APPENDIX

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

GMAT GMAT

Vocabulary

Reading . . ,

GRE ,

. GMAT ,

,

special meaning .

idiom

Official Guide

passage .

Although the questions do not test your vocabulary (they will not ask you to define terms), they do test your ability to interpret special meanings of terms as they are used in the reading passages. The questions will also test your understanding of the English language. , special meaning

,

. .

. ( ) address

,

.

v. deal with

(Official Guide 13th edition P. 395) ‘

’ deal with, handle with

.

Lebsock has addressed the controversy by using women's current status as a frame of reference. Lebsock assume

.

v. position

(Official Guide 13th edition P. 374) ‘

’

Arboreal snakes dwell in trees and often assume a vertical posture. Arboreal snakes appropriate

.

v. misuse

(Official Guide, Verbal Review 2nd edition P. 52) ‘

’, ‘

’ misuse

The arguments are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. . myth

n. misunderstanding, fallacy

(Official Guide 13th edition P. 394)

,

.

Buel's biography provides ample raw material for questioning the myth, fostered by some historians, of a colonial golden in the eighteenth century. Buel

trade

18

n. job

colonial golden .

(Official Guide 13th edtion P. 416) (

,

)

.

About thirty-five percent of the urban black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. 35 GMAT idiom

? .

. special meaning Official Guide ,

, Verbal Review, GMAT .

By VERITAS, Reading Comprehension

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APPENDIX

ready

adj

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

easy

Ready availability of uncultivated land tends to decrease local farmers’ incentive to adopt new agricultural technologies. , , .

eschew

verb

One travel agency has eschewed the traditional route altogether (

forge

.

)

verb

The company solved its globalization dilemma effectively by forging alliances with the best foreign partners it could find. .

credit A with B

idiom

B

A .

Scientists generally credit violent collision between tectonic plates with sculpting the planet’s surface. .

buoyant

adj

1.

The relative low density at the hottest rock makes the mantle buoyant, so it slowly ascends.

. 2. (

dispel

)

verb

a buoyant economy/market

/

Dispelling researchers’ initial doubts, computer models has confirmed that this formation is buoyant enough to rise slowly with the mantle. , .

bias

noun tendency

In considering possible explanations, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. , [ '~

VERITAS

,~

] bias '

'

'

, special meaning .

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APPENDIX

curb

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession.

[

] curb

'

'

. .

control rein ( on a par

idiom

)

.

If a company is already effectively on a par with its competitors, then investment in higher service levels may be wasted, since service is a deciding factor for customers only in extreme situations. ,

. .

[ ] par par 4, par 5

order

noun

,

'

', ' .

', '

' on a par

. idiom

.

The mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they assumed to have been the purview of women. Mill owners .

wage

verb ( ) support

Progressive historians sympathized with the battles waged by famers and small producers against large capitalists in the 19th century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism.

,

(laissez-faire) .

[

] wage, (

)

,

. overriding adj

The overriding goal of the business of innovation was simply to generate funding for new inventions.

most important

. formality

noun

The Lone Wolf decision ended this era of formal negotiation and finally did away with what had increasingly become the empty formality of obtaining tribal consent. Lone Wolf

, .

[ , empty formality

VERITAS

] do away with

,

(rescind, abolish)

, procedure

idiom .

.

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APPENDIX

per se

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

adv

The evidence suggests that beyond the point at which productivity becomes "good enough," higher productivity per se is unlikely to improve a rating. by itself in itself

Productivity

"good enough"

[ ] per se /per sei/ from without

idiom

productivity . , GMAT

.

.

Ethnologists believe that the personal stories, even a single individual, could increase their understanding of Native American cultures that they had been observing from without. , ,

Native

American

.

[ ] without 'they are not in the same place as you are' or 'are notinvolved in the same action as you' . from without 'from external perspectives' .

elusive

adj

Identification of that driving force has proved surprisingly elusive despite considerable research. ,

difficult to find

. [

] elude (verb) elusive forces ' ', '

in effect

idiom

'

,

' ''

' ' .

' (factor)

. .

Historians focused instead on factory work, because it seemed so different from traditional women's work in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect. in fact factory work

.

factory work

, . [

foreshadow

verb prefigure

]

'

'

'

'

.

Duverger’s study foreshadowed the enduring limitations of the behavioralist approach to the multinational study of women’s political participation. Duverger . [

VERITAS

] shadow ' '

. ' '

shadow (fore) . behavioralist

.

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APPENDIX

undergo

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

, (

Some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant genetic change.

)

. in concert idiom

, together

Managers develop thoughts about their companies and organization not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

. [ compelling

adj

] concert

'to act together in harmony'

.

Ecoefficiency offers a compelling business model according to established thinking. Ecoefficiency

.

[ ] compelling admiring interest) '

intriguing

adj

' ' (arousing or denoting strong interest, ' (convincing) .

These discoveries raise intriguing questions. .

fault

noun

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas fault generate heat through friction as they grind past each other. 1965

San Andreas .

[

] fault (mistake) , special meaning (A fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust) , ) .

model

verb copy

Alternatively, the acquisition acts on bidders may derive from modeling: a manager does what other managers do. ,

:

,

.

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APPENDIX

excrete

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

Desert rats' kidneys can excrete a urine having twice as high a salt content as seawater. (

,

)

Desert rats

.

[

] excrete urine ( 'kidney ( )

be after

verb

), saliva ( '

(formal) . Renal (

)

. )

.

They were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observation. seek . [ ' '

employ

v ( , use

)

] supplement ' '

' ', ' . GMAT .

' document

Any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a commensurate commitment to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick. . [

] gimmick .

'

accommodationist adj

'

,

The editorial surprised many African Americans who viewed Du Bois as an uncompromising African American leader and a chief opponent of the accommodationist tactics urged by Booker T. Washington. .

Du Dois

, Booker T. Washington . [

] .

accommodationist '~

'

behavioralist adj individualist adj

VERITAS

'~

'

,

. .

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APPENDIX

subscribe

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

I do not subscribe to the idea that the older days were better days. I strongly believe that the best is yet to come.

agree

. . [

] subscribe

'

', '

'

,

' exacting

adj

,

'

.

Is Iran exacting revenge on Israel? Despite concerns that Iran is striking back, for Israelis the war rhetoric is 'business as usual.'

burdensome

? , "

exacerbate

verb

"

.

Several recent economic studies have explored the economic implications of an aging population from both a theoretical and empirical viewpoint, and have reached surprising conclusions: Demographic changes may not exacerbate problems.

worsen

, : . vindication

noun

A Vindication of Rights of Woman, written by eighteen-century British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is the one of earliest works of feminist philosophy. '

unravel

verb (

,

)

, 18

Mary Wollstonecraft .

The challenge in exploration of gold deposit is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. .

mobility

noun ability

This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants' subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background and a lack of industrial skills. (

) .

[

]

social mobility ,

.

status economic mobility

.

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APPENDIX

fashion

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

Stone Age settlers fashioned necklaces from sheep's teeth. make shape

. [

] fashion

'

(way, mode)

.

This possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion. . compromise

verb reduce

They sometimes compromise the accuracy of their findings by collecting and analyzing more information that is strictly required for their trials. . [ GMAT (

] compromise

' ' quality, value

.)

'

'

'

'

,

'

.

'

.

A secret mission that was compromised and had to be abandoned An immune system that was compromised by virus

disinterested

adj

Oral narratives are no more likely than are written narratives to provide a disinterested commentary on events or people. .

fall under

idiom

Thus, the many service workers employed by manufacturers would fall under the industrial rather than the services category.

. [

] fall under ~ .

posit

verb suggest

. '~ come under

', '

' .

The human capital theory explains why there was a high concentration in certain lowskill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing and carding, by positing that because of their primary responsibility in child rearing women took occupation that could be carried out in the home. Human capital , combing

weaving carding .

low-skill low-skill .

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APPENDIX

anomaly

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

noun

When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a local deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of the material that has been ejected to make the hole results in an area of slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas.

,

material

,

.

.

,

. [

] anomaly

, ' ', ' ), magnetic anomaly

. mental anomaly ( (

elastic

adj

)

'

.

As the Moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. , . [

] ---

elastic

Elastine --', '

'

( ',

)

'

'

' '

. Our plans are fairly elastic. .

bulge

noun

When reservoir is sufficiently large, a sphere of this hot rock forces its way up through the upper mantle to Earth's surface, creating a broad bulge in the topography. , , [

] bulge ' ', '

. ' '

', ' . bulge

'

. in

. After the war there was a bulge in the birth rate .

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APPENDIX

opportunist

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

adj

Most predators of waterfowl nests prey opportunistically on songbird nests, but removing these predators may not have increased the nesting success of songbirds. Waterfowl

songbird songbirds

. . [ ', '

] opportunist '

'

,

. , opportunistically behavioralist ( .

.

(

)

a opportunist crime (

noun

1. ( 2.

, ,

)

' '' ), individualist

)

prey on nest (

plume

'

)

Because the source of a hot spot remains fixed while a surface plates moves over it, over a long period of time an active mantle plume creates a chain of volcanoes or volcanic islands, a track marking the position of the plume relative to the moving plates. , , .

,

. [

] plume ,

'

'

. '

'

. ' a plume of smoke (

risk

verb

'

'

'

.

)

What touches on conventions of manliness and womanliness risks intruding on the most sensitive human situations of all: personal relationships between men and women. , [

. ] risk

(

~ ing

)

.

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APPENDIX

capitalize

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

When computers were just in their infancy, the two companies in the best position to capitalize on that emerging trend were GE and Simens. , GE [

Simens

] capitalize

.

'

' .

, .

'

on inadvertently adv

','

. capital , capitalize '

(

)

.

.

The primary purpose of the passage is to propose an alternative to a particular business strategy that has inadvertently caused ecological damage. . The Eurasian ruffe, a fish species inadvertently introduced into North America’s Great Lakes in recent years, feeds on the eggs of lake whitefish, a native species, thus threatening the lakes’ natural ecosystem. Eurasian ruffe

North America's Great Lakes whitefish .

imperishable

adj

Carrel claimed that animal cells cultivated in an artificial environment outside the animal’s body were imperishable because they could divide indefinitely. Carrel

, . .

[

] perish ( ', ' ', ' )

verb (

)

) '

, imperishable ' immotal ( , , Immortal beloved (

.

. )

supersede

,

.

The use of biocontrol agents may even-finally supersede the use of chemical pesticides in controlling unwanted species. biocontrol agents . [

] .

'

' '

super ' ~ supercede . , superficial

', '~

'

superimpose

' '

'

.

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APPENDIX

treatise

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

noun (on)

Why this complete avoidance of recent and contemporary blues forms in every treatise on the subject? In trying to answer this question, I find that those who write books about the blues are often more interesting than the books themselves.

? . [ treatise transcendent

adj

] treaty (

,

)

.

.

Another approach , both balanced and sensible, would argue for a more transcendent view of social experience and of art.

. [

] transcendent ' argue ' ', '

support .

verb

'

. ' , argue . agure for argue in favor of against argue against, ' ', '

'

. argue

' characterize

', ' '

.

Research into physiological causes of aging – that process characterized by decreased survival capacity on the part of an organism – has produced few undisputed facts ---

--.

[ ] character characterize ' the like

noun

'

', '

'

. . undisputed .

, ', '

'

Samuel Charters’ best-known work, The Country Blues , has a chapter on postwar developments in which the adjectives “crude,” “loud,” “unsophisticated,” “monotonous,” and the like are applied liberally throughout. Charters, like other writers, seems to feel that the blues have been diluted and polluted beyond recognition. Samuel Charter , The Country Blues, crude, loud, unsophisticated, monotonous . Chaters

blues blues .

[ ] the like ( Rock and the like '

VERITAS

)

' ' . beyond recognition '

. Jazz, ', '

.

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APPENDIX

beckon

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female," employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. '

"

, .

proliferate

verb

.

An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950s because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, to proliferate. Dengue

1950 Aedes aegypti

dengue

. [

] proliferation

'

'

.

IAEA NPT

.

appropriate verb misuse

Nuclear non-Proliferation Treaty ( disseminate.

)

.

Relational feminist's arguments have a major pitfall: because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. : ,

, .

[ ] appropriate GMAT ' ( pitfall ' ' (pit ' ' , endorse

buttress

verb support

(

)

,

'

. '

','

'

)

fall ,

) .

To buttress their case that caffeine acts instead by preventing adenosine binding to specific receptors, Snyder et al. compared the stimulatory effects of a series of caffeine derivatives with their ability to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice. adenosine , Snyder adenosine . [

] buttress ,

et al dislodge ' '' .

VERITAS

' ,

' '

,' ' .

'

', '

'

' '~ ' dis-

' (and others) . lodge

. Case . , .

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APPENDIX

speculate

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb

Astronomers have long speculated that the missing baryonic mass might eventually be discovered in intergalactic space or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect. (missing) baryonic mass (galactic)

(intergalactic) .

[

] reading

sense .

(inconclusive evidence) .'

speculate ' .

'

.

, '

'

'

. assume.

chore

noun

, ( routine

)

Early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women's employment in wage labor, made much assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores. ,

(wage labor:

)

, . [

] chore

(

)

task

.

, job . mission, assignment .

conventional

adj

These low-surface-brightness galaxies, as they are called, take much longer than conventional galaxies to condense their primordial gas and convert it to stars --- that is, they evolve much more slowly. , . . [ Reading ,'

] conventional

(old, established),

. .

vs

'

conventional . convention '

', '

'

. '

', ' ' , conventional

.

' '

', '

', '

' ', '

. '

.

Negotiation on conventional armed forces

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APPENDIX

channel

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

verb direct

Acquisitions may well have the desirable effect of channeling a nation's resources efficiently from less to more efficient sectors of its economy, but the individual acquisitions executives arranging these deals must see them as advancing either their own or their companies' private economic interests. .

, .

[

] channel

, ,

,

.

'~

', '

'

. incorporate verb

Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery.

include

. machinery . [

] incorporate

corporate

'

'

.

'

'

. manner

noun way

This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona v. California (1963), wherein the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters doctrine. Arizona - California reservation [ vs.

] Arizona v. California , . Reservation support .

prefigure

verb

' v.'

. . reservation ( Winters reservation . versus

,

) (to it)

.

'v.' . buttress

Among ordinary citizens, political activism by women in the nineteenth century prefigured trends in twentieth century politics. , 19

20 .

[

VERITAS

] prefigure

foreshadow.

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APPENDIX

ailment

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

noun

Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied.

.( [

] besides .

appeal

noun

'~ those

)

', restrict A to B 'A ailments .

'

The appeal of a particular methodology and some concerns about its use.

[

] .

anwser choice appeal

methodology

adv

' . appeal .

' supposedly

B

'

special meaning

'

', '

Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980s to increased participation in the workforce by certain groups, such as first-time or reentering workers, who supposedly prefer such arrangements. 1980 ,

, .

[

] .

supposedly ( .

B

compound

verb (

)

(adverb) )

attribute A to B (cause-effect) . .

idiom

.A

casue-effect

If $10,000 is invested at 10 percent annual interest, compounded semiannually, what is the balance after 1 year? 1

10

,6

,1

? [

place

noun position

] compound compound

Math part

. ,

.

The passage suggests that the place of hypothalamic hormones in the hormonal hierarchies of animals is similar to the place of which of the following in plants? Hypothalamic hormone ?

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APPENDIX

TRUE

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

adj correct

It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Kepler's law. , luminosity ,

.

luminosity . Kepler

, . [

] true true

, '

'

.

. in confomity with , Kepler .

'~

'

(law) ,

if~

if idiom. ,

luminosity .

undergo

verb experience pass through

Io is extremely geologically active, Europa seems to be active on a more modest scale, and Ganymede has undergone bouts of activity in its geological past. Only Callisto reveal no geological activity. Io . [

] bout '

VERITAS

, Europa Ganymede

, Callisto '

', '

. '

.

'

.

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APPENDIX

crater

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

noun

Callisto's surface is very heavily cratered from the impact of comet and asteroids; Ganymede, like Earth's moon, is heavily cratered in parts; Europa is very lightly cratered; and no craters have been detected on lo, even though Jupiter's gravity attracts comets and asteroids passing near it, substantially increasing the bombardment rate of the inner moons compared to that of the outer ones.

verb

Callisto ; Ganymede ; Europa ,

, ;

Io lo moons

moons . [ (

] (Semi-colon )

,

- 1) semi-colon (;) comma, (,)

conjunction

. (;) (;) heavily cratered --. asteroid bombardment

obscure

verb to make dim, indistinct adj

indistinct, not readily noticed

. comma

comma (,) . --- Ganymede, like Earth's moon, is (;) (,)

n n

Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression. (

Garvey )

, of history consciousness consciousness

;

,

revitalization movement . identity, strength, sense . Garvey consciousness

. [

] (Semi-colon - 2) semi-colon (;) . Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression. (;) however, while . (;) however, while . because (RC passage because ), and, meanwhile, although . (;) .

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APPENDIX

foothold

VOCABULARY FOR GMAT READING

noun

Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in oder for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. foundation achievement

Marcus Garvey . [

] foothold cornerstone (

' )

' .

. Keystone

by virtue of

~ because of due to

. touchstone ' ', ' ' '.

'

Large plants can spread compliance cost such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or report requirements by virtue of their size.

;

,

. [ ] by virtue of '~ ' virtue of ) Compliance cost . revenue provision provision n.

VERITAS

1. 2. 3. (

(provide ( )

formal ,

'

'

. (in . .

) )

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