willingness to Conserve and explore the link between conservation attitudes and observed end use water consumption. 4. Determine the potable water savings attributed to water demand management initiatives.

Methodology and data collection ∗ Case study methodology using both quantitative and qualitative techniques ∗ Sources of data: The water utility: end use consumption data, managers perceptions Customers: findings from personal interviews on WTC Other: climatic and demographic data from local and national agencies

Significance of Research ∗ UK CCRA Water Sector Report (2012): ‘mechanisms that encourage increased water use efficiency is an area of further investigation’ ∗ WRP guidelines (Ofwat, EA and Defra): ‘utilities should understand how water is used in the households and that this knowledge should be a result of quantitative analysis of residential end uses’ ∗ However, still relatively few end-use datasets in Britain. Even fewer consider climate ∗ Research on monitoring and evaluating water demand management initiatives and source substitution schemes is limited, particularly in the UK literature ∗ IRP: useful mostly in places facing a supply-demand gap, However, as demonstrated, valuable in regions with uncertain water availability too ∗ IRP: early stages in Europe ∗ WTC-a concept that has not been explored enough

Impact of Research

∗ Data obtained through end-use analysis will be useful for understanding the factors influencing domestic demand. They will assist in improving future demand projections. ∗ The water company will be able to target Demand Management awareness and education campaigns and develop incentive systems for behavioural change adoption in a more effective manner.

Next Steps ∗ Discussion-Meeting with the Water Company ∗ Reconsideration of the study objectives ∗ Possible modification in the methodology ∗ Data acquisition

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! ∗ QUESTIONS?