Sperm is transported from the vagina to the oviduct during heat and the fetus is expelled at term by uterine muscle contractions; • Sperm capacitation, which is essential for fertilization, occurs when sperm pass through uterine secretions; • Fertilized ovum (embryos) are provided nourishment before implantation by the uterine secretions; • Prostaglandins are produced by the uterus which can destroy the function of the corpus luteum of the ovary.
Female Reproductive System : internal genitalia uterus
Female Reproductive System : internal genitalia uterus The cervix is a thick walled organ forming a connection between the vagina and uterus. This forms a 360º blind-ended pocket completely around the cervical opening. This pocket is referred to as the fornix. The cervix opens anteriorly into the uterine body. About an inch long, the body of the uterus serves as a connection between the two uterine horns and the cervix. The uterine body is the site where semen should be deposited during artificial insemination. From the uterine body on, the reproductive tract separates and all further structures come in pairs
Uterus configuration duplex: rat, rabbit, guinea pig
bipartite: mare
bicornuale: bitch sow, cow, doe, ewe
simple: primate, human
Uterus configuration
Uterus configuration
Development of urogenital system
Development of urogenital system
Rabbit uterus
The female rabbit has a bicornuate duplex uterus. This has two separate uterine horns and no uterine body. Each horn has its own cervix, and the two cervices open into a single vagina.
Cow uterus
bicornuate uterus
characterized by a small uterine body just anterior to the cervical canal and two long uterine horns. Fusion of the uterine horns of the cow and ewe near the uterine body gives the impression of a larger uterine body than actually exists and has exists and has sometimes resulted in their uteri being classified bipartite
Cow uterus
abdominal cavity
Sow uterus
bicornuate uterus
The sow has longer uterine horns than the cow,and they may slighyly convoluted.
Sow uterus
Horns look like intestines
Sow uterus
Pre-pubertal
pubertal
Mare uterus
Biparitite uterus There is a prominent uterine body anterior to the cervical cannal and two uterine horns thet are not as long and distinct as in the bicornuate type.During pregnancy in mares,the fetal body extends into both horns,whereas the fetuses do not occupy the uterine body in the bicornate types.
Cow uterus
Mare uterus
the mares' uterus is approximately "T" shaped; not "Y" shaped as in cattle
Cow uterus
Mare uterus
Horns: ventral concavity Horns: dorsal concavity
Human uterus
simple uterus The simple uterus, a pearshaped body with no uterine horns, is characteristic of humans and other primates
Uterus: horns
Dorsal face
intercornual ligament Free margin
mesometrial margin Ventral face APEX
BASE
cow
Uterus: body Ventral face
Dorsal face Right margin
Left margin
cow
Uterus: fondus
human
Uterus: cervix
Uterus: ligaments
Broad ligament
Broad ligament
Uterus: broad ligaments
Lateral face
Dorsal margin
Broad ligament Caudal margin
Medial face
Ventral margin
MEDIAL FACE
Cranial margin Ventral margin
Uterus: ligaments
Uterus: ligaments
Uterus: cavity
Uterus: cavity
horns
body cervix
body cervix
sow
Uterus: cavity
ostium septum body
cervix
cow
Uterus: cavity
Horns (ventral concavity)
cow caruncles
Uterine septum
Uterus: cavity
caruncles Uterine sptum
sheep
Uterus: cavity
The intercornual ligament is insignificant in mares
mare
Uterus: cervix
Uterus: cervix
Canal cervical
cow
Fornice
Canal cervical
Uterus: cervix
cow
CERVIX Internal uterineostium Portio vaginalis
Internal ostium
External ostium fornix
Uterus: cervix
cow
The cervix is a thick walled organ forming a connection between the vagina and uterus. This forms a 360º blind-ended pocket completely around the cervical opening. This pocket is referred to as the fornix. The interior of the cervix contains three to four annular rings or folds that facilitate the main function of the cervix, which is to protect the uterus from the external environment. The cervix opens anteriorly into the uterine body. About an inch long, the body of the uterus serves as a connection between the two uterine horns and the cervix.