INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL WEBINAR SERIES

Vegetation Management Control Methods and Specifications Joe Lentz Arborchem Products, Inc.

Presented by the Center for Invasive Species Management Sponsored by DuPont

Introduction • Managing undesirable vegetation for low growing forbs, herbs, grasses, and shrubs is essential for creating a competitive environment. Sixty years of vegetation management research has provided credibility to the R/W industry by using all the tools necessary to meet these objectives (Game Lands 33, www.arborchem.com/ training_research.html). • The primary objective of a sound vegetation management program is to provide a high percentage of control for all undesirable species. The tools chosen must then allow the contractor to be productive while having no off-target damage. • When setting up a vegetation management program, there are many factors to consider. History (methods used in the past), brush density, height, species, R/W type, sensitive areas, and environmental concerns. • Traditional methods continue to be instrumental tools in managing growth patterns. These methods include: hydraulic (high-volume foliar), low-volume foliar, broadcast foliar, cut stubble, basal, cut surface, cut stump, and granular bare ground applications. • Managing the growth patterns vs. the mechanical maintenance (mowers, chainsaws) of tall growing undesirable vegetation has proven to provide long term control.

Introduction (continued) • Ultra Low Volume (ULV) has been integrated into vegetation management applications at rates varying from 1 to 5 gallons per acre. Applications include: ULV Backpack, ULV Cut Stubble, ULV Broadcast Foliar, and ULV Side Trimming. By utilizing the Thinvert® Application System applicators are more productive, increase the percentage of control, and keep desirable low growing vegetation intact. • Many of the invasive weed managers throughout the US have endorsed this application because of its ultra-low rates and selectivity. Merging of the industries has provided creditability to the R/W vegetation management programs by educating the public and environmental groups with the new technology. • A programmed approach enables vegetation managers to use the right tool in the right place. • Each tool is essential for meeting our goal when used appropriately. • Selecting the right application and herbicide combination, as well as a consistent cycle, is essential to a successful vegetation management program.

Cut Surface / Cut Stump Treatments All woody stems that are cut shall be treated with herbicide utilizing cut surface or cut stump treatments. Cut surface treatment: The outer 1-inch (cambium area) shall be treated immediately after cutting with a mixture of 50% Rodeo® herbicide in water for wetland areas or Capstone™ herbicide for upland areas. Control is limited with spring applications during high sap flow. Equipment: Tolco or Stihl 2-quart pump-up spray bottle.

Cut surface application

Cut stump treatment: The entire bark area of the cut stump and exposed roots shall be treated with a mixture of 25% Garlon® 4 Ultra in Arborchem® Basal Oil with marking dye. The entire circumference to ground line shall be treated with a light spray anytime after the cut is made. • May be applied at any time of the year on all diameter trees.

Cut stump application

Low Volume Basal Treatment This treatment is recommended for low density brush (less than 1,000 stems per acre) with stems no larger than 5” DBH. Herbicide mixture is applied to the lower 12 – 18” of the stem from the root collar up, completely encircling the entire circumference of the stem. • Thicker corky bark will require more material at the root flair without puddling. • Applications can be made year round as long as the target is assessable.

ULV basal wand with SS Y-3 tip

Birchmeier comfort kit

Birchmeier backpack 15K

Low Volume Basal Applications Equipment: Birchmeier backpack with a B&G 24-inch ULV wand and a SS-5500 Y-3 nozzle. Treat completely around the entire circumference of all stems.

Low Volume Basal Applications Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species and land use guidelines. • 20% Garlon® 4 Ultra + 5% Tordon® K + 75% Arborchem® T+G Basal Oil • 25% Garlon® 4 Ultra + 1% Stalker® + 74% Arborchem® Basal Oil • 20% Garlon® 4 Ultra + 3% Stalker® + 77% Arborchem® Basal Oil • 25% Garlon® 4 Ultra + 75% Arborchem® Basal Oil

Low Volume Foliar Treatment This treatment is recommended for low density brush (less than 1,000 stems per acre) with maximum height of 8 feet. • Entire crown and sides of targeted plants shall be sprayed with low volume herbicide mixture during the foliar season. • Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species and land use guidelines. Equipment: Birchmeier or SP3 backpack with a low volume water gun (40006E + 1506E nozzles).

Low Volume Foliar Application (Water)

20 GPA

Low Volume Foliar Results

One year results

Low Volume Foliar Applications Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species and land use guidelines. • 4–5% Krenite® S + 0.5% Arsenal® Powerline™ + 4 oz/100 gal Escort® XP + 1% Clean Cut • 50 oz/100 gal Viewpoint® + 1% Clean Cut • 4% Krenite® S + 50 oz/100 gal Viewpoint® + 1% Clean Cut • 5% Rodeo® + 0.5% Arsenal® Powerline™ + 4 oz/100 gal Escort® XP + 1% Clean Cut

ULV Foliar Applications (Backpack) Treatment is recommended for low density brush (less than 1,000 stems per acre) with maximum height of 8 feet. Entire crown of targeted plants shall be sprayed with a light spray using an ultra low volume herbicide mixture utilizing the Thinvert® Application System. Equipment: Birchmeier backpack with ULV Thinvert® brush gun (SS81531 and SS15105 nozzles)

ULV Thinvert® vs. Water Applications

10 oz. per minute

Water 3 pts per minute

ULV Foliar Applications Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species and land use guidelines. • 7% Krenite® S + 1% Polaris® + 4 oz/100 gal Escort® XP + 92% Thinvert® RTU • 7% Rodeo® + 1% Polaris® + 4 oz/100 gal Escort® XP + 92% Thinvert® RTU • 7% Krenite® S + 1 oz/100 gal Viewpoint® + 93% Thinvert® RTU • 7% Rodeo® + 1% Polaris® + 4 oz/100 gal Escort® XP + 92% Thinvert® RTU (wetland areas)

ULV Thinvert® Backpack Application

Thinvert® application on Japanese knotweed

ULV Thinvert® Backpack Results

ULV Cut Stubble Applications Treatment is recommended for areas where dense, tall brush has have been reclaimed by mowers. A Broadcast application of soil active, selective herbicides are applied in Thinvert® RTU at a rate of 5 gallons per acre to the cut stubble. Application must be made before resprouting begins, the ground cannot be frozen or saturated. Note: This application is suitable where a 10 foot buffer on the R/W edge is acceptable, typically transmission R/W. Distribution R/W are not candidates for this application.

Equipment: Kubota with 100 gallon SS spray tank and 2 – ARB 1534 Widecast nozzles (30-foot swatch), 5 GPA + 20 acres treated

ULV Cut Stubble Application

Mowing woody vegetation

Treat with selective-residual herbicides after mowing and before resprouting occurs at 5 GPA

ULV Cut Stubble Results

One year results

Three year results

ULV Cut Stubble Applications Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species and land use guidelines. • 2 qts Tordon® K + 16 oz Polaris® + 4.5 gal Thinvert® RTU per acre (applied at 5 GPA). • 2 qts Tordon® K + 16 oz Polaris® + 7 oz Milestone® + Thinvert® RTU per acre (applied at 5 GPA.) • 12 oz Viewpoint® + 4.25 oz Streamline® + 7 oz Milestone® + 99% Thinvert RTU® (applied at 5 GPA).

Broadcast Applications Treatment is recommended for areas where dense, tall brush have been reclaimed by mowers. Apply a broadcast treatment with a Radiarc® sprayer over top of 1–2 year vegetation. The re-sprouts must be hardened off for desired results. Carrier rate with water is 50 gallons per acre and 0.5% MSO. Equipment: Tractor- or truck-mounted sprayer capable of applying 40–50 gallons per acre mounted with a Radiarc® sprayer (provides 35-foot swath)

Broadcast Radiarc® Application

30–60 foot swatch applied at 40–50 GPA

Broadcast Radiarc® Application Results

One year results

Broadcast Applications Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species and land use guidelines. • 1 qt Tordon® K + 3 qts Garlon® 3A per acre • 1.5 gal Krenite® S + 7.5 oz Streamline® per acre • 1.5 gal Krenite® S + 12 oz Viewpoint® per acre • 1.5 gal Krenite® S + 12 oz Arsenal® PowerLine™ + 1.5 oz Escort® XP per acre • 3 qts Rodeo® + 14 oz Polaris™ per acre • 1 gal Rodeo® + 14 oz Polaris™ per acre (wetland areas)

ULV Broadcast applications utilizing the Thinvert® Application System • Area is mowed and vegetation is allowed to resprout and harden off before application is made; and • Treat undesirable vegetation with a broadcast application at 5 GPA utilizing the Thinvert® application system

Equipment: Kubota® with 100 gal. SS spray tank and 2– ARB 1534 Widecast nozzles (30 ft. swatch), 5 GPA + 20 acres treated

Thinvert® Application System

5 GPA Krenite® - Escort® - Arsenal® Thinvert® RTU

One year results

ULV Broadcast Thinvert® Rates • 7% Krenite® S + 7.5 oz Streamline® per acre • 7% Krenite® S + 12 oz Viewpoint® per acre • 7% Krenite® S + 12 oz Arsenal® + 1 oz Escort® XP per acre • 7% Rodeo® + 14 oz Arsenal® + 1 oz Escort® XP per acre • 7% Rodeo® + 14 oz Polaris™ per acre (wetland areas) • Applied in Thinvert® RTU at 5 GPA

High Volume Foliar – Stem Foliar Treatment is recommended for reclaiming areas of dense brush and trees with a maximum height of 12 feet. Using a coarse spray, apply over the top of the brush. Complete coverage of terminal ends, leaves, and stems is required. Equipment:

200 – 300 gal. skid mounted hydraulic sprayer with minimum 400 ft. of 1/2 id hose and high volume spray guns.

Application:

One year results:

High-Volume Foliar – Stem Foliar Applications Spray mixture will be determined by dominant species. • 2 qts Garlon® 3A + 1 pt Tordon® K + 5 oz Milestone® VM + 0.25% Clean Cut • 2 qts Garlon® 3A + 7.5 oz Streamline ® + 0.25% Clean Cut • 1.5% Krenite® S4 + 7.5 oz Streamline® + 0.25% Clean Cut • 1.5% Krenite® S4 + 6 oz/100 Arsenal® PowerLine™+ 1.5 oz Escort® XP + 0.5% Clean Cut • 12% Viewpoint® + 0.5% Clean Cut • 0.25% Tordon® K + 2 oz Escort® XP + 4 oz/100 Arsenal® PowerLine™ + 0.25% Clean Cut • 4 qts Rodeo® + 2 oz Escort® XP + 6 oz/100 Polaris® + 0.5% Chemsurf™ 90 (wetland mix)

Selective Pellet – Granular • This treatment is for selective application to scattered brush around tower bases. • Labeled rates of herbicide area applied to the base of the target stems. • Should not be applied with the ground frozen, where runoff to non-targeted area can occur, or where desirable non-target root systems may come in contact with the treated area. Application:

Results:

Applications:

Application Rates • Spike® 20P • Arsenal® 5G + S-5 tebuthiuron blend • Topsite™

Spike, Rodeo, Garlon, Tordon, Milestone, and Capstone are registered trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Arsenal and Stalker are registered trademarks of BASF. PowerLine is a trademark of BASF. Krenite, Viewpoint, Escort, and Streamline are registered trademarks of DuPont. Polaris is a trademark of DuPont. Topsite is a trademark of SSI Maxim Co., Inc. Chemsurf is a trademark of Chemorse, Ltd. Thinvert and Radiarc are registered trademarks of Waldrum Specialties, Inc. Arborchem is a registered trademark of Arborchem Products. Clean Cut is an Arborchem product.

INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL WEBINAR SERIES

Joe Lentz Arborchem Products [email protected] www.arborchem.com All presentations included in this webinar will be available for viewing (with recorded audio) approximately two days after airing at: www.weedcenter.org/technicalwebinars/recordings

Presented by the Center for Invasive Species Management Sponsored by DuPont