Educator’s Guide

What are the Dead Sea Scrolls? Where were they found? Why are they important? Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times invites you and your students to consider these questions and the impact of the scrolls on our world today.

VISIT TIPS • The entrance to the exhibit is located via the Red Wing, Level 1. Elevator access is via the Red Wing elevator. • An optional audio tour is available for an additional charge of $4 for school groups. • A gift shop, where you will find a variety of items related to this special exhibition, is located near the exhibit exit. • We recommend that school groups allow a minimum of 60 minutes to visit the exhibit. There is no re-entry allowed. Restrooms are located in the Red Wing, Lower Level, but there are no restrooms inside the exhibit. • No flash photography or lighted devices are allowed inside the exhibit. No photography of any kind is allowed in the scroll room. Mobile phones and devices must be turned off in the galleries. • No food or beverages are allowed. • Students may bring writing utensils, but are advised to have a clipboard or notebook. Leaning on walls or artifact cases is not permitted. • Large bags and backpacks are not allowed inside the exhibit and must be stored in the coatroom upon arrival.

During your visit to Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times, students will: • Go on a journey back in time. • See a collection of more than 600 artifacts. • Explore a culture that is unlike our own, yet inspired much of how we live today. After your visit to Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times, students will: • Reflect on the meaning of the scrolls. • Think about how other people lived in other times. • Understand that all people share common bonds, even if we choose to live our lives in different ways.

ABOUT THE EXHIBITION Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times presents one of the most comprehensive collections of ancient artifacts from Israel ever organized, featuring scrolls which include the oldest known copies of the Hebrew Bible and four never-before-seen scroll fragments. With more than 600 items on display, visitors will experience firsthand the traditions and beliefs of everyday life, as lived more than 2,000 years ago. These fascinating artifacts, such as an actual three-ton stone from Jerusalem’s Western Wall, highlight the millennia-old traditions that continue to impact modern religions and society today. Included among the collection’s artifacts are limestone capitals used in the architecture of administrative centers during the first temple period (1006 – 586 BCE). Students will see artifacts from Jerusalem’s City of David, limestone ossuaries from the early Roman period, and an ancient signature preserved for millennia on the Archer Seal. Together these artifacts reveal precious details about the culture, rituals, and beliefs of an influential Iron Age people.

HOW TO PREPARE Students should know that this is an extremely rare opportunity to see the objects on display. The artifacts that they will see are considered sacred to many people. The exhibit should be approached seriously and respectfully. The information in this guide will help orient students and prepare them for the experience. Encourage your students to read the age-appropriate suggested books from the list included in this guide. These books will acquaint your students with the Dead Sea Scrolls and the culture of ancient times.

WHAT ARE THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS? The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of 972 documents found between 1947 and 1956 in caves near the Dead Sea. Many of the scrolls are copies of texts from the Hebrew Bible. The texts are written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Most are on animal skins, with some on papyrus or parchment. Modern carbon-14 dating has shown that they were written between 120 BCE and 68 CE. Nobody is quite sure why, but in 1947 a young goatherd wandered inside a cave, perhaps in search of a stray goat, shade from the sun, or even hidden treasure. Whatever the reason, he made a remarkable discovery. He found an assortment of clay jars, inside of which were leather scrolls, wrapped in linen. Over the next nine years, archaeologists searched the surrounding caves, eventually assembling the full collection of documents that we know today as the Dead Sea Scrolls. They have been called the most significant archaeological find of the last century.

WHAT TO EXPECT Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times is an exhibition of recovered artifacts, enclosed in display cases. The displays in the exhibit are “hands-off,” as the objects are far too rare and fragile to be touched. The exhibition is organized into sections, each of which is highlighted below. All dates in the exhibit are presented using the international calendar convention of the Common Era (CE) which began with the year 1. Earlier history is expressed as Before the Common Era (BCE). Students may be more familiar with the conventions of BC and AD. The BCE and CE system is independent of religious belief and, therefore, more consistently used in scientific and academic presentations.

GENESIS GALLERY The exhibit begins with this scriptural passage, establishing the tone of the exhibit: “The Lord said to Abram, ‘Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you.’” Genesis 12:1.

DESERT ORIENTATION THEATER You will be transported to the shores of the Dead Sea, where the scene is set for your journey back in time.

BACK TO THE PAST: TIMELINE GALLERY From the present, we trace the history of Israel back to ancient times. Graphic panels, artifacts, and objects illustrate the story along the way. Finally, we reach the time of the Early Israelites, known as the Iron Age.

BIBLICAL GALLERY Here, we are immersed in the culture of the early Israelites including a visit to a fourroom house and an exploration of the objects of everyday life. It is at this time that nation-building also began and we see artifacts of national identity including monuments and fortresses. The importance of faith and religious practice is also evident in the temple artifacts, altars, and presentation of biblical music.

THE SCROLL GALLERY Three belief systems—Christianity, Judaism, and Islam—share common faith in the texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is in the Scroll Gallery that we see the common roots. The Scrolls Table is the centerpiece and highlight. The stone from Jerusalem’s Western Wall is also found here.

EPILOGUE GALLERY We return to present day, left to reflect upon the significance of the scrolls in our modern world. “Stay in this land for a while, and I will be with you and will bless you. . . . I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and will give them all these lands, and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed.” Genesis 26:3–5.

EXHIBIT MAP

FOUR ROOM HOUSE

Back to the Past: Timeline Gallery

Desert Orientation Gallery

Masada Gallery Biblical Gallery

SCROLL DISCOVERY VIDEO

SCROLL TABLE

The Scroll Gallery

WESTERN WALL STONE

Epilogue Gallery Genesis Gallery

Store Ten Commandments Gallery

ENTRANCE

EXIT

Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times

EXHIBIT ADVENTURE! Name_____________________________________________________________________

1. Why do you think the Dead Sea Scrolls are important? ­­_______________________________________________________________________________________ ­­_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Find an artifact: Select an object from the exhibit that represents daily life at the time the Dead Sea Scrolls were written. A. Draw your artifact in detail (in box at right). B. Describe this object (shape, color, uses, material, other characteristics). ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ C. How does this artifact reflect the time period it is from? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ D. How is this object similar to or different from something we would use today? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ E. What questions do you have about this artifact? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why might someone have chosen to hide the scrolls in caves near the Dead Sea? _______________________________________________________________________________________ ­­_______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you think hiding the scrolls there was a good idea? Explain your answer. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ­­______________________________________________________________________________________­­­_

TRY THIS! Additional Offerings at the Museum Continue your Dead Sea Scrolls experience throughout the Museum of Science with these opportunities for students to learn more about the science of the scrolls and make curriculum connections.

CHARLES HAYDEN PLANETARIUM Long before telescopes, ancient people carefully observed the stars and planets. Begin your nighttime journey in modern-day Boston, then travel back in time to see the sky over the Dead Sea in the first century of the Common Era. Discover what has changed over time and what remains the same. Fee: $3 for school groups if added to Exhibit Halls admission Location: Red Wing, Level 1 Length: 35 – 45 minutes Capacity: 209 Schedule: mos.org/planetarium

Photo © Michael Malyszko

Explore: Stars Over the Dead Sea

HANDS-ON LABORATORY What can objects tell us about the people who left them behind? What kinds of evidence can help archaeologists learn about people from the past? Explore how ordinary people lived and how everyday life has changed. Examine objects that an archaeologist may unearth and find out what each object can reveal about the people who left it. Hands-On Laboratory is open to the public and is not available for exclusive reservation. However, school groups may request the topic by emailing [email protected] at least two week in advance. Fee: Free with Exhibit Halls admission Location: Red Wing, Lower Level Length: 30 minutes Capacity: 15 Schedule: Hands-On Laboratory takes place Tuesdays and Thursdays 10:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m., May – June, October.

TO MAKE RESERVATIONS, call Science Central at 617-723-2500, open daily 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.

Photo @ TMP Images

Hands-On Archaeology

TRY THIS! Additional Offerings at the Museum Continue your Dead Sea Scrolls experience throughout the Museum of Science with these opportunities for students to learn more about the science of the scrolls and make curriculum connections.

LIVE PRESENTATIONS Programs are available by request only, based on availability.

Secrets of the Dead Sea Grades 6 – 12 Unravel archaeological mysteries using scientific tools! Discover the secrets of ancient cultures by analyzing and interpreting materials and objects from the past. Explore how innovative technologies can give us new insight into the Dead Sea Scrolls and other mysteries of the ancient world. Email [email protected] at least two weeks in advance—booking is not confirmed unless you receive a confirmation email. Fee: Free with Exhibit Halls admission Location: Shapiro Family Science Live! Stage, Green Wing, Lower Level Length: 20 minutes Capacity: 125 Minimum: 25 students Request Time: 12:00 p.m. (subject to availability) Available: Tuesday – Friday, May 21 – June 28

The Dead Sea Scrolls Come Alive with Science Grades 6 – 12 In 1947, thousands of pieces of parchment were discovered in caves on the coast of the Dead Sea. Two thousand years after they were written, we can use archaeology, geology, and even physics to study the remnants. Learn how current technology offers new insight into the Dead Sea Scrolls. Email [email protected] at least two weeks in advance—booking is not confirmed unless you receive a confirmation email. Fee: Free with Exhibit Halls admission Location: Gordon Current Science & Technology Stage, Blue Wing, Level 1 Length: 20 minutes Capacity: 75 Minimum: 25 students Request Time: 11:30 a.m. (subject to availability) Available: Monday – Friday, May 20 – October 18

TEACHER PARTNER PROGRAM Pre-Planning Visit to Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times Teacher Partners who book a school visit to view Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times are invited to reserve a pre-planning visit to the exhibition in advance of visiting with their students!

To reserve your pre-planning visit tickets: 1. Reserve tickets for you and your students to visit Dead Sea Scrolls. A coupon for each teacher will be generated and mailed to your school with the confirmation. 2. Enroll in our Teacher Partner Program at least 72 hours prior to your preferred pre-planning visit date. Registration is free! To enroll, visit: mos.org/teacher-partners. • The Teacher Partner Program is open to licensed K – 12 teachers actively employed in a public or private New England school. • Already a Teacher Partner? Check to make sure that your card is still valid and proceed to step 3. • If your Teacher Partner card is no longer valid, contact [email protected] for assistance. 3. Call Science Central at 617-723-2500 at least 24 hours in advance of your pre-planning visit with the following information: • The confirmation number of your reserved school visit for Dead Sea Scrolls. • Your preferred date and time of the pre-planning visit. • If you are planning to bring a guest with you, additional tickets may be purchased at $32 for adults, $29 for seniors, and $27 for children 11 and under. Price includes Exhibit Halls admission. Please have your MasterCard, Visa, or American Express card on hand at the time of your call. 4. Upon arrival on the day of your pre-planning visit, please use the yellow express line at the Museum of Science box office to pick up your reserved Teacher Partner Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition ticket. • Please note, you will need to present your teacher coupon, valid Teacher Partner Program card (or temporary pass), and a photo ID at the box office to pick up your complimentary ticket. • If your Teacher Partner card has expired and you have renewed your enrollment, please bring your expired card with you to the box office as back-up identification.

Important tips: • It is highly advised to plan as far in advance as possible; ticket availability will be limited for this exciting opportunity. •R  equests for Teacher Partner pre-planning visit tickets must be made at least 24 hours in advance. Same-day requests will not be honored. •E  nrollment in the Teacher Partner Program often takes 24 hours for processing. Plan ahead to enroll at least 72 hours in advance of your preferred Dead Sea Scrolls pre-planning visit.

DEAD SEA SCROLLS: LIFE IN ANCIENT TIMES SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR K – 12 CLASSROOMS AND LIBRARIES

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL The Mystery of the Dead Sea Scrolls by Hagit Allon ISBN 0827608004 Qumran Caves: Hiding Place for the Dead Sea Scrolls by Brad Burnham ISBN 0823962598 Daily Life at the Time of Jesus by Miriam Vamosh ISBN 0687048915 The Dead Sea: The Saltiest Sea by Aileen Weintraub ISBN 0823956377

MIDDLE SCHOOL Walking the Bible: An Illustrated Journey for Kids Through the Greatest Stories Ever Told by Bruce Feiler ISBN 0060511184 With a Little Luck: Surprising Stories of Amazing Discoveries by Dennis B. Fradin ISBN 0525471960

HIGH SCHOOL The Complete World of the Dead Sea Scrolls by Philip R. Davies, George J. Brooke, and Phillip R. Callaway ISBN 0500283710 The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls by Jodi Magness ISBN 0802826873 The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity by James VanderKam and Peter Flint ISBN 0060684658 The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English: Seventh Edition by Geza Vermes ISBN 0141197315

RECOMMENDED WEBSITES The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls: dss.collections.imj.org.il Scrolls from the Dead Sea: The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Scholarship: loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls The Qumran Visualization Project: nelc.ucla.edu/qumran

EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS WORLD HISTORY & SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION As one of the twentieth century’s most significant archaeological finds, the Dead Sea Scrolls are historically relevant in both ancient and modern terms. The exhibit presents both the discovery of the scrolls as a historical event as well as the stories they tell as documentation of an ancient culture. A visit to the exhibit, therefore, can help you serve varied curricular objectives. The following presentation suggests alignments with the Massachusetts State Curriculum Framework.

Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework Economics, Grade 6 10. P  rovide examples of currencies from several countries and explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging currency between nations. 11. G  ive examples of products that are traded among nations, and examples of barriers to trade in these or other products.

History and Geography, Grade 7 1. Compare information shown on modern and historical maps of the same region.

The Roots of Western Civilization: Ancient Israel, c. 2000 BC/BCE – 70 AD/CE, Grade 7 7.19 O  n a historical map of the Mediterranean, locate Asia Minor, Greece and Mesopotamia, the kingdoms of the Hittites and ancient Israel, and Egypt. On a modern map, locate Egypt, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, the area governed by the Palestinian Authority, Syria, and Turkey. 7.20 Identify the ancient Israelites, or Hebrews, and trace their migrations from Mesopotamia to the land called Canaan, and explain the role of Abraham and Moses in their history.

2. Use correctly the words or abbreviations for identifying time periods or dates in historical narratives (decade, age, era, century, millennium, AD/CE, BC/BCE, c., and circa). Identify in BC/BCE dates the higher number as indicating the older year (that is, 3000 BC/BCE is earlier than 2000 BC/BCE).

7.21 Describe the monotheistic religion of the Israelites.

3. Construct and interpret timelines of events and civilizations studied.

7.23 E  xplain the expulsion/dispersion of the Jews to other lands (referred to as the Diaspora) after the destruction of the second temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD/CE, and the renaming of the country by the Romans.

4. Distinguish between primary and secondary sources and describe how each kind of source is used in interpreting history. 5. Identify multiple causes and effects when explaining historical events. 6. Describe ways of interpreting archaeological evidence from societies leaving no written records.

7.22 D  escribe the unification of the tribes of Israel under Kings Saul, David, and Solomon, including David’s founding of Jerusalem as his capital city in 1000 BC/BCE and the building of the first temple by Solomon.

History and Geography, Grades 8 – 12 2. Identify multiple ways to express time relationships and dates (for example, 1066 AD is the same as 1066 CE, and both refer to a date in the eleventh or 11th century, which is the same as the 1000s). 3. Interpret and construct timelines that show how events and eras in various parts of the world are related to one another. 7. Show connections, causal and otherwise, between particular historical events and ideas and larger social, economic, and political trends and developments. 8. Interpret the past within its own historical context rather than in terms of present-day norms and values. (H, E, C) 9. Distinguish intended from unintended consequences. 10. Distinguish historical fact from opinion.

EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS SCIENCE EDUCATION As an artifact-based exhibit, Dead Sea Scrolls: Life in Ancient Times does not directly enable engagement with scientific content or phenomena. However, the collection of artifacts offers an opportunity for students to consider how people from another culture arranged their lives and attempted to make sense of their world. These practices encourage critical thinking and analysis. The following information links the exhibit to the Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework.

Massachusetts Science and Technology/ Engineering Curriculum Framework Earth and Space Science, Grades 6 – 8 Mapping the Earth 1. Recognize, interpret, and be able to create models of the earth’s common physical features in various mapping representations, including contour maps. Earth and Space Science, Grades 9 – 12 Earth Processes and Cycles 3.7 Describe the absolute and relative dating methods used to measure geologic time, such as index fossils, radioactive dating, law of superposition, and crosscutting relationships. Technology and Engineering, Grades 6 – 8 Communication Technologies 3.4 Identify and explain how symbols and icons (e.g., international symbols and graphics) are used to communicate a message.

EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS ART EDUCATION Many of the artifacts on display in the exhibition are the work of skilled artisans. A visit to the exhibit, therefore, is an ideal art appreciation opportunity for students, as called for by the Massachusetts Arts Curriculum Framework.

Massachusetts Arts Curriculum Framework Standard 6: Purposes and Meanings in the Arts, Grade 8 6.3 Interpret the meanings of artistic works by explaining how the subject matter and/or form reflect the events, ideas, religions, and customs of people living at a particular time in history. 6.4 Describe how artistic production can shape and be influenced by the aesthetic preferences of a society. Standard 8: Concepts of Style, Stylistic Influence, and Stylistic Change, Grades 9 – 12 8.8 Identify the stylistic features of a given work and explain how they relate to aesthetic tradition and historical or cultural contexts. Standard 10: Interdisciplinary Connections, Grades Pre-K – 12 Students will use knowledge of the arts and cultural resources in the study of the arts, English language arts, foreign languages, health, history and social science, mathematics, and science and technology/engineering.

In partnership with

Educational Partner

Media Partner

Museum Premier Partners

Connect with the Museum online: #DeadSeaScrolls

MAR-13-5506

Created by the Israel Antiquities Authority from the collections of the Israel National Treasures and produced by Discovery Times Square and The Franklin Institute.

Museum of Science 1 Science Park Boston, MA 02114-1099 mos.org