Vamac® & Viton® performance in new automotive fluids

DuPont Performance Polymers Conference May 20th, 2010 Albergo Cocca Hotel Sarnico (Bg)

Patrick Paglia & Laurent Lefebvre

Agenda Vamac® & Viton® performance to : 1. Engine & Transmission Synthetic Oils

2. Biofuels

3. Blow-By & Exhaust Gas Acid Condensates

4. AdBlue® Urea

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils recommended by VW group Volume swell after 1 week @ 150°C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) 15

Vamac® G Vamac® GLS

13 11

Volume swell (%)

9 7 5 3 1 -1

Standard

Fuel Economy

-3

Fuel Economy Low SAPS oils

-5 Castrol GXL 10W40

Shell Helix Plus 5W40

Elf Excellium LDX 5W40

VW 502.00 & VW 505.00

Castrol SLX Long life II 0W30

Castrol SLX Mobil 1 ESP Long life III Form ula 5W30 5W30 (low (low SAPS) SAPS)

VW 503.00 & VW 506.00

VW 504.00 & VW 507.00

3

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils recommended by VW group Hardness change after 1 week @ 150 C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) Vamac G

9

Vamac GLS

Hardness change (pts)

7

Low SAPS oils

5

3

1

-1

-3

-5 Shell Helix Plus 5W40

Elf Excellium LDX Castrol SLX Long Castrol SLX Long 5W40 life II 0W30 life III 5W30 (low SAPS)

Mobil 1 ESP Form ula 5W30 (low SAPS)

4

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils recommended by VW group Elongation change after 1 week @ 150 C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) 0 -5

Elongation change (%)

-10 -15 -20 -25

Low SAPS oils -30 -35 Vamac G

-40

Vamac GLS -45 -50 Shell Helix Plus 5W40

Elf Excellium LDX Castrol SLX Castrol SLX 5W40 Long life II 0W30 Long life III 5W30 (low SAPS)

Mobil 1 ESP Form ula 5W30 (low SAPS)

5

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils Recommended by Fiat & Iveco Volume swell after 6 weeks @ 150 C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) 20 Vamac G Vamac GLS

18 16

Volume swell (%)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Urania Turbo LD 15W40 (Iveco)

Selenia 20 K 10W40 (Fiat)

Turbo charged or multivalve engines

Selenia WR 5W40 (Fiat)

Urania FE 5W30 (Iveco)

Fuel economy for new multijet diesel engines

6

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils recommended by BMW group Volume swell after 1 week @ 150 C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) 15

Vamac G 13

Vamac GLS

11

Low SAPS oils

9

7

5

3

1

-1

-3

-5

Fuchs Titan SuperSyn SL 5W30

Shell Helix Ultra AB 5W30

BMW Long life 01

Fuchs Titan GT1 Castrol SLX LL04 5W30 (low SAPS) 0W30 (low SAPS)

BMW Long life 04

Mobil 1 ESP Form ula 5W30 (low SAPS)

7

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils recommended by Daimler group Volume swell after 1 week @ 150 C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) 15 Vamac G 13

Vamac GLS

Low SAPS oils

11

Volume swell (%)

9 7 5 3 1 -1 -3 -5 Elf Excellium LDX 5W40

MB 229.3

Fuchs Titan SuperSyn SL 5W30

Shell Helix Ultra AB 5W30

MB 229.5

Fuchs Titan GT1 5W30 (low SAPS)

Elf Solaris LSX Mobil 1 ESP 5W30 (low Form ula 5W30 SAPS) (low SAPS)

8 MB 229.31 & MB 229.51

Vamac® performance in Engine Oils recommended by PSA group Volume swell after 1 week @ 150 C (Standard Compounds, 10 phr plasticiser, 70 sh.A) 15 Vamac G

Low SAPS oils

Vamac GLS

13 11

Volume swell (%)

9 7 5 3 1 -1 -3 -5 Total Quartz Diesel 7000 10W40

Total Quartz Total G11077 Total Quartz Ineo Total G03232 Future 9000 5W30 Lube MA3 5W30 ECS 5W30 (low Lube MA4 5W30 SAPS) (low SAPS)

9

Vamac® performance in Transmission Fluids Volume Swell after 6 weeks @ 150°C (Standard Vamac® compounds, 10 phr plasticiser)

30 Vamac® G Vamac® GLS

Volume Swell in %

25 20 15 10 5 0

P e nt o s in C H F 11S

T o tal P e t ro Esso A T F F luide A T X C a na da LT 7 114 1 D e xro n II G M D e xro n III R D L 2746

C a s t ro l SA F XO 7 5 W9 0

Esso Gear o il B V 7 5 W8 0

Traditional fluids

P e t ro C a na da D e xro n V I R D L 3434

C a s t ro l T ra ns m a x Z 7 5 W9 0

T o tal T ra ns e lf S ynt he s e F E 7 5 W9 0

New fluids

M o bilube P TX 7 5 W9 0

10

Viton® Polymers in Powertrain Lubricants Degree of Base Resistance required

Engine

Suggested Polymer

bisphenol cured

B-651C un-aged

B-651C, 500 hrs Shell Helix ® Ultra 0W40 engine oil

Gear box & Transmission

B-651C, 500 hrs BP Cecilia 20 5W40 engine oil

GF-S, 1000 hrs BP Cecilia 20 5W40 engine oil

Axle & Wheel bearing

B-651C, 500 hrs

B-651C, 1000 hrs

ESSO Dexron III ATF

Mobile Axle lube

GF-S, 1000 hrs ESSO Dexron III ATF

GF-S, 1000 hrs Mobile Axle lube

VTR-8802, 1000 hrs VTR-8802, 1000 hrs ESSO Dexron III ATF

Mobile Axle lube

Viton TBR-S (=VTR-8802) was currently a development for US OEMs for some highly aggressive wheel and axle lubes So far limited interest for the European market

11

Viton® in demanding lubricants Automatic Transmission Fluid @ 150°C Petro Canada Dexron III TBR-S

100

GBLT-S GLT-S

80

60

GF-S GBL-S

40

A-401C

20

120

0 0

500

1000

1500

Hours

2000

2500

3000

Petro Canada Dexron VI

3500

TBR-S

100

Percent retained Elong. (%)

Percent retained Elong. (%)

120

80

GBLT-S GLT-S 60

GF-S 40

GBL-S B-651C 20

A-401C 0 0

500

1000

1500

2000

Hours

2500

3000 12

3500

Mixture Engine Oil 15W40 / Diesel + Biodiesel Vamac® Volume Swell Fluid ageing tests : 1, 3 & 6 weeks @ 150°C Volume Increase

Vamac® G gasket

15W40 -- Test Tube 0 1 14 3 15 6 13 15W40 -- Pressure Vessel 0 1 17 3 19 6 18 15W40 -- with 7% B20 (Ford) 0 1 22 3 21 6 22 15W40 -- with 7% Diesel 0 1 22 3 20 6 22

VMX 3038 Vamac® GLS turbocharger gasket hose

5 7 5

23 24 22

9 10 9

27 29 27

12 11 12

33 31 32

13 11 12

33 30 31

•Increase in volume with switch from test tube to pressure vessel.

•Further increase in volume with addition of diesel or biodiesel RME

•No difference between conventional diesel & biodiesel B20.

Engine Oil - 15W40 Valvoline "Premium Blue" Diesel Fuel - local supply in Akron, OH (USA) RME Biodiesel fuel - B20 from Haltermann’s in Texas (USA)

13

Mixture Engine Oil 0W30 / Fuel CE10 Permeation: Comparison AEM, ACM, HNBR Permeation Values for different elastomers in blend of 98% Motorcraft oil 0W30 with 2% CE10 Measured at 40°C Units are in g / mm thickness / m2 / day

Ethanol Octane Toluene Total w/o ethanol

AEM 7.58 0.13 3.63 11.35

ACM 13.51 0.44 10.59 24.54

HNBR 6.59 0.20 3.67 10.47

3.76

11.03

3.88

CE10 : • 45% toluene • 45% isooctane • 10% ethanol

14

Agenda Vamac® & Viton® performance to : 1. Engine & Transmission Synthetic Oils

2. Biofuels

3. Blow-By & Exhaust Gas Acid Condensates

4. AdBlue® Urea

Material Performance to Fuel/Biofuel Fuel Permeation: Material Choices for Reducing Permeation Losses fuel system elastomer films to M15 fuel @ 23°C Permeation rate 6500

Silicone (VMQ) NBR / HNBR

g-mm/m2/d (Log chart)

1100

Fluorosilicone (FVMQ)

635

Nylon 12

85

Viton® A

35

Viton® B

12

Viton® GF

3

THV 500

0.5

Tefzel® ETFE

0.2

Teflon® PTFE

higher fluorine = lower permeation

0.05

Teflon® FEP

0.03

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

16

Viton® bioethanol resistance Volume swell Volume Change in Bioethanol & fuel blends 1008 hours at 40°C (weekly fuel change)

25 Fuel C CE-10

Volume Change, %

20

CE-25 CE-50 CE-85

15

E-100

10 5 0 GLT600S low

A-601C

GBLT- B-601C 600S

GFLT600S

fluorine (wt % )

VTR9209

F-605C

GF600S high

17

Viton® bioethanol resistance Permeation Rate Permeation of Fuel C / Ethanol Blends 1008 hours at 40°C 120

Fuel C CE-10 CE-25 CE-50 CE-85 E-100

Perm rate (g-mm/m²/day)

100 80 60 40 20 0 GLT-S low

A-601C

GBLT-S

GFLT-S

B-601C

F-605C

fluorine (wt % )

Peak permeation at ~25% Ethanol in Fuel C

GF-S high

18

Performance of Viton® with different Bioalcohols Volume Change in Bio-alcohols & fuel blends 168 hours at 40°C

27 Butanol Ethanol Fuel C Fuel C/Butanol (80/20) Fuel C/Ethanol (75/25)

24 Volume Change, %

21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 GLT600S low

A-601C

GBLT- B-601C 600S

GFLT600S

fluorine (wt % )

VTR9209

F-605C

GF600S high

19

Viton® performance in “pure & fresh” Biodiesel

•Pure & Fresh Biodiesel is not agressive to FKM compounds •High Swell of standard FKM is caused by a seconder order effect: - Contamination (water, residual catalyst, …) - Degradation products (acids, aldehydes, …)

20

Viton® performance in “aggressive” Biodiesel Aged in “wet” B100 RME at 125°C – Volume change (%) fuel change at test interval

120 100

336 hours

Volume Change, %

672 hours

80

1008 hours 1512 hours

60

2016 hours 3024 hours

40 20 0 "NMO" GBL-S

"NMO" GF-S

GBL-S Ca(OH)2

Wet = addition of 0.5% distilled water to RME "NMO"= No Metal Oxide formulation

A401C

F605C

21

Viton® performance in “aggressive” Biodiesel Aged in “wet” B5 RME at 125°C – Volume change (%)

Presence of metal oxide

No Metal Oxide in compounds

Best recommendation : Viton® APA peroxide cured without metal oxide 22

Vamac® results in Fam-B & in Biodiesel Vamac® volume swell after 1 week @ 23°C in Fuel/RME Biodiesel 120

G standard G/GLS (50/50) standard

100

% Volume Swell

.

GLS standard 80

60

40

20

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

% RME in the blend Fuel #2 + RME

*Significant swell and property loss in gasoline

*After redrying, properties go back to original excellent value *Swell can be reduced only to a limited extent with Vamac® GLS & VMX 3110

*2% and 5% blends of biodiesel fuels are compatible with Vamac® G *For the 20% blend use of Vamac® GLS is appropriate 23

100

Agenda Vamac® & Viton® performance to : 1. Engine & Transmission Synthetic Oils

2. Biofuels

3. Blow-By & Exhaust Gas Acid Condensates

4. AdBlue® Urea

Why Vamac® for Blow-By Applications ? ECO is the polymer that was traditionally used in PCV tubes. Problems of ECO: - Lead is used as stabilizer - Poor heat resistance or scorch issue with ECO lead free - Acid resistance limited ECO & Vamac® after 1 week @ 90°C Elongation Retention in Ford‘s Acid Condensate 120.0%

ECO & Vamac® after 1 week @ 90°C Swell in Blow-By condensate from Ford

Vamac® G Vamac® GLS

100.0%

ECO ( Lead-Free )

120

Vamac® G Vamac® GLS

Volume Swell, %

100

ECO ( Lead-Free ) ECO

80

60

Retention of Elongation, %

140

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0% 40

0.0%

20 Vamac® G

Vamac® GLS

1

0 1

Ford acid condensate chemical composition: 14.0 ml Methanoic ( Formic ) Acid 11.0 ml Nitric Acid 15.0 ml Ethanoic ( acetic ) Acid 1.0 ml Hydrochloric Acid 1.0 ml Sulphuric Acid 958.0 ml Distilled Water

25

VW TL52291, Blow-by specification PV3936 test conditions Standard fluid ageing tests in Cecilia 20, Diesel & Fam B are requested in VW TL52291 spec. PV 3936 is part of air duct specification if resistance to crankcase gases (blow-by gas) and condensates of these gases are required. Rubber has to pass a number of cycles. Temperature °C 18 h in Cecilia 20, 5W40

135

60

30 min dry 30 min FAM2 30 min dry

Performance: Vamac® = 16 cycles HNBR = 8 cycles ECO = 1 cycle

4 h HNO³

30 min dry

15 0

12

6

1 Cycle

18

24 26

PV3936, Vamac® GLS compound from customer tested by DuPont In spec. VW TL 52291 after 6 cycles, changes in properties and remaining values have to be: Hardness >=55 Shore A (Change max. -20%) Tensile >= 6 Mpa (max. -40%) Weight Change max. +20% Elongation >= 80% (max. -65%) 300 Hardness 250 Tensile * 10 EaB 200 Weight Change * 10 150 100 50 0 Original

1 cycle

2 cycles

3 cycles

4 cycles

5 cycles

6 cycles 27

Exhaust Gas Recirculated test parameters Which parameters might influence the test ? pH

1 up to 5 with average 3

5

Size and shape

SampleFinished Parts

Organic

3 Lab Specimens

2

with or without

Aeration

Yes

Acid Type

4

No

1

HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 => mineral HCOOH, CH3COOH => organic Salts of acids Other acids…

Mineral /Organic Mineral Liquid

Gas

Phase

168 h Reflux 50°C

Vapour (= gas phase) or Condensate (= liquid phase)

504 h 1008 h

Autoclave

Equipment Autoclave or reflux system

100°C

2000 h

Time

150°C

168 h (short term) up to 2008 h (long term)

Temperature 60°C up to 150°C with average 80-90°C

28

Autoclave equipment used in DuPont

Diameter: 97 mm Length: 204 mm Volume: around 2 litres Thickness: 5 mm Material: stainless steel 316L

Valves: Swagelok® serie R3A, (ref. SS-4R3A adjusted 3.4 -24.1 bars)

Two sets of lab specimens tested in the autoclaves (liquid phase & gas phase) 29

EGR acid solutions selected First EGR solution (pH =3.3) defined by PSA

First EGR solution (pH =3.0) defined by VW

Concentration

mmol/l

KF

0.86

NaCl

4.23

HNO3

0.14

H2SO4

1.83

NaOH

2.81

Concentration

Lab tests made with fluids close to OEM reference

mmol/l

CH3CO2NH4

3.56

NH4NO3

0.44

(NH4)2SO4

0.57

HCOOH

24.66

CH3CH2COOH

10.68

PSA EGR chemical composition: only mineral based, pH 3.3 VW EGR chemical composition: organic based, pH 3.0 N-B: PSA & VW EGR acid solutions above have been modified recently

30

Vamac® & Viton® results: Influence of acid type PSA EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C ● Vamac® performs well in mineral & organic acids

50 40 30

Vamac® G Viton® A401C Viton® GF-200S with MO

Vamac® GLS Viton® GF-200S 17

20 10 0

0

1 0

3

12 12

9 7

6 0 0

-10

-12 -9 -10

-20

1 1

0

5

-3

● Compounds of Viton® with metal oxide is not recommended for use with organic acids

-30 -40 -50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

● Compounds of Viton® without metal oxide have very good resistance to all acid types

Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

VW EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C 50

VW EGR exposure

40

VW EGR exposure

30 20 10

19

14 5

1

1

4

6

8

7

3

0 -10

-3

-2

-20

Vamac® G Vamac® GLS Viton® A401C ("destroyed") Viton® GF-200S Viton® GF-200S with MO ("destroyed")

-30 -40 -50

®

®

® Viton A401C

Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

Elongation change(%)

Volume Swell (%)

31

Other elastomers: Influence of acid type PSA EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C 40

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

30

Standard ACM

'HT-ACM'

20

CPE

ECO

10

1 3 -7 -8

12

14

7 1

-3 -9

-9

VW EGR exposure

-19

-30 -50

ECO

21

-2

-20 -40

PSA EGR exposure Viton® GF-200S

0

0 -10

127

75

50

-26 -39 Hardness change (points)

-40 -37 Tensile change (%)

-33 -39

CPE -37

Elongation (%)

Volume Swell (%)

VW EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C ● Standard ACM, ECO & CPE: poor resistance to EGR in this lab evaluation

50 40 30

Vamac® GLS Standard ACM CPE ("destroyed")

20

● ’HT-ACM’ has poor retention of mechanical properties vs Vamac®

Viton® GF-200S 'HT-ACM' ECO ("destroyed") 14

10

84

19 6

7

1

15 3

0 -10

-3 -2

-7 -8

-20 -30 -31

-40

-36

-50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

-32 -41 Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

32

Vamac® & Viton® results: Gas vs liquid phase VW EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C

50 40 30 20 10 0 -10

19

14 5

1 -3

4

1

6

8 7

3

-2 Vamac® G Vamac® GLS Viton® A401C ("destroyed") Viton® GF-200S Viton® GF-200S with MO ("destroyed")

-20 -30 -40 -50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change(%)

Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

VW EGR gas contact, 168 h @ 90°C

50

Vamac® G Vamac® GLS Viton® A401C Viton® GF-200S Viton® GF-200S with MO ("destroyed")

40

● Gas Phase is nearly as aggressive as liquid phase, even at 90°C only

30 20 10

● Gas phase is less agressive than liquid phase for Viton® A401 C

36

13

11 11 3

0

0 -10 -20

-2

-5 -6

-1

-7 -4

-16

-1 -18

-30 -40

-39

-50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

33

Vamac® & Viton® results : Influence of test temperature VW EGR liquid contact, volume swell

276

40 30 20 10

13 8

7

5

15

9

6

16

5

3

0

VW EGR liquid contact, elongation change

-2

-10 -20

50

-30

168 h @ 90°C

-40

168 h @ 120°C

168 h @ 150°C

-50

Vamac® G

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

HT-ACM

VW EGR liquid contact, tensile change Tensile change (%)

50 40 30 20 10 0 -10

168 h @ 90°C

168 h @ 120°C

28

168 h @ 150°C

29

3

168 h @ 90°C

168 h @ 120°C

168 h @ 150°C 15

20 10

27

6

4

4

3

0 -10 -20

-16

-30 -40 -50

-29

-32 -32

-56

-64

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

HT-ACM

● Vamac® clearly performs better than HT-ACM

-3

-20

40 30

Vamac® G

14 15 5

Elongation change (%)

Volume swell (%)

50

-21

-30 -40

-41

-50

-36

-33 -82

Vamac® G

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

HT-ACM

34

Vamac® & Viton® results: Influence of pH VW EGR acid solution - liquid contact, 94 h @ 100°C, pH =3 79

50 Vamac® G Viton® GF-200S 'HT-ACM'

40 30 20 10

19 3

1

0 -10

Vamac® GLS Standard ACM

-3 -2

-1 -7 -8

0

15 6

1

11 4

-5

-20 -30 -40

-39 -38

-50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

-40 -49

Elongation change (%)

● Volume swell increases with low pH value

Volume Swell (%)

VW EGR liquid contact, 94 h @ 100°C, pH =1.6

93

50 Vamac® G Viton® GF-200S 'HT-ACM'

40

● Mechanical properties worsen with lower pH but the drop remains moderate for Viton® GF-S without metal oxide and both compounds of Vamac®

30 20

22 10

10 0 -10 -20

● Is ACM or “HT-ACM” suitable for sealing applications in contact with acid ?

Vamac® GLS Standard ACM 11 11

5

0 -2 -4

-4 -9 -10

-3

-8

-7 -16

-30 -40

-36

-50 Hardness change (points)

-44

Tensile change (%)

-49 -49 Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

35

Vamac® & Viton® results: Influence of equipment, aeration Autoclave, no stirring system, no aeration PSA EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C

50 40 30

Vamac® G

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

Standard ACM

20

11

9

10

0 1

0

0 -3

-10

9

No significant difference between these 3 methods:

7 1

0

-7

75

● Viton® GF-200S no MO - Very good ● Vamac® G & GLS - Good

-3

-8

-20 -30 -40

-39

-40

-50 Hardness change (points)

50 40

Tensile change (%)

Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

Reflux with stirring system, no aeration PSA EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C

Reflux with stirring system + aeration 200 ml/min, 71 PSA EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C 72

40 Vamac® G

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

Standard ACM

30

30 20 10

8 0

0

-20

-3 -2

-4 -2

-9

7

2

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

Standard ACM

15

10

3

8

3

6

2

6

1

0 -10

-4

-6

Vamac® G

20

17

0 -10

50

-1 -2 -2

-7

-7

-20

-30

-30

-31

-40

-42

-50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

-33

-40 Elongation change (%)

-31

-50 Volume Swell (%)

Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

36

Acid Resistance Conclusion of DuPont lab study
ECO, CPE (CM):

Can be significantly affected in acid condensates (EGR, Blow-by) Increased risk of failure for the parts exposed to EGR


ACM, HT-ACM:

Shows severe effects in the various tests Careful study for each application


Vamac® AEM :

Standard compounds demonstrate excellent resistance to exhaust acids and gases  Vamac® can be recommended for cost-effective EGR hose and sealing solutions


Viton® FKM:

Standard compounds do perform well in these acidic environments, even when highly concentrated and/or at high temperature – caution with organic acids…  Viton® recommended broadly for use in contact with EGR.  Viton® peroxide cured compounds without metal oxide, are the ultimate choice

37

Agenda Vamac® & Viton® performance to : 1. Engine & Transmission Synthetic Oils

2. Biofuels

3. Blow-By & Exhaust Gas Acid Condensates

4. AdBlue® Urea

AdBlue® System

For elastomeric materials which are used in contact to AdBlue®, additional resistance to Diesel or Engine oils is very often required. This eliminates non-polar materials like EPDM.

39

Vamac® Ageing in AdBlue® for 168 h at 120°C Vamac® G

Vamac® GLS

Vamac® Ultra IP

Vamac® DP

Hardness Shore A (1 second)

71

54

75

61

Delta Hardness

-1

-20

3

-1

Tensile Strength [MPa]

9,8

3,5

21,2

11,0

Delta TS [%]

-43

-79

20

16

Elongation at break [%]

85

26

221

308

Delta Elong. [%]

-64

-89

-28

-41

Modulus at 100 % [MPa]

-

-

10,2

2,8

Delta 100% [%]

-

-

80

34

Volume Change

23

89

16

22

Weight Change

21

77

15

20

Liquid Phase








Tests were carried out in a lab autoclave using a Kalrez® FFKM seal. Vamac® GLS with its high Methyl Acrylate content lost all its elastic properties after 1 week at 120°C. Vamac® G is also loosing most of its elastic properties. The high viscosity grade Vamac® Ultra IP maintain most of his properties, only the Modulus shows a significant increase. The peroxide cured Vamac® DP performs best in terms of Modulus retention

40

Vamac® - AdBlue® Summary


Vamac® has long-time proven functionality in automotive hoses and seals and meets automotive low- and high-temperature requirements (40°C to 170°C with peaks up to 200°C), as well as good fluid resistance (e.g. engine oil and Diesel fuel)




Vamac® Ultra grades at medium methyl acrylate levels (=Vamac® Ultra IP & VMX 3038) keep their elastomeric properties after immersion in AdBlue® for 1 week at 120°C -> other tests with different ageing conditions (80°C, 100°C up to 6 weeks) are in progress




Peroxide cured Vamac® DP also can be seen as a material with possible use for AdBlue®, with higher comp set results (especially VW comp.set) may however be seen not as good for sealing applications




Vamac® offers an excellent price/performance ratio compared to HNBR or FKM grades that can be considered suitable for contact to AdBlue® 41

The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and is based on technical data that DuPont believes to be reliable and falls within the normal range of properties. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own discretion and risk. This data should not be used to establish specification limits nor used alone as the basis of design. Handling precaution information is given with the understanding that those using it will satisfy themselves that their particular conditions of use present no health or safety hazards. Since conditions of product use and disposal are outside our control, we make no warranties, express or implied, and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. As with any product, evaluation under enduse conditions prior to specification is essential. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate or a recommendation to infringe on patents. Caution: Do not use in medical applications involving permanent implantation in the human body. For other medical applications, discuss with your DuPont customer service representative and read Medical Caution Statement H-50103-3. The DuPont™ Oval logo, DuPont™, The miracles of science™, Crastin®, Delrin®, DuPont™ ETPV, Hytrel®, Minlon®, Rynite®, Thermx®, Zenite®, Zytel®, Diak™, Viton® and Vamac® are registered trademarks of E.I. DuPont de Nemours or its affiliates.

42

Mixture Engine Oil Valvoline 15W40 / Diesel + Biodiesel Vamac® Absolute Elongation and % Elongation Change Fluid ageing tests : 1, 3 & 6 weeks @ 150°C Absolute Values Percent Elongation

Vamac® G gasket

1 15W40 -- Test Tube 0 269 1 209 3 190 6 167 15W40 -- Pressure Vessel 0 269 1 200 3 168 6 114 15W40 -- with 7% B20 (Ford) 0 269 1 197 3 172 6 118 15W40 -- with 7% Diesel 0 269 1 194 3 142 6 129

% change from original

VMX 3038 Vamac® GLS turbocharger gasket hose

Vamac® G gasket

VMX 3038 Vamac® GLS turbocharger gasket hose

2

3

1

2

3

277 192 161 129

431 379 340 288

0% -22% -29% -38%

0% -31% -42% -53%

0% -12% -21% -33%

277 190 135 101

431 357 253 259

0% -26% -38% -57%

0% -31% -51% -63%

0% -17% -41% -40%

277 184 129 83

431 323 295 250

0% -27% -36% -56%

0% -33% -53% -70%

0% -25% -32% -42%

277 179 130 105

431 343 301 242

0% -28% -47% -52%

0% -36% -53% -62%

0% -20% -30% -44%

Change in control going from test tube to pressure vessel appears to have bigger effect than addition of diesel or biodiesel

43

Viton® Permeation resistance to fuel & biofuel

44

Other elastomers: Gas vs liquid phase VW EGR liquid contact, 168 h @ 90°C 50 40 30 20

Vamac® GLS Standard ACM CPE ("destroyed")

Viton® GF-200S 'HT-ACM' ECO ("destroyed") 14

10

84

19

15

6

7

1

3

0 -10

-3 -2

-7 -8

-20 -30 -31

-40

-36

-50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

-32 -41 Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

VW EGR gas contact, 168 h @ 90°C Other polymers are impacted even more  Will CPE & ECO be ok for use even under Euro 6 conditions?

50

Vamac® GLS

Viton® GF-200S

30

Standard ACM

'HT-ACM'

20

CPE ("destroyed")

ECO ("destroyed")

40

10

13

14

11 3

0

0 -10

 Is ACM or “HT-ACM” suitable for sealing applications in contact with EGR?

38

-20

-6

-2

-7

-4

-1

-11 -20

-30

-24

-40 -42

-50 Hardness change (points)

Tensile change (%)

-42 Elongation change (%)

Volume Swell (%)

45